Effect of Gibberellic acid, Active dry yeast and

Bunch trimming treatments on physical and

chemical characteristics of Williams banana fruit.

BY

Ahmed Abd El-Hady Rashedy Hemeed

B. SC. Horticulture Science, Faculty of Agriculture

Cairo University

٢٠٠١

Thesis

Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the

Degree of Master of ScienceIn

Agriculture Science

(Pomology)

Pomology Department

Faculty of Agriculture

Cairo University

٢٠٠٦

Effect of Gibberellic acid, Active dry yeast and Bunch

trimming treatments on physical and chemical

characteristics of Williams banana fruit.

BY

Ahmed Abd El-Hady Rashedy HemeedB. SC. Horticulture Science, Faculty of Agriculture

Cairo University,

ThesisSubmitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement

for the degree of master of Science

Supervision Committee:

Dr. Hussein Taher MehannaProfessor of Pomology,Faculty of Agriculture,

Cairo University

Dr. Ahmed Ali El-EzabyAssistant Professor of Pomology, Faculty of Agriculture,

Cairo University

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The author wishes to express his deepest gratitude and appreciation to

Prof. Dr. Hussein Taher Mehanna, Professor of Pomology, Fac. Agric.

Cairo Univ. For suggesting the problem, keeping interest and encouragement

throughout the whole work and sincere concern for supervising the study.

Sincere thanks and grateful appreciation to prof. Dr. Ahmed Ali

El-Ezaby, Assistant professor of Pomology, Fac. Agric. Cairo Univ. for his

helpful suggestion, valuable assistance which contributed greatly to this work.

Grateful appreciation and indebtedness are affined to Dr. Mohamed

Reda Barakat, Professor of Pomology, Fac. Agric., Cairo Univ. for his valuable

guidance and giving the facilities for the field investigation.

Sincere thanks to all members of department, who helped me in many

ways to make this possible.

FIRST AND FOREVER ULTIMATE THANKS ARE

DUE TO ALLAH, WHO WITHOUT HIS AID THIS

WORK COULD BE NOT DONE.

TO MY DEARS

FAMILY AND FRIENDS

تأثیر المعاملة بكل من الجبرالین والخمیرة الجافة النشطة وإزالة الكفوف على

الصفات الطبیعیة والكیمیائیة لثمار الموز الولیامز

رسالة مقدمة من

أحمد عبد الھادى رشیدى حمید

)٢٠٠١(بساتین الفاكھة –بكالوریوس فى العلوم الزراعیة

جامعة القاھرة–كلیة الزراعة

حصول على درجة الماجستیر لل

تین الفاكھةقسم بسا–فى العلوم الزراعیة

كلیة الزراعة

جامعة القاھرة

٢٠٠٦

تأثیر المعاملة بكل من الجبرالین والخمیرة الجافة النشطة وإزالة الكفوف على الصفات

الطبیعیة والكیمیائیة لثمار الموز الولیامز

رسالة مقدمة من

رشیدى حمیدأحمد عبد الھادى

)٢٠٠١(بساتین الفاكھة –بكالوریوس فى العلوم الزراعیة

جامعة القاھرة–كلیة الزراعة

العلوم الزراعیةىالماجستیر فللحصول على درجة

جامعة القاھرة-كلیة الزراعة-ین الفاكھةقسم بسات

:نة الإشرافجل

حسین طاھر مھنا. / د.أ- ١

.جامعة القاھرة–كلیة الزراعة –أستاذ الفاكھة

أحمد على على العزبى. / م.أ- ٢

.جامعة القاھرة–كلیة الزراعة –أستاذ الفاكھة المساعد

CONTENTS Page

INTRODUCTION ……………………………………………………………………

REVIEW OF LITERATURE ……………………………………………………………

MATERIALS AND METHODS ………………………………………………………

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION …………………………………………………..

١٫١.Physical Characteristics……………………………………………………..

١٫١٫١.Bunch Weight…………………………………………………….

١٫١٫٢. Fuit volume……………………………………………………..

١٫١٫٣. Fruit Diameter ……………………………………………..

١٫١٫٤. Fruit Length…………………………………………………………

١٫١٫٥. Fruit Pulp\Peel ratio………………………………………………..

١٫١٫٦. Angulation Percent and Fruit Maturity………………………………

١٫٢. Chemical Characteristics…………………………………………………

١٫٢٫١. Fruit Total Soluble Solids Content…………………………………

١٫٢٫٢. Fruit Total Sugars Content ………………………………………

١٫٢٫٣. Fruit Total Acidity Content…………………………………….

١٫٢٫٤. Fruit Total Chlorophyll and Carotene Content……………….

SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION……………………………………………

LITERATURE CITED…………………………………………………………

ARABIC SAMMARY…………………………………………………..

SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION

بسم االله الرحمن الرحیم

ا علمتناـإلا مانك لا علم لناـقالوا سبح"

"یمــــــیم الحكـــــــنك أنت العلا

صدق االله العظیم

Table (١): Effect of GA٣, active dry yeast and bunch trimming treatments on bunchweight (kg / plant)of Williams banana cv. through two seasons (٢٠٠٣ and ٢٠٠٤).

Second season٢٠٠٤

First season٢٠٠٣Treatments

٣١٫١٧٢٧٫٨٧Control٣١.٦٧٢٦٫٤٣GA٣ ٥٠ B٣٢٫٨٣٣٠٫٠٠GA٣ ٥٠ D٣٣٫٥٠٣١٫٩٠*GA٣ ١٠٠ B٣٣٫١٧٢٩٫١٠GA٣ ١٠٠ D٣٢٫٩٢٢٨٫٤٣GA٣ ٢٠٠ B٣٣٫٣٣٢٨٫٠٣GA٣ ٢٠٠ D٣٢٫٤٢-GA٣ ١٠٠ R B٣٢٫٥٨-GA٣ ١٠٠ R D٣١٫٢٥٢٦٫٧٠Yeast ٠٫١٪ B٣٢٫١٧٢٦٫٣٠Yeast ٠٫١٪ D٣٢٫٨٣٢٨.٠٠Yeast ٠٫٥٪ B٣١٫١٧٢٦٫١٠Yeast ٠٫٥٪ D٣٣٫٢٥٣٠٫٠٠Yeast ١٪ B٣٠٫٨٣٣١٫٦٣*Yeast ١٪ D٣٤٫٠٨-R

٣٥٫٥٠*-R + ١ Hand٣٠٫٥٠-R + ٢ Hand٣٢٫٣٣-Yeast ٠٫١٪ S.B٣١٫٤٢-Yeast ٠٫٥٪ S.B٣٢٫٠٠-Yeast ١٪ S.B٣٣٫٢٥-Yeast ٠٫١٪ S.H

٣٤٫٥٠*-Yeast ٠٫٥% S.H٣١٫٤٢-Yeast ١٪ S.H٣٫٢٠٧٣٫٣٩٦L.S.D.

B Bunch sprayed once, at bunch emergence.D Bunches sprayed twice, at bunch emergence and one month later.S.B. Soil application four times (one week intervals) at bunch emergence.S.H Soil application four times (one week intervals) one month before harvest.R removal of male bud just after bunch emergence.- Treatment did not carry out in the first season* Significant increase.

Table (٢): Effect of GA٣, active dry yeast and bunch trimming treatments on fruit weight(gm) of Williams banana cv. through two seasons (٢٠٠٣ and ٢٠٠٤).

Second season٢٠٠٤

First season٢٠٠٣Treatments

١٠٨٫٩١٢٥٫٣Control١٢٥٫٩*١١٧٫٧GA٣ ٥٠ B١١٥٫٧١٣٢٫٦*GA٣ ٥٠ D١٣٦٫٩*١٢١٫٧*GA٣ ١٠٠ B١١٢٫٦١٢٣٫٩GA٣ ١٠٠ D١١٥٫٤١٠٢٫١GA٣ ٢٠٠ B١١٠٫٥١١٢٫٨GA٣ ٢٠٠ D١١٤٫٣-GA٣ ١٠٠ R B١٢٠٫٣*-GA٣ ١٠٠ R D١٠٧٫٦١١٤٫٥Yeast ٠٫١٪ B٩٩٫٤٨١٠٧٫٧Yeast ٠٫١٪ D١١٣٫٧*١٢١٫٠Yeast ٠٫٥٪ B١٠٩٫٠*١٢٦٫٠Yeast ٠٫٥٪ D١١٤٫٧*١٢٦٫٣Yeast ١٪ B١١٠٫٠١١٧٫٥Yeast ١٪ D١١٤٫٦-R١٢٣٫١*-R + ١ Hand١٣٨٫٤*-R + ٢ Hand١٢٢٫٦*-Yeast ٠٫١٪ S.B١١٢٫٣-Yeast ٠٫٥٪ S.B١٠٢٫٨-Yeast ١٪ S.B١٣١٫٠*-Yeast ٠٫١٪ S.H١٢٢٫٦*-Yeast ٠٫٥٪ S.H١٠٩٫٥-Yeast ١٪ S.H٦٫٨٢٥٦٫٨٢٤L.S.D.

B Bunch sprayed once, at bunch emergence.D Bunches sprayed twice, at bunch emergence and one month later.S.B. Soil application four times (one week intervals) at bunch emergence.S.H Soil application four times (one week intervals) one month before harvest.R removal of male bud just after bunch emergence.-Treatment did not carry out in the first season* significant increase.

Table (٣): Effect of GA٣, active dry yeast and bunch trimming treatments on fruit volume(cm٣) of Williams banana cv. through two seasons (٢٠٠٣ and ٢٠٠٤).

Second season٢٠٠٤

First season٢٠٠٣Treatments

١١١٫٧١٢٧٫٩Control١٢٨٫٤*١٢٠٫٧GA٣ ٥٠ B١٣٥٫٥*١١٩٫٣*GA٣ ٥٠ D١٣٩٫٧*١٢٤٫٢*GA٣ ١٠٠ B١١٤٫٠١٢٦٫٨GA٣ ١٠٠ D١١٧٫٥١٠٤٫٢GA٣ ٢٠٠ B١١٢٫٦١١٤٫٧GA٣ ٢٠٠ D١١٥٫٩-GA٣ ١٠٠ R B١٢٤٫٥*-GA٣ ١٠٠ R D١١٠٫٠١١٧٫١Yeast ٠٫١٪ B١٠٣٫٥١١٠٫٣Yeast ٠٫١٪ D١١٦٫٥*١٢٤٫١Yeast ٠٫٥٪ B١١١٫٥*١٢٧٫٧Yeast ٠٫٥٪ D١١٧٫٧*١٣٠٫٠Yeast ١٪ B١١٢٫٦١٢٠٫٧Yeast ١٪ D١١٥٫٩-R

١٢٦٫٥*-R + ١ Hand١٤٢٫٣*-R + ٢ Hand١٢٥٫٠*-Yeast ٠٫١٪ S.B١١٥٫٢-Yeast ٠٫٥٪ S.B١٠٥٫٥-Yeast ١٪ S.B١٣٤٫٢*-Yeast ٠٫١٪ S.H١٢٥٫٨*-Yeast ٠٫٥٪ S.H١١٢٫٧-Yeast ١٪ S.H٦٫٦٧٠٦٫٧٨٩L.S.D.

B Bunch sprayed once, at bunch emergence.D Bunches sprayed twice, at bunch emergence and one month later.S.B. Soil application four times (one week intervals) at bunch emergence.S.H Soil application four times (one week intervals) one month before harvest.R removal of male bud just after bunch emergence.- Treatment did not carry out in the first season* significant increase.

Table (٥):Effect of GA٣, active dry yeast and bunch trimming treatments on fruitLength (cm) of Williams banana cv. through two seasons (٢٠٠٣ and ٢٠٠٤).

SECOND SEASON٢٠٠٤

FIRST SEASON٢٠٠٣Treatments

٢٠٫٠٠٢٠٫٢٨Control٢٠٫٧٥ *٢٠٫٦١GA٣ ٥٠ B٢٠٫٢٨٢١٫٢٥*GA٣ ٥٠ D٢١٫٣٩*٢٠٫٨٤*GA٣ ١٠٠ B٢٠٫٤٤*٢٠٫٧٧GA٣ ١٠٠ D٢٠٫٣٩١٩٫١٤GA٣ ٢٠٠ B١٨٫٧٢*٢٠٫٩٢GA٣ ٢٠٠ D١٩٫٨٣-GA٣ ١٠٠ R B٢١٫١٤*-GA٣ ١٠٠ R D٢٠٫٠٠١٩٫٦٤Yeast ٠٫١٪ B١٩٫٢٨١٩٫٦١Yeast ٠٫١% D٢٠٫٥٠١٩٫٨٣Yeast ٠٫٥٪ B١٩٫٠٨*٢٠٫٧٥Yeast ٠٫٥٪ D٢٠٫٥٧١٩٫٦١Yeast ١٪ B٢٠٫٥٠٢٠٫٣٦Yeast ١٪ D٢٠٫٥٨-R٢٠٫٦٧*-R + ١ Hand٢١٫٤٢*-R + ٢ Hand٢٠٫٦٧*-Yeast ٠٫١٪ S.B١٩٫٧٢-Yeast ٠٫٥٪ S.B١٩٫٦١-Yeast ١٪ S.B٢٠٫٩٢*-Yeast ٠٫١٪ S.H٢٠٫٦١-Yeast ٠٫٥٪ S.H١٩٫٨٣-Yeast ١٪ S.H

٠٫٦٢٣٧٠٫٨٨٢١L.S.D.

B Bunch sprayed once, at bunch emergence.D Bunches sprayed twice, at bunch emergence and one month later.S.B. Soil application four times (one week intervals) at bunch emergence.S.H Soil application four times (one week intervals) one month before harvest.R removal of male bud just after bunch emergence.-Treatment did not carry out in the first season.* Significant increase.

Table (٤): Effect of GA٣, active dry yeast and bunch trimming treatments on fruitDiameter (cm) of Williams banana cv. through two seasons (٢٠٠٣ and ٢٠٠٤).

Second season٢٠٠٤

First season٢٠٠٣Treatments

٣٫٤١٣٫٦٣Control٣٫٦٤*٣٫٥٣GA٣ ٥٠ B٣٫٣٤٣٫٧٢*GA٣ ٥٠ D٣٫٤٤٣٫٦٨*GA٣ ١٠٠ B٣٫٤٢٣٫٦٠GA٣ ١٠٠ D٣٫٤٥٣٫٥٦GA٣ ٢٠٠ B٣٫٣٤٣٫٥٠GA٣ ٢٠٠ D٣٫٤٠-GA٣ ١٠٠ R B٣٫٤٦-GA٣ ١٠٠ R D٣٫٢٧٣٫٤٧Yeast ٠٫١٪ B٣٫٢٢٣٫٢٩Yeast ٠٫١٪ D٣٫٤٩٣٫٤٦Yeast ٠٫٥٪ B٣٫٥٠*٣٫٥٠Yeast ٠٫٥٪ D٣٫٤٧*٣٫٥٥Yeast ١٪ B٣٫٣٥٣٫٤٩Yeast ١٪ D٣٫٤٧-R٣٫٤٥-R+ ١ Hand٣٫٦٦*-R + ٢ Hand٣٫٤٣-Yeast ٠٫١٪ S.B٣٫٣٥-Yeast ٠٫٥٪ S.B٣٫٢٩-Yeast ١٪ S.B٣٫٥٩*-Yeast ٠٫١٪ S.H٣٫٥٦*-Yeast ٠٫٥٪ S.H٣٫٣٣-Yeast ١٪ S.H

٠٫٠٩٠٠٢٠٫٠٥٣٢٩L.S.D.

B Bunch sprayed once, at bunch emergence.D Bunches sprayed twice, at bunch emergence and one month later.

S.B. Soil application four times (one week intervals) at bunch emergence.S.H Soil application four times (one week intervals) one month before harvest.R removal of male bud just after bunch emergence.- Treatment did not carry out in the first season* Significant increase.

Table (٦): Effect of GA٣, active dry yeast and bunch trimming treatments on fruit pulp \peel ratio of Williams banana cv. through two seasons (٢٠٠٣ and ٢٠٠٤).

Second season٢٠٠٤

First season٢٠٠٣Treatments

١٫٩٣٢٫٤٩Control١٫٩٣١٫٨١GA٣ ٥٠ B١٫٧٥٢٫٥٧GA٣ ٥٠ D١٫٩٥١٫٩١GA٣ ١٠٠ B١٫٩٤٢٫٥٧GA٣ ١٠٠ D٢٫٠٠٢٫٢٧GA٣ ٢٠٠ B١٫٧٩٢٫٣٥GA٣ ٢٠٠ D١٫٩٠-GA٣ ١٠٠ R B١٫٧٧-GA٣ ١٠٠ R D١٫٨٠١٫٩٩Yeast ٠٫١٪ B١٫٩٥٢٫٠٤Yeast ٠٫١٪ D٢٫٠٤٢٫٣٢Yeast ٠٫٥٪ B١٫٧٦٢٫٥٥Yeast ٠٫٥٪ D١٫٨٥٢٫٠٨Yeast ١٪ B١٫٨٢١٫٨٩Yeast ١٪ D١٫٨٢-R٢٫٠٠-R + ١ Hand٢٫٠٩-R+ ٢ Hand١٫٩١-Yeast ٠٫١٪ S.B١٫٨٢-Yeast ٠٫٥٪ S.B١٫٩٣-Yeast ١٪ S.B١٫٧٨-Yeast ٠٫١٪ S.H١٫٨٧-Yeast ٠٫٥٪ S.H١٫٨٤-Yeast ١٪ S.H

٠٫١٨٠٠٠٫٣٤١٢L.S.D.

B Bunch sprayed once, at bunch emergence.D Bunches sprayed twice, at bunch emergence and one month later.S.B. Soil application four times (one week intervals) at bunch emergence.S.H Soil application four times (one week intervals) one month before harvest.R removal of male bud just after bunch emergence.- Treatment did not carry out in the first season