Info Viz by Liz
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Transcript of Info Viz by Liz
Elizabeth Murnane
Information Visualization
� What is information visualization? � What are visualizations good for? � Design guidelines & techniques � HCI Visualization User Goals � Responsibilities, considerations, alternate solutions
Today’s Plan
� What is information visualization? � What are visualizations good for? � Design guidelines & techniques � HCI Visualization User Goals � Responsibilities, considerations, alternate solutions
Today’s Plan
� What is information visualization? � What are visualizations good for? � Design guidelines & techniques � HCI Visualization User Goals � Responsibilities, considerations, alternate solutions
Today’s Plan
� What is information visualization? � What are visualizations good for? � Design guidelines & techniques � HCI Visualization User Goals � Responsibilities, considerations, alternate solutions
Today’s Plan
� What is information visualization? � What are visualizations good for? � Design guidelines & techniques � HCI Visualization User Goals � Responsibilities, considerations, alternate solutions
Today’s Plan
� What is information visualization? � What are visualizations good for? � Design guidelines & techniques � HCI Visualization User Goals � Responsibilities, considerations, alternate solutions
� Have fun! ◦ Playing with, brainstorming about, and evaluating visualizations
Today’s Plan
� Visualization: “The use of computer-‐‑supported, interactive, visual representations of data to amplify cognition” (Card et al., 1998)
� Graphical depiction of understandable information ◦ Transformation of data to information
� Mental models � Creates an “artificial memory that best supports our natural means of perception” (Bertin)
Key Concepts
� Reason about, communicate, document, and preserve knowledge (Tufte)
� Quickly understand and assimilate information � Gain and share insights ◦ Discovery and decision-‐‑making ◦ Explanation and dissemination
� Purpose is not the visualizations themselves
Why do we use visualizations?
� Analyzing information ◦ Discover paZerns and explore trends ◦ Determine underlying factors and notice relationships ◦ Reason, plan, problem-‐‑solve
� Communicating information ◦ Present, explain, illustrate ◦ Point out key aspects & minimize less relevant details ◦ Education
Viz Types: Viewing vs. Creating
An interactive meta-viz of Viz
Ralph Lengler & Martin J. Eppler, Towards A Periodic Table of Visualization Methods for Management, 2007.
Interactive version at: www.visual-‐‑literacy.org
� Handle the expanding volume and diversity of data � Summarize, organize, and incorporate multiple layers of information into single illustration
� An aesthetic and appealing format makes comprehension process more enjoyable
Power of Visualization
Some classic examples
Napoleon’s March – Minard,1861
� Illustrates multiple facets of the data (i.e., geography, time, temperature, army size, direction of movement)
� Also serves as a record of the data
Napoleon’s March – Minard,1861
Cholera Epidemic
� Norman: “The power of the unaided mind is highly overrated”
� Visualizations aid thinking ◦ Increase human perceptual processing and aZention ◦ Expand our working memory ◦ Reduce the search for information ◦ Enhance our ability to recognize paZerns ◦ Help us notice irregularities and anomalies
Amplifying Human Cognition
� Multiply 66 x 43 in your head
Multiplication
� Multiply 66 x 43 in your head � Multiply 66 x 43 on paper
Multiplication
� Multiply 66 x 43 in your head � Multiply 66 x 43 on paper � People perform 5 times faster with the visual aid
Multiplication
� Norman: “The power of the unaided mind is highly overrated”
� Visualizations aid thinking ◦ Increase human perceptual processing and aZention ◦ Expand our working memory ◦ Reduce the search for information ◦ Enhance our ability to recognize paZerns ◦ Help us notice irregularities and anomalies
Amplifying Human Cognition
What’s interesting here?
What’s interesting here?
Revealing Correlation
Revealing Outliers
v HCI+Viz: Orient visualizations around users and tasks, not visualizations themselves
v Schneiderman / Carr
� Overview � Zoom � Filter � Details-‐‑on-‐‑demand � Relate � History � Extract
Fulfilling User Tasks
v Metaphors v Tufte’s Rules v Gestalt theories of form and configuration v CRAP: Contrast, Repetition, Alignment, Proximity � Utilize multi-‐‑functioning graphical elements ◦ intuitive cues that convey information ◦ meaning through shape, size, location, color, orientation, motion
� Use small multiples ◦ repetition, similarity, invite comparison
� Show process and causality � Separate and layer ◦ stratify, order, relate
� Use color effectively ◦ highlight, distinguish, show selection
� Avoid extraneous “junk” components that add cluZer and confusion ◦ information overload, disruptive with no purpose, “above all, do no harm”
Some Principles for Viz Design
Infographic Advertising from Honda
� Informative / Aesthetic � Dynamic / Static � Interactivity � Appropriateness given data, domain, application � Alternative sensory inputs � Social visualization & transparency, ambiguity, behavior
Considerations and Choices
Baby Name Voyager
Facebook Friend Wheel
� Schneiderman: "ʺStatistics alone are dangerous and they hide a lot” ◦ Viz can help reveal problems otherwise hard to detect
� Heer: Important we also uncover, assess, and verify a visualization’s credibility ◦ Provide interactivity and feedback
� Tufte: “Graphical integrity” � Lie Factor & exaggeration � Careful of size, area, volume, perspective, baseline, context � Distortion ever useful?
Truth in Visualization
Misleading Graphics
Stock Market Crash?!
Show full scale
Show context
� Values and goals � Good, bad, interesting, effective, informative, overly complicated, visually appealing?
� Appropriate graphical representation for the data? � Who are the users? � Accessibility � Methods of evaluation � Testing designs with people
Evaluating Visualizations
Treemap
US Presidential Speeches Tag Cloud
isbarackobamathepresident.com
Oakland Crimespotting
hZp://oakland.crimespoZing.org/
� hZp://visual.ly/ ◦ Info graphics & data viz centered community ◦ Search and explore visualizations for information and inspiration, set up a portfolio of your own work to share, and follow and connect with other designers ◦ Offers blog with posts about trends, tools, tips, opportunities, and stories
� hZp://www.visualizing.org/ ◦ View a gallery of visualizations or upload and showcase your own ◦ Enter challenges to create visualizations from a given dataset. New challenges open up all the time: hZp://www.visualizing.org/contests/visualize-‐‑us-‐‑election
� hZp://www.google.com/publicdata/directory ◦ Google'ʹs visualization engine that offers an online tool to interactively explore and visualize data. ◦ Use public datasets from around the world or upload your own data
� hZp://www.informationisbeautiful.net/ � hZp://www.coolinfographics.com/ � hZp://infosthetics.com/
Additional Resources