Compounds , mixtures and collides by Muhammad Fahad Ansari 12IEEM14
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Transcript of Compounds , mixtures and collides by Muhammad Fahad Ansari 12IEEM14
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Compounds , Mixtures and Collides
Muhammad Fahad Ansari 12IEEM14
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3 KINDS OF MATTER
ElementsCompoundsMixtures
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Elements
All (living and nonliving) of the different kinds of matter in the universe is made from about 100 different substances, called elements.
Elements are called the building blocks of matter because all matter is composed of elements.
Each element is made up of the same type of atoms.
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Compounds
A compound is a substance made of two or more different kinds of elements chemically combined in a specific ratio.
Each compound is represented by a formula that uses symbols to identify which elements are present.
A formula shows the ratio of elements in the compound.
H2O – ratio of Hydrogen is 2:1 Oxygen
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The symbols make up the formula. A formula is just chemical shorthand for the compound.
The subscript lets us know how many atoms are present.
The coefficient lets us know how many molecules are present.
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CompoundsCompounds
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Molecules
A molecule is formed when two or more atoms join together chemically.
Diatomic molecules are made of two atoms of the same element.
Hydrogen – H2
Oxygen – O2
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What is the difference between a compound and a molecule?
A molecule is formed when two or more atoms join together chemically.
A compound is a molecule that contains at least two different elements.
All compounds are molecules but not all molecules are compounds.
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Molecular hydrogen (H2), molecular oxygen (O2) and molecular nitrogen (N2) are not compounds because each is composed of a single element.
Water (H2O), carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) are compounds because each is made from more than one element.
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Molecule
The smallest bit of each of these substances would be referred to as a molecule. For example, a single molecule of molecular hydrogen is made from two atoms of hydrogen.
A single molecule of water is made from two atoms of hydrogen and one atom of oxygen.
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Mixtures
Most matter in the universe is found in mixtures.
A mixture is made from two or more substances either elements, compounds or both - that are not chemically combined.
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Mixtures and compounds differ
in two ways…
Substances in a mixture keep their individual properties.
Parts of a mixture are not necessarily present in specific
ratios.
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Compound
A compound has properties different than the elements that make it up.
The parts of a compound are present in specific ratio’s.
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Compounds and Mixtures
Most of the matter around you is in the form of compounds or mixtures.
Water, carbon dioxide, salt, vinegar, baking soda, lye, sugar, gasoline, and bleach are all chemical compounds.
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Heterogeneous Mixture
A mixture in which different materials can be easily distinguished.
Pizza, dry soup, chex mix, trail mix are all examples.
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Solutions
Homogeneous mixture: is a substance in which two or more substances are uniformly spread out. For example salt water.
Solution is another term for homogeneous mixture.
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Solutions
Solute is the substance being dissolved.
Solvent is the substance that dissolves a solute.
Solubility is the amount of a substance (solute) that will dissolve in a solvent.
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Example
Salt water:
The water is the solvent
NaCl is the solute
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Colloids and Suspensions
A colloid is a heterogeneous mixture that like a solution never settles. Milk and smoke are examples.
One way to tell a colloid from a solution is because milk is appears white because its particles scatter light. Called the Tyndall Effect.
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Colloids
In a colloid the particles are mixed together but not dissolved.
The particles are relatively large and are kept permanently suspended.
0
20
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60
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1st
Qtr
2nd
Qtr
3rd
Qtr
4th
Qtr
East
West
North
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Colloids
A colloid will not separate upon standing.
The particles are constantly colliding, and this allows a colloid to scatter light – thus colloids often seem cloudy.
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suspension
A suspension is a heterogeneous mixture containing a liquid in which visible particles settle.
River water
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Kinetic theory of matter
The idea that all matter is made up of constantly moving tiny particles.
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