Industrial RevolutionVocabulary Terms

Industrial Revolution

was the era in which a change from household (cottage) industries to factory production using powered

machinery took place

1.

natural resource

material supplied by nature

(like water or coal)

2.

free enterprise

people are free to buy, sell, own, and produce products as well as work wherever they choose, as the government has limited

control over the economy

3.

technology

scientific discoveries that simplify work

4.

innovation something new or

different

5.

patent official document giving an inventor

the sole legal right to an invention and its profits for a certain period of time

6.

cotton gin

an invention by Eli Whitney that sped up the cleaning of cotton

fibers and in effect, increased the need for slaves

7.

Lowell Mills

factories owned by Frances Lowell in Massachusetts that employed mostly

young immigrant girls to work in difficult conditions for long hours and

low wages

8.

interchangeable parts

identical machine parts that could be quickly put together to make a

complete product; allowed for mass production

9.

mass production

the manufacture of goods in large quantities

10.

textile

cloth or fabric

11.

urbanization

the growth of cities and towns

12.

census

the counting of the population; happens every 10 years in US

13.

steamboat

development by Robert Fulton that revolutionized

transportation and trade along rivers in the United States

14.

sectionalism

a strong sense of loyalty to a state or section instead of to the

whole country

15.

protective tariff

a tax on goods from another country which is designed to get people to buy products made in

their OWN country and not to buy imported goods – this would “protect” American industry

16.

Robert Fultongiven credit for creating the first

steamboat – speeds up transportation 17.

Samuel Morse invents the telegraph in 1844,

speeds up communication

18.

John Deere invents a lightweight plow with

a steel cutting edge in 183619.

Cyrus McCormick invented a grain reaper in

1834, making harvest faster and easier 20.

John C. CalhounSouth Carolina Congressman and Senator who spoke for the South before and during the Civil War

21.

Daniel Webster

Massachusetts Congressman and Senator who spoke for the North and the preservation of the Union

22.

Henry Clay

powerful Kentucky Congressman and Senator who proposed the American System and the Compromise of 1850; known as the “Great Compromiser”

23.

James Monroe

author of the Monroe Doctrine, which shut down the western hemisphere to

European expansion or interference

24.