Influence of Gibberellic Acid (GA3) on Fruit Quality of ... · Influ (GA Swe Joh Unive Simco Tel...

Influ(GA(GASweJohJohUniveSimcoTel 5Tel: 5Jcline

Orchard and Vineyard Show, Traverse City, M

uence of Gibberellic Acid A3) on Fruit Quality ofA3) on Fruit Quality of eet Cherriesn Clinen Clineersity of Guelph, oe & Vineland Campuses

519 426 7127 E t 331519-426-7127 Ext [email protected]

MI – Jan 21-22, 200911

Presentation OutlinePresentation Outline IntroductionHistorical perspective of gibberellic acid (GA) use increase the firmness of sincrease the firmness of scherriesCurrent labeled products recommendationsrecommendationsOther effects of GAData from OntarioData from Ontario


sweetsweet

and

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University of Guelph -RResearc


- Simcoe and Vineland h St tih Stations

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Major Fruit Producing Are


eas of Ontario (Source: OMAF)

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4

PGR Responses

A i Cell enlargement ApAuxin Cell enlargement, ApRooting promotion, Fdrop prevention

Gibb lli Fi ll lGibberrellin Firmness, cell enlargseedlessness, causeinduction, flower redbreak dormancy Incbreak dormancy, Incgermination, delay omodify sex expressio

C t ki i Cell division CounteCytokinin Cell division, Countedominance, Branchinsenescence, Cause

Ethylene Ripening agent, Cauabscission, Promote

Abscisic Acid Promotes leaf & fruit


Abscisic AcidRegulates dormancyControls hydric statuopening control

pical dominance

Slide courtesy of Dr. Greg Clarke

pical dominance, Fruit thinning, Fruit

tgement, e fruit set, flower uction (thinnig), rease seedrease seed f senescence, oneract apicaleract apical ng agent, Delay of fruit abscission

uses leaf & fruit s radical growth

t abscission,

MI – Jan 21-22, 200955

,y in perennials, us through stomata

Dr. Silvan Witwer

197197Dr. Ed Proebsting of WSU gwas one of the first to report on the use of GA on sweet cherries to delay maturity andcherries to delay maturity and improve quality (firmness) (Proebsting, 1972 WSU Extension Multilith 3520)


70’70’s

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Function Products Avai

1. Inhibit Flowering GA3, GA4, GA

2. Promote Flowering Ethrel, NAA3 Influence fruit ripening GA3 GA4 GA3. Influence fruit ripening

and qualityGA3, GA4, GARetain

4. Fruit thinning Carbaryl*, NAS f t tSurfactants,

5. Influence ethylene synthesis

Ethrel, MCP, Ry

6. Fruit finish GA, Koalin Cl7. Change fruit shape Benzyl adenin8. Reduce Preharvest

dropNAA, ReTain

9 Reduce Vegetative ApogeeOrchard and Vineyard Show, Traverse City, M

9. Reduce Vegetativegrowth

Apogee

* - these products are not plant growth regulators

ilable Research Experience

A7 Apples, Peaches, Ch iCherriesApple

A7 Ethrel Cherries Apples PeachA7, Ethrel, Cherries, Apples, Peach

AA, BA, Apple, Peach

ReTain Apple, Peach

lay* Apple, ne (BA) Apple

Apple, Peach

Apple PeachMI – Jan 21-22, 2009

77Apple, Peach

Use PatternUse PatternTiming:

L t t II it h d i (t l• Late stage II, pit hardening (translucencolour)

• Use sufficient water volume to ensure t

Concentration• 42 – 126 ppm GA3 (16-48 grams ai/ac• [$61 - $183/acre; 100 gallons/acre][$61 $183/acre; 100 gallons/acre]

Other Effects/Precautions• Avoid overdosing lower canopy

A id ll / ld d• Avoid unusually warm/cold days• Less effective on early ripening cultivars• Excessive concentrations can reduce return


t t tt green to straw

thorough wetting

re)

n bloom

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Benefits of GA on sweBenefits of GA on sweGA has been shown to:• Improve fruit firmness• Increase soluble solids• Increase fruit weight• delay fruit maturity by 3-5 days

G t• Greener stems• Improved storage life• results on reducing rain-induced• results on reducing rain-induced

[Drake et al, 1978, Facteau, 1989, Looney and


et cherrieset cherries

fruit cracking are contradictoryfruit cracking are contradictory

d Lidster, 1980, Proebsting et al, 1973]

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Mechanism by which GMechanism by which G

Various (100+) isomers of GAVarious (100 ) isomers of GA naturally exist in plantsCommercially registered GA

Gcontains isomer GA3 that is very active in woody plant species including sweet cherriesgDelays maturity and influence ripening enzyme activity and f tifunction(GA4 and GA7 are used in apples)


GA affects cherriesGA affects cherries

MI – Jan 21-22, 20091010

Materials andMaterials and Plant Material

19-Yr old Terhanivee, Van6.5 x 7.5m free standingS li d b h dSprays applied by handgun

Treatments1 Untreated1. Untreated2. Activol (20 mg/L GA3)3. ProGibb (20 mg/L GA3)( g 3)4. MaxCell (50 mg/L 6-BA) ap5. Treatment 3 & 4


Methods 2004Methods - 2004

dalay

t d in to drip

pplied twice

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Fl h fi dFlesh firmness was measured oFruit texture Analyzer Model GS3 mm probe depth of 1mm (did


3 mm probe, depth of 1mm (did

25 f it 2 idon 25 fruit , 2 sidesS-14, GÜSS, South Africad not penetrate skin)

MI – Jan 21-22, 2009

d not penetrate skin)1212

FirmnesFirmnesTehranivee

a

0.15

0.20

0.25

mne

ss (k

g)

a bbcc

0.00

0.05

0.10

Untreated Activol Progibb MaxCell MaxCell +P ibb

Frui

t firm

Activol increased firmness of TeP ibb i d fi f b

Progibb

Progibb increased firmness of bFruit firmness was unaffected bCombination of Progibb and Ma


Combination of Progibb and Ma

s Resultss ResultsVandalay

b

0.15

0.20

0.25

irm

ness

(kg) abc c c

0.00

0.05

0.10

Untreated Activol Progibb MaxCell MaxCell +

Mea

n fr

uit f

i

erhanivee, but not Vanadalayb th lti

Progibb

both cultivarsby Maxcel axcel similar to Progibb alone

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axcel similar to Progibb alone1313

Fruit WeigFruit WeigTehranivee

aa

aa

a

8

8.5

9

9.5

uit w

eigh

t (g)

aa

aaa

7

7.5

8

Untreated Activol Progibb MaxCell MaxCell +Progibb

Mea

n fr

u

No significant treatment effect oF it i bl d t tFruit was variable and treatmen


ght Resultsght ResultsVandalay

8

8.5

9

9.5

uit w

eigh

t (g) ab

a

abab b

7

7.5

8


Mea

n fr

u b

g

on fruit weight t ff t i i t tnt effects were inconsistent

MI – Jan 21-22, 20091414

Fruit Colour (1st harvFruit Colour (1st harvTehranivee

25303540

r L

valu

e ca a b b

05

101520


Frui

t col

our


All treatments delayed colour dcomparison with untreated controcomparison with untreated contro

Activol and Progibb were less edevelopment of Vandalay.


vest)vest)Vandalayy

25303540

r L

valu

e abb c b

05

101520


Frui

t col

our


evelopment of Terhanivee in olsolseffect in delaying colour

MI – Jan 21-22, 2009

Fruit Crackingg

No significant treatmentNo significant treatment effect on:

Fruit crackinggMarketable fruit

Orchard and Vineyard Show, Traverse City, MMI – Jan 21-22, 2009

20032003


3 Data3 Data

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Fruit FFruit FTehranivee

0 200.250.300.350.40

ness

(kg) b

a a aa

0.000.050.100.150.20


Frui

t firm

n

GA resulted in significantly firm


No effect of MaxcelTehranivee (later cv.) more resp


irmnessirmnessVandalay

0 200.250.300.350.40

ness

(kg)

abbc

a

0.000.050.100.150.20


Frui

t firm

ner fruit


ponsive to GA3 than Vandalay

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Fruit WFruit WTehranivee

6789

10

Wei

ght (

g)

aa

aa

a

012345

Mea

n Fr

uit W


in 2003 GA did not influence frin 2003, GA did not influence fr


WeightWeightVandalay

6789

10

eigh

t (g)

aaa

aa

012345

Mea

n fru

it w


ruit weight of either cultivarruit weight of either cultivar

MI – Jan 21-22, 20091919

1919

20072007


7 Data7 Data

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GA3 (mg/L) Timing Fomulation

Table 1. Effect of giberillic acid treatment on fruit colour

g

Untreated - -20 straw colour Progibb 40%40 straw colour Progibb 40%80 straw colour Progibb 40%20 10 prior to straw colour Progibb 40%20 straw colour + 10 days prior Progibb 40%20 straw colour Progibb 4%40 t l P ibb 4%40 straw colour Progibb 4%Significancez

LSD (p=0.05)P value

Untreated - -20 straw colour Progibb 40%40 straw colour Progibb 40%80 straw colour Progibb 40%20 10 prior to straw colour Progibb 40%20 straw colour + 10 days prior Progibb 40%20 straw colour Progibb 4%40 straw colour Progibb 4%Si ifi z


Significancez

LSD (p=0.05)P value3 mm probe

Firmness (kg)z

Colour L value

(lightness)Mean fruit weight (g) Brix (o)

and firmness of 'Hedelfingen' cherries. Vineland, 2007.

0.16 c 31.5 d 7.6 16.30.18 b 34.7 b 7.5 17.80.19 a 34.5 b 7.7 17.9

1st pick (July 11)

0.20 a 35.3 a 6.3 16.20.18 b 33.5 c 7.3 17.00.17 b 34.8 ab 6.9 15.90.17 b 33.0 c 7.3 17.10 18 b 35 0 b 6 3 16 00.18 b 35.0 ab 6.3 16.0*** *** ns ns

0.01 0.5 2.8 2.0< 0.0001 < 0.0001 0.7524 0.7112

2nd pick (July 18)0.10 e 31.0 d 8.9 abc 17.10.18 a 31.3 d 10.0 a 15.00.17 a 32.1 bc 8.2 bcd 18.60.16 b 32.3 bc 8.8 abc 16.7

2nd pick (July 18)

0.13 d 32.4 b 9.3 ab 18.80.14 c 33.2 a 7.9 bcd 15.90.13 d 31.8 c 7.7 cd 17.30.12 d 33.2 a 7.0 d 14.4*** *** *

MI – Jan 21-22, 20092121

*** *** * ns0.01 0.5 1.6 3.3

< 0.0001 < 0.0001 0.0154 0.1115

A - July 11th Harvest1.8

2.0 2007

1.4

1.6

ess

(N)

0.0

1.0

1.2

B - July 18th HarvestFirm

ne

1 6

1.8

2.0

1.2

1.4

1.6

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

0.0

1.0


1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

A - July 15th Harvest1.8

2.0 2008

1.4

1.6

ess

(N)

0.0

1.0

1.2

B - July 22th HarvestFirm

ne

1 6

1.8

2.0

1.2

1.4

1.6

22221 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

0.0

1.0

MI – Jan 21-22, 2009

22221 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

‘H d lfi ’ f it J‘Hedelfingen’ fruits on Ju


l 11th 2007 (1st h t)uly 11th 2007 (1st harvest)

MI – Jan 21-22, 20092323

S f Gibb lli A idSummary of Gibberellic Acid

Progibb has consistently inhas typically delayed harveEff t f it d lEffects on fruit red colour aInconsistent treatment effesolids and rain crackingsolids, and rain crackingProgibb 40% was more effenhancing fruit firmness ang


S t Ch iuse on Sweet Cherries…

ncreased fruit firmness and est 3-5 dayst h t h b i lat harvest have been marginal

ects on fruit weight, soluble

fective than Progibb 4% in nd size

MI – Jan 21-22, 20092424

Further Info

The MSU Fruit ManagemCrop Protection Guide for TrCrop Protection Guide for Tr

• NY Fruit Produ


ormation

ment Guide- E-0154ree Fruits in Washingtonree Fruits in Washingtonuction Guide

MI – Jan 21-22, 20092525

Growth Regulator InforGrowth Regulator Infor

PGR Use onPGR Use on Sweet and Tart CherriesCherriesUpdated Thinning

d PGRand PGR Information


rmaionrmaion

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http://www plant uhttp://www.plant.u


oguelph ca/treefruitoguelph.ca/treefruit

MI – Jan 21-22, 2009

AcknowleAcknowle

Debbie NortonSummer studentsVineland Farm Crew


edgementsedgements

MI – Jan 21-22, 20092828

Influence of Gibberellic Acid (GA3) on Fruit Quality of ... · Influ (GA Swe Joh Unive Simco Tel...

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