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INDUS VALLEY CIVILISATION



INDUS VALLEY CIVILISATION

Along with the Indus Valley Civilization their co-exist other civilization named Egyptian Civilization

– near Nile River

Mesopotamian civilization – near Tigris Euphrates River

Chinese Civilization and Indus Valley Civilization (Big in Size)

IMPORTANT FACTS OF INDUS VALLEY CIVILISATION

The Indus Valley Civilisation (IVC) or Harappan Civilisation was a Bronze Age civilisation (3300–

1300 BCE; mature period 2600–1900 BCE) mainly in the northwestern regions of South Asia,

extending from what today is northeast Afghanistan to Pakistan and northwest India. Along with

Ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia, it was one of three early cradles of civilisations of the Old World,

and of the three, the most widespread.

The Indus Valley Civilisation is also named the Harappan civilisation after Harappa, the first of its

sites to be excavated in the 1920s in what was then the Punjab province of British India and now

Pakistan



Indus Valley Sites

Harappa

Seals out of stones

Citadel outside on banks of river Ravi

Mohenjodaro

Great Bath, Great Granary, Dancing Girl, Man with Beard, Cotton, Assembly hall

Term means ” Mount of the dead”

On the bank of river Indus

Believed to have been destructed by flood or invasion (Destruction was not gradual).

Chanhudaro

Bank of Indus River. – discovered by Gopal Majumdar and Mackey (1931)

Pre-harappan culture – Jhangar Culture and Jhukar Culture

Only cite without citadel.

Kalibangan

At Rajasthan on the banks of river Ghaggar, discovered by A.Ghosh (1953)

Fire Altars

Bones of camel

Evidence of furrows

Horse remains (even though Indus valley people didn’t use horses).

Known as third capital of Indus Empire.

Lothal

At Gujarat near Bhogava river, discovered by S.R. Rao (1957)

Fire Altars

Beside the tributary of Sabarmati

Store house

Dockyard and earliest port

double burial

Rice husk

House had front entrance (exception).



Ropar

Punjab, on the banks of river Sutlej. Discovered by Y.D Sharma (1955)

Dog buried with humans.

Banawali

Haryana

On banks of lost river Saraswati

Barley Cultivation.

Dholavira

Biggest site in India, until the discovery of Rakhigarhi.

Located in Khadir Beyt, Rann of Kutch, Gujarat. Discovered by J.P Joshi/Rabindra Singh (1990)

3 parts + large open area for ceremonies

Large letters of the Harappan script (sign boards).

Site District Province/State Country Excavations/Findings

Alamgirpur Meerut

District Uttar Pradesh India Impression of cloth on trough

Banawali Fatehabad

District Haryana India

Barley, terracotta figure of

plough

Bhagatrav Bharuch

District Gujarat India




Chanhudaro Nawabshah

District Sindh Pakistan

Bead making factory, use

of lipstick, only Indus site

without a citadel

Daimabad Late

Harappan

Ahmadnagar

District Maharashtra India

A sculpture of a bronze chariot,

45 cm long and 16 cm wide,

yoked to two oxen, driven by a

man 16 cm high standing in it;

and three other bronze

sculptures.]Southernmost IVC

site

Dholavira Kutch District Gujarat India

Figure of chariot tied to a pair

of bullocks and driven by a

nude human, Water harvesting

and number of reservoirs, use

of rocks for constructions

Harappa Sahiwal

District Punjab Pakistan

Granaries, coffin burial, Lot of

artefacts, Important IVC Town,

First town which is Excavated

and studied in detail

Kalibangan Hanumangarh

District Rajasthan India

Baked/burnt bangles, fire

altars, Shiva Lingam, small

circular pits containing large

urns and accompanied by

pottery, bones of camel

Kot Diji Khairpur


Kuntasi Rajkot District Gujarat India Small port

Lothal Ahmedabad

District Gujarat India

Bead making factory,

dockyard, button seal, fire

altars, painted jar, earliest

cultivation of rice (1800 BC)

Manda, Jammu Jammu

District

Jammu &

Kashmir India

Northern Most Harappan site in

Himalayan foothill

Malwan Surat District Gujarat India Southernmost Harappan site in

India

Mandi Muzaffarnagar

district Uttar Pradesh India

Mehrgarh Kachi District Balochistan Pakistan Earliest agricultural community

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Indus_Valley_Civilisation_sites#cite_note-10




Mohenjo-Daro Larkana


Great Bath (the biggest bath

ghat), Great granary, Bronze

dancing girl, Bearded man,

terracotta toys, Bull seal,

Pashupati seal, three cylindrical

seals of the Mesopotamian

type, a piece of woven cloth

Mundigak Kandahar

Province Kandahar Afghanistan

Rakhigarhi Hisar District Haryana India

Terrecotta wheels, toys,

figurines, pottery. Large site,

partially excavated.

Rangpur Ahmedabad

District Gujarat India Seaport

Rupar Rupnagar

District Punjab India

Surkotada Kutch District Gujarat India Bones of a horse (only site)

Sutkagan Dor Makran Balochistan Pakistan Bangles of clay, Westernmost

known site of IVC

Which of the following was NOT found at Mohenjo-Daro?

[A] Seal of Pasupati

[B] Bronze figurine of dancing girl

[C] A piece of woven cloth

[D] Terracotta plough

Ans – d

The script of Harappan civilization was _______

[A]Khmer

[B]Devanagari

[C]Farsi

[D]Undeciphered

Ans – d

[1]Uniformity in the layout of towns, streets, structures and brick sizes,

[2]An elaborate and well laid out drainage system

[3]Granaries constituted an important part of Harappan cities.



Which of the above statement(s) is/are correct about Harappan civilization town planning?

[A] 1&2

[B]1&3

[C]2&3

[D]All of the above

Ans – d

Harappa was the first “Indus Valley Civilisation” site to be excavated. Who among the following

was associated with its excavation?

[A]Bannerji

[B]Rao

[C]Sahani

[D]Bisht

Ans - c

The Harappan civilisation belongs to which age?

[A]Neolithic age

[B]Mesolithic age

[C]Chalcolithic age

[D]Palaeolithicage

Ans – c

Which of the following pair of Harappan sites with their Location is INCORRECT?

[A]Mohenjo-Daro : Sindh, Pakistan

[B]Lothal: Gujarat, India

[C]Kalibangan: Rajasthan, India

[D]Banawali: Punjab, India

Ans – d

[1]Horse was used in day to day life

[2]People were not familiar with Iron

[3]Man and woman both were fond of grooming & accessories

Which of the above statement(s) about Harappan civilisation is/are correct?

[A]1& 2

[B]1&3

[C]2& 3

[D]All of the above

Ans – c



With which of the following civilisations, Harappans had external trade relations?

[A]Mesopotamian civilisation

[B]Crete civilisation

[C]Yellow river civilisation of China

[D]Mayan civilisation

Ans – a

Remains of Horse bones have been found from.

[a] Lothal

[b] Surkotada

[c] Kalibangan

[d] Dholavira

Ans – b

The script of Indus Valley people was __?

[A]Desi Script

[B]Pictographic Script

[C]Brahmi Script

[D]Kharosti Script

Ans – b

In the Indus Valley Civilisation(IVC) which among the following site has a unique water

harnessing system and its storm water drainage system?

[A]Dholavira

[B]Surkotada

[C]Daimabad

[D]Banawali

Ans – a

In the Indus Valley Civilization, Great Bath was found at which place?

[A]Mohenjodaro

[B]Harappa

[C]Rakhi Garhi

[D]Ropar

Ans – a

Who among the following is known as father of Indian Pre-History?

[A]Robert Bruce foot

[B]Sir William Jones

[C]E.J.H Mackey

[D]Sir John Marshall

Ans- a

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