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Industrial hazards BY Muhammad Fahad Ansari 12IEEM14
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Transcript of Industrial hazards BY Muhammad Fahad Ansari 12IEEM14
Industrial hazards…?BY
Muhammad Fahad Ansari 12IEEM14
“An accident often causing serious injury that is job related in that it usually happened on a work site such as a factory floor or construction sites.”
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Released Components of an industry
waste
Raw materials
SO2
CO2
Hg
BOD
water
energy
VOCs
noise
odour
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Main Compounds Carbon monoxide: CO Carbon dioxide: CO2
Nitrogen oxides: NOx/NO2
Sulphur oxides: SOx/SO2
Particulate Matter: PM10
Trace compounds Heavy metals such as Hg, Cd. Dioxins
More than 3,000 people die every day because of the work they do for a living
2 million global work related fatalities every year (estimated for year 2000)*
250 million accidents per year worldwide 160 million diseases are caused by people’s jobs World economic losses are equal to 4% of world wide
R.Sangwan
Impact of Occupational Injuries and DiseasesImpact of Occupational Injuries and Diseases
• 36 Injuries/minute
• 5 Million/year
• 90,000 Fatal injuries/year
• 300 Deaths/day
• 9%-12% of GDP in LAC
Pan American Health Organization
E. R. Vaidogas, Lectures on OSH 6
The problem of industrial safety 8/11
BP accident in Texas City
* Richard Gowland (ETPIS Chairman), 1st ETPIS Mirror Group Meeting, European Council, March 2007, Brussels
15 workers killed 170 people injured Extensive damage to the plant and nearby town
Dailly Telegraph 2007 02 12, “Funds turn screw” A group of 39 UK public sector pension funds are turning the screw on BP over the oil major’s safety failures. The Local Authority Person Fund Forum whose members have over 70
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Risk at Fertiliser Units…
Chemicals Involved
Ammonia
Urea – Strong oxidizer, promotes explosive
reaction with organic materials.
Ammonium Nitrate – Strong oxidant that
reacts with combustible and reducing
material.
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Risk at Fertiliser Units
Criticalities
Ammonia - Methamphetamines' (Illegal Drug)
Urea – As explosive
Ammonium Nitrate – A typical Explosive
Ammonia alone is used in about 1/3rd
of all Risk Management Program
chemical Process
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Risk in Fertilizer Units
Natural Gas
Naphtha
Ammonia
Other highly flammable gases viz. Carbon mono-
oxide, Methane and Hydrogen
Chemicals Handled in Ammonia-Urea Plants
Basic Electrical Safety
Have You Ever Been Shocked?
THE BASICS
Fundamentals of Electrical HazardsFundamentals of Electrical Hazards
Basic Electrical Safety
More than 3 mapainful shock
More than 10 mamuscle contraction “no-let-go” danger
More than 30 malung paralysis- usually temporary
More than 50 mapossible ventricular fib. (heart dysfunction, usually fatal)
100 ma to 4 ampscertain ventricular fibrillation, fatal
Over 4 ampsheart paralysis; severe burns. Usually caused by >600 volts
Fundamentals of Electrical HazardsFundamentals of Electrical Hazards
“ Present activities has outpaced the nature’s capacity to purify it
and sustain its intrinsic strength”.
The Bhopal disaster or Bhopal gas tragedy was an industrial disaster that took place at a Union Carbide pesticide plant in the Indian city of Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh. At midnight on 3 December 1984, the plant released an estimated 42 tonnes of toxic methyl isocyanate (MIC) gas, exposing more than 500,000 people to MIC and other chemicals. The first official immediate death toll was 2,259. The government of Madhya Pradesh has confirmed a total of 3,787 deaths related to the gas release. Others estimate 8,000-10,000 died within 72 hours and 25,000 have since died from gas-related diseases.
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Safety Accidents
Industrial Accidents
Reason Impact
Terra Industries Inc.
Port Neal, Iowa
Inadequate indication of
Process condition
Release of Ammonia.
More then 20 employees affected
Chernobyl Nuclear Plant,
Ukraine
Inadequate knowledge of
process as well as safety parameters
$ 200 Billion
More then 1 Lakh people affected
Bhopal Gas Tragedy, India
Negligence in safety
$ 500 Million
More then 20,000 people affectedOperator Performance plays a crucial role in Safe plant operation
To be cont……..
Unsafe Condition
Insufficient workspace lighting. Excessive noise. Slippery or unsafe floor. Extreme temperature exposer. Inadequate protection when working with hazardous
material. Unstable structure. Electrical problem. Machine malfunctioning or failure.
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Unsafe Acts
Actions or failure to act which result in injury. Employee negligence. Organizational Error.
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“Live as if you were to die tomorrow.
Learn as if you were to live forever.”
R.Sangwan
Safety in Industry
Safety in Industry Safety means protection of
Humans
Plants & Machinery
Surrounding Environment
Gains obtained by ignoring safety aspects are for short terms and not sustainable.
“Developing and providing Sustainable Technologies
results in Sustainable Development and improved
Profits.
Prevention
Works management should control major hazard installations by sound engineering and management practices.
good plant design, fabrication and installation, including the use of high-standard components.
regular plant maintenance; good plant operation; good management of safety on site; regular inspection of the installation, with repair
and replacement of components where necessary.R.Sangwan 20