BMT AbstractsInternational Maritime TechnologyVolume 70 Number 3 March 2015

Abstract Numbers 2015030501 – 2015030750

ISSN 2051-7793

BMT ABSTRACTS

Volume 70, Number 3, March 2015 Abstracts 2015030501-2015030750

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Abstracts 2015030501-2015030750 Volume 70 – No 3 – March 2015

CONTENTS

Page No.

1. DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION

1.1 Ship/structure description 186 1.2 Design 187 1.3 Shipbuilding technology/constructional techniques 201

2. OPERATION

2.1 Power sources and fuels 204 2.2 Equipment and installations 208 2.3 Maintenance, repair and conversion 211 2.4 Cargoes and cargo handling 212 2.5 Ports and waterways 213 2.6 Coastal/offshore engineering and marine renewable energy 214 2.7 Safety at sea 218 2.8 Environmental protection 222 2.9 General operation 223

3. FLUID MECHANICS

3.1 General hydrodynamics, hydraulics and oceanography 229 3.2 Resistance and propulsive performance 230 3.3 Motion, seakeeping and manoeuvring 240 3.4 Fluid structure interaction 249 3.5 Aerodynamics and wind engineering 263

4. STRUCTURES AND MATERIALS

4.1 Structural response 265 4.2 Properties of materials 273 4.3 Corrosion and fouling 276

5. NAVAL VESSELS AND DEFENCE TECHNOLOGY 276 6. MISCELLANEOUS 278

AUTHOR INDEX A-1 SHIP AND STRUCTURE INDEX S-1 KEYWORD INDEX K-1

1.1 SHIP/STRUCTURE DESCRIPTION

2015030501

Offshore lift ship is said to be ‘world’s largest’. The Motor Ship, v 95 n 1121, December 2014, p 42 [2 p, 4 fig] http://www.motorship.com/ Pike, D. English

The article describes PIETER SCHELTE, a platform installation/decommissioning and pipelay vessel built at the Daewoo shipyard in South Korea for Swiss based owner Allseas. Designed primarily for the removal of offshore oil structures the complex vessel has been under continuous development for the past 25 years. During this time it has gone through several design stages before emerging from the Daewoo Shipyard in South Korea as the world’s largest ship, capable of installing and removing offshore oil topside structures and jackets in single units. The vessel has a hull length of 382m and a beam of 124m with the length increasing to 477m when the tilting lift beams and the pipe-laying stinger are included. The vessel has the capacity to handle a topsides lift of 48,000 tonnes as a single unit and a jacket lift capacity of 25,000 tonnes.

Heavy lift vessels Pipelaying vessels Vessel descriptions

2015030502

NOS ARIES. Tecnologie Trasporti Mare, v 45 n 5, September/ October 2014, p 32 [3 p, 7 fig] http://www.tmmweb.it/ No author given Italian and English

NOS ARIES is an offshore support vessel built by Yuexin Ship Industry in Guangzhou, China. The boat is a new entry in the fleet of the Neri Group, who won a contract with the European Space Agency and Thales Alenia Space for the recovery of the IXV re-entry vehicles. The vessel has an overall length of 60.50m, breadth of 15.80m and a bollard pull of 88 tons.

Offshore service vessels Tugs Vessel descriptions

2015030503

Revitalisation of Pacific Northwest ferry fleet. The Motor Ship, v 96 n 1122, January 2015, p 42 [2 p, 3 fig] http://www.motorship.com/ Tinsley, D. English

This article describes TOKITAE the first of a new class of double ended vessels for Washington State Ferries designated the Olympic class. TOKITAE was phased into service in mid-2014, and is set to be followed in early 2015 by sistership SAMISH. The as yet unnamed third newbuild is expected to be ready for duty by early 2017. TOKITAE has a characteristically high-sided WSF profile, with capacity for 1,500 passengers and 144 cars, a length oa of 110.4m, length bp of 102.2m; beam extreme of 25.4m; depth of 7.5m; displacement at design load of 4,364t; and a maximum speed of 17 knots.

Ferries Vessel descrtiptions

2015030504

AL KOUT environmental, piracy protected, proven. Maritime Reporter and Engineering News, v 76 n 12, December 2014, p 40 [2 p, 2 fig] http://magazines.marinelink.com/Magazines/MaritimeReporter/201412 No author given English

The VLCC AL KOUT has been delivered by Daewoo Shipbuilding & Marine Engineering Co., Ltd. (DSME) as part of a series of vessels constructed for the Kuwait Oil Tanker Company (KOTC). The 165,178 gross ton vessel was built under ClassNK Rules and Regulations and is the final vessel of the four VLCCs and one Aframax Tanker constructed by DSME as part of this project under ClassNK. According to the builder and the owner, the vessel offers many advantages over traditional tankers in terms of efficiency, environmental friendliness, crew comfort and security. In terms of propulsive efficiency, the vessel is equipped with a high diameter propeller and a propeller duct, designed by DSME, which reduces the energy losses of the propeller and improve the propeller’s performance against cavitation.

Vessel descriptions VLCCs

ABSTRACTS 186

2015030505

CSCL GLOBE the world’s largest containership. Maritime Reporter and Engineering News, v 76 n 12, December 2014, p 44 [2 p, 1 fig] http://magazines.marinelink.com/Magazines/MaritimeReporter/201412 No author given English

This article gives a brief description of CSCL GLOBE, the world’s largest containership. The 19,000 TEU vessel was built by Hyundai Heavy Industries Co., Ltd. For China Shipping Container Lines (CSCL. CSCL GLOBE measures 400 m x 58.6 m wide with a 30.5 m) depth. It will be deployed on the Asia-Europe trade loop.

Containerships Vessel descriptions

2015030506

Eddy Tug: from concept to reality. ITS 2014, 23rd International Tug, Salvage & OSV Convention and Exhibition; 16-20 June 2014, Hamburg, Germany. Papers. Published by the ABR Company Ltd., UK; ISBN 978-1-904050-26-1. Day 2, Paper 4, p 121 [14 p, 7 ref, 4 tab, 20 fig] https://www.tugandosv.com/books.php?cat=4 Dielen, B., Gruijthuijsen, W. van English

This paper describes the first full scale 30-65 hybrid tug – EDDY 1. Central to the EDDY tug concept is that these tugs must be highly efficient and effective in the broadest sense. Not only should all EDDY tugs have low operational costs, but they must also be very simple and safe to operation, as well as outstanding in ship-assist and escort tasks. The paper discusses propulsion system options and comparison with a benchmark ASD tug is made. The paper also explains how an integrated approach towards a balanced tug design will lead to significant improvements and the future potential thereof.

Tugs Vessel descriptions

1.2 DESIGN

2015030507

Application of optimisation techniques and synthesis models in hierarchical design of PSV vessels. PRADS 2013, 12th International Symposium on Practical Design of Ships and Other Floating Structures; 20-25 October 2013; Changwon City, Korea. Proceedings. Published by Society of Naval Architects of Korea, ISBN 978-89-950016-0-8. Volume 2, p 687 [7 p, 20 ref, 4 tab, 17 fig] http://www.snak.or.kr/eng/sub01_01.html Ueda, R.J., Tancredi, T.P., Andrade, B.L.R. de English

The purpose of this paper is to present a methodology based on optimisation techniques to design of platform supply vessels (PSV), an alternative to the classic process of evolution by spiral, usually employed in the design of ships. The methodology optimises the main characteristics of final product by seeking feasible solutions that minimize attributes defined by the designer and satisfies the constraints of the owner. Three approaches are used with different hierarchical levels. Each level considers more details to describe the hull. In the first level only the main geometric dimensions and block coefficient are considered. In the second level it are used more coefficients, as the prismatic coefficient, waterplane coefficient, bulb characteristics and stem dimensions. Then in the last level, a hull surface is used with numerical method to calculate the resistance of the hull. Finally, each conceptual Pareto Frontier is analysed and compared with the PSVs currently in operation.

Hull form Offshore service vessels Optimisation Ship design

187 ABSTRACTS

2015030508

Hydrodynamic optimisation of twin-skeg LNG ships by CFD and model testing. PRADS 2013, 12th International Symposium on Practical Design of Ships and Other Floating Structures; 20-25 October 2013; Changwon City, Korea. Proceedings. Published by Society of Naval Architects of Korea, ISBN 978-89-950016-0-8. Volume 2, p 708 [8 p, 9 ref, 22 fig] http://www.snak.or.kr/eng/sub01_01.html Kim, K., Tillig, F., Et al English

There is a growing interest in twin skeg ships as an attractive green ship solution. The twin skeg concept is well proven with obvious advantages for the design of ships with full hull forms, restricted draft or highly loaded propellers. Extensive hull optimisations studies have been conducted of LNG ships of different size based on an extensive hull data base with over 7000 models tested, including over 400 twin skeg hull forms. Main hull dimensions and different hull concepts such as twin skeg and single screw were of main interest in the studies. In this paper, one twin skeg and one single screw 170K LNG ship were designed for optimally selected main dimension parameters. The twin skeg hull was further optimised and evaluated using SHIPFLOW FRIENDSHIP design package by performing parameter variation in order to modify the shape and positions of the skegs. The finally optimised models were then built and tested in order to confirm the lower power demand of twin skeg designed compared with the single screw design.

Computational fluid dynamics LNG carriers Model tests Optimisation Skegs

2015030509

Optimisation of a chemical tanker with free-surface viscous flow computations. PRADS 2013, 12th International Symposium on Practical Design of Ships and Other Floating Structures; 20-25 October 2013; Changwon City, Korea. Proceedings. Published by Society of Naval Architects of Korea, ISBN 978-89-950016-0-8. Volume 2, p 716 [8 p, 14 ref, 2 tab, 15 fig] http://www.snak.or.kr/eng/sub01_01.html Ploeg, A. van der, Starke, B., Veldhuis, C. English

This paper discusses a procedure to optimise ship hull

forms for minimum required power and best wake field quality, based on CFD computations of the viscous flow. A flexible and effective definition of parametric hull form variations is used, based on interpolation between basis hull forms. All RANS computations were performed for full-scale Reynolds number. An initial optimisation has been obtained neglecting the ship's wave making. Clear Pareto fronts and trends in the solutions are obtained in a systematic variation study for the afterbody of a chemical tanker. In addition a systematic variation was performed using RANS free surface, to study the influence of wave making on the computed trends. As a result, a further decrease in the object functions could be obtained and another hull form appeared to be optimal.

Chemical tankers Computational fluid dynamics Free surfaces Optimisation Viscous flow

2015030510

Bossing design for roro ships using a fast RANSE-approach. PRADS 2013, 12th International Symposium on Practical Design of Ships and Other Floating Structures; 20-25 October 2013; Changwon City, Korea. Proceedings. Published by Society of Naval Architects of Korea, ISBN 978-89-950016-0-8. Volume 2, p 724 [7 p, 6 ref, 2 tab, 17 fig] http://www.snak.or.kr/eng/sub01_01.html Will, J., Krüger, S., Kluwe, F. English

Viscous computations are usually rather time consuming not only in the flow simulation but also in the pre-processing, namely the geometry preparation. Especially the latter is an exclusion criterion for the application of these methods during the early design process, connected with the pre-contract stage. In this stage hull form variants might be developed faster than can be discretized and assessed with such tools. Only highly specialized tools in a streamlined process chain are capable of overcoming this handicap. Such a process chain is available at the participant institutes, where emphasis is given to efficient interfaces between tools. Additionally the condensed knowledge of viscous computation performed is provided in parameter recommendations for the case

ABSTRACTS 188

setup. This paper presents the results of a bossing design optimisation of a fast ro-ro vessel, which was executed during the early design phase of the project.

Computational fluid dynamics Ro/ro ships Ship design

2015030511

Parametric bulbous bow design using the cubic Bezier curve and curve-plane intersection method for the minimization of ship resistance in CFD. Journal of Marine Science and Technology, v 19 n 4, December 2014, pp 479-492 http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00773-014-0278-x Chrismianto, D., Kim, D-J. English

Parametric geometric modeling plays an important role in ship’s hull form optimisation by use of computational fluid dynamic (CFD) analysis. However, it is difficult to create satisfactory parametric modeling for some curved shapes, such as a ship’s bulbous bow. In this study, the cubic Bezier curve and curve-plane intersection methods are applied to generate the parametric design of a bulbous bow in a solid modeling procedure by taking into account the input of 4 (four) design parameters. For this, a suitable application program interface script within the ANSYS Design Modeler was developed. An application to the ship resistance minimization by use of CFD was made to show that the proposed method could be implemented properly. In this respect, the parametric design of the bulbous bow of a container ship (KRISO Container Ship type) was chosen to be modified. First, it was shown that the computational results generated by CFD were close to the experimental data for the original ship hull form. The developed optimisation method was subsequently applied to find the optimal bulbous bow. Finally, the dependence of the optimum bulbous bow on a ship’s speed (some variations of Fn values) was investigated and the results were compared to each other.

Bulbous bows Computational fluid dynamics Optimisation Ship design

2015030512

Research of design challenges and new technologies for floating LNG. International Journal of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering, v 6 n 2, June 2014, p 307 [16 p, 14 ref, 7 tab, 14 fig] http://www.degruyter.com/view/j/ijnaoe.2014.6.issue-2/ijnaoe-2013-0181/ijnaoe-2013-0181.xml?format=INT Lee, D.-H., Ha, M-K., Et al English

With the rate of worldwide LNG demand expected to grow faster than that of gas demand, most major oil companies are currently investing their resources to develop floating LNG-FLNG (i.e. LNG FSRU and LNG FPSO). The global Floating LNG (FLNG) market trend will be reviewed based on demand and supply chain relationships. Typical technical issues associated with FLNG design are categorized in terms of global performance evaluation. Although many proven technologies developed through LNG carrier and oil FPSO projects are available for FLNG design, there are still several technical challenges to clear for successful FLNG projects. In this study, some of the challenges encountered during development of the floating LNG facility (i.e. LNG FPSO and FSRU) are reviewed together with their investigated solution. At the same time, research of new LNG-related technologies such as combined containment system is presented.

Containment systems FPSOs Liquefied natural gas Regasification plants Sloshing

2015030513

Hydrodynamic optimisation of twin-skeg LNG ships by CFD and model testing. International Journal of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering, v 6 n 2, June 2014, p 392 [14 p, 9 ref, 22 fig] http://www.degruyter.com/view/j/ijnaoe.2014.6.issue-2/ijnaoe-2013-0187/ijnaoe-2013-0187.xml?format=INT Kim, K., Tillig, F., Et al English

There is growing interest in twin skeg ships as one attractive green ship solution. The twin skeg concept is well proven with obvious advantages for the design of ships with full hull forms, restricted draft or highly loaded propellers. Extensive hull optimisation studies

189 ABSTRACTS

of LNG ships of different size have been carried out based on an extensive hull data base with over 7,000 models tested, including over 400 twin skeg hull forms. Main hull dimensions and different hull concepts such as twin skeg and single screw were of main interest in the studies. In this paper, one twin skeg and one single screw 170 K LNG ship were designed for optimally selected main dimension parameters. The twin skeg hull was further optimised and evaluated using SHIPFLOW FRIENDSHIP design package by performing parameter variation in order to modify the shape and positions of the skegs. The finally optimised models were then built and tested in order to confirm the lower power demand of twin skeg designed compared with the single screw design. This paper is a full description of one of the design developments of a LNG twin skeg hull, from early dimensional parameter study, through design optimisation phase towards the confirmation by model tests.

Computational fluid dynamics Hull form LNG carriers Optimisation Skegs

2015030514

The use of network theory to model disparate ship design information. International Journal of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering, v 6 n 2, June 2014, p 484 [12 p, 27 ref, 7 p, 6 fig] http://search.informit.com.au/documentSummary;dn=385246497369150;res=IELENG Rigerink, D., Piks, R., Singer, D.J. English

This paper introduces the use of network theory to model and analyse disparate ship design information. This work focuses on a ship’s distributed systems and their intra- and intersystem structures and interactions. The three systems analysed are: a passageway system, an electrical system, and a fire fighting system. These systems are analysed individually using common network metrics to glean information regarding their structures and attributes. The systems are also subjected to community detection algorithms both separately and as a multiplex network to compare their similarities,

differences, and interactions. Network theory is shown to be useful in the early design stage due to its simplicity and ability to model any shipboard system.

Networks Ship design Theory

2015030515

Scenario based optimisation of a container vessel with respect to its projected operating conditions. International Journal of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering, v 6 n 2, June 2014, p 496 [11 p, 7 ref, 4 tab, 16 fig] http://www.degruyter.com/view/j/ijnaoe.2014.6.issue-2/ijnaoe-2013-0195/ijnaoe-2013-0195.xml?format=INT Wagner, J., Binkowski, E., Bronsart, R. English

In this paper the scenario based optimisation of the bulbous bow of the KRISO Container Ship (KCS) is presented. The optimisation of the parametrically modelled vessel is based on a statistically developed operational profile generated from noon-to-noon reports of a comparable 3600 TEU container vessel and specific development functions representing the growth of global economy during the vessels service time. In order to consider uncertainties, statistical fluctuations are added. An analysis of these data lead to a number of most probable upcoming operating conditions (OC) the vessel will stay in the future. According to their respective likeliness an objective function for the evaluation of the optimal design variant of the vessel is derived and implemented within the parametrical optimisation workbench FRIENDSHIP Framework. In the paper this evaluation is done with respect to vessel’s calculated effective power based on the usage of potential flow code. The evaluation shows, that the usage of scenarios within the optimisation process has a strong influence on the hull form.

Containerships Hull form Optimisation Ship design Ship operation

ABSTRACTS 190

2015030516

Ultimate strength performance of tankers associated with industry corrosion addition practices. International Journal of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering, v 6 n 3, September 2014, p 507 [22 p, 25 ref, 5 tab, 22 fig] http://www.degruyter.com/view/j/ijnaoe.2014.6.issue-3/ijnaoe-2013-0196/ijnaoe-2013-0196.xml?format=INT Kim, D.K., Kim, H.B., Et al English

In ship and offshore structure design, age-related problems such as corrosion damage, local denting, and fatigue damage are important factors to be considered in building a reliable structure as they have a significant influence on the residual structural capacity. In shipping, corrosion addition methods are widely adopted in structural design to prevent structural capacity degradation. This study focuses on the historical trend of corrosion addition rules for ship structural design and investigates their effects on the ultimate strength performance such as hull girder and stiffened panel of double hull oil tankers. Three types of rules based on corrosion addition models, namely historic corrosion rules (pre-CSR), Common Structural Rules (CSR), and harmonised Common Structural Rules (CSRH) are considered and compared with two other corrosion models namely UGS model, suggested by the Union of Greek Shipowners (UGS), and Time-Dependent Corrosion Wastage Model (TDCWM). To identify the general trend in the effects of corrosion damage on the ultimate longitudinal strength performance, the corrosion addition rules are applied to four representative sizes of double hull oil tankers namely Panamax, Aframax, Suezmax, and VLCC. The results are helpful in understanding the trend of corrosion additions for tanker structures.

Corrosion Design criteria Tankers Ultimate strength

2015030517

Genetic algorithm applied to optimisation of the ship hull form with respect to seakeeping performance. Transactions of FAMENA, University of Zagreb, Croatia, v 38 n 3, 2014, p 45 [14 p, 29 ref, 4 tab, 13 fig] http://hrcak.srce.hr/index.php?show=clanak&id_clanak_jezik=191513 Bagheri, H., Ghassemi, H. English

Hull form optimisation from a hydrodynamic performance point of view is an important aspect in preliminary ship design. This study presents a computational method to estimate the ship seakeeping in regular head waves. In the optimisation process, the genetic algorithm (GA) is linked to the computational method to obtain an optimum hull form by taking into account the displacement as a design constraint. New hull forms are obtained from the well-known S60 hull and the classical Wigley hull taken as initial hulls in the optimisation process at two Froude numbers (Fn=0.2 and Fn=0.3). The optimisation variables are a combination of ship hull offsets and main dimensions. The objective function of the optimisation procedure includes the peak values for vertical absolute motion at the centre of gravity (CG) and the bow point (0.15Lwl) behind the forward perpendicular (FP).

Genetic algorithms Hull form Optimisation Seakeeping Strip method

2015030518

User centred design approach to a targeted DP system. 17th Dynamic Positioning Conference; 15-16 October 2013; Houston, TX, US. Organised by the Marine Technology Society DP Committee. Design and Control Session I [9 p, 3 ref, 4 fig] http://www.dynamic-positioning.com/dp2013/design_butler.pdf Butler, B., Kwon, Y. English

Operating Dynamic Positioning (DP) Systems can be a challenge for operators especially when failures occur. Usability is a vital aspect of the system, especially in emergency situations. This paper presents a new development which emphasizes on the usability of a DP system. Advancements in modern

191 ABSTRACTS

User Interface design and technology have been incorporated in this effort to integrate full DP functionality into automation and navigation systems including radar, ECDIS, alarm, vessel and power management systems. With relatively few detailed requirements related to human factors from classification societies and owners, domain expertise and operator experiences have been heavily relied upon in the development. This paper describes the development process from the conceptual stage to integration, through the design and development cycles, including several rounds of user feedback sessions. The concepts of usability and Situation Awareness (SA) are discussed and illustrated with examples how human factors were translated into system requirements which ultimately affected the design. The authors present results from the user feedback sessions, describe some of the challenges met during the development and also describe the final software and hardware architectures. Design and implementation details related to touch screen interface are also discussed.

Design Dynamic positioning

2015030519

Development of low noise ship design technology against the reinforcement of shipboard noise regulation. PRADS 2013, 12th International Symposium on Practical Design of Ships and Other Floating Structures; 20-25 October 2013; Changwon City, Korea. Proceedings. Published by Society of Naval Architects of Korea, ISBN 978-89-950016-0-8. Volume 2, p 762 [7 p, 12 ref, 3 tab, 24 fig] http://www.snak.or.kr/eng/sub01_01.html Kim. S-H., Song, K-B., Joo, W-H. English

In this paper, the low noise design methods to satisfy the revised regulation of IMO Res. A 468(XII) for shipboard noise was introduced. Firstly, by using large scale noise test facilities of two reverberation rooms and deckhouse mock-up, the acoustic properties of cabin structures were quantitatively understood. Based on the result the optimal noise mitigation measures were established for the cabin structures. Secondly, the hybrid type silencer for exhaust gas noise of diesel generators and countermeasures for the ventilation fan noise were newly developed to reduce the outdoor noise. Finally, the noise reduction methods of cargo handling and dynamic positioning equipment were proposed for duty stations and accommodation spaces. As a result,

the low noise design and control technologies against the new shipboard noise regulation could be effectively established.

Noise Regulations Ship design

2015030520

European boat design innovation group: the marine design manifesto. RINA Transactions – IJMD – v 156 part C1, 2014, p 1 [28 p, 83 ref, 1 tab, 20 fig] http://content.yudu.com/A39l86/IJMDC12014/resources/index.htm?referrerUrl=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rina.org.uk%2Finternational_journal_of_marine_design.html McCartan, S., Harris, D., Et al English

A manifesto is a published verbal declaration of the intentions, motives, or views of an issue. It accepts a previously published opinion and promotes a new idea with prescriptive notions for carrying out changes that the authors believe should be made. Marine design is presented as an interdisciplinary holistic approach to boat design, based on the methodologies of industrial design, which are informed by both human factors and engineering. The authors as experts in their respective disciplines present the marine design manifesto as a framework for innovation within the marine industry. In every professional field there are definitive texts, this paper provides advocacy for marine design, an interdisciplinary approach in its infancy. The authors review key industrial design manifestos in the context of marine design. They the present a contextualised marine design manifesto.

Ship design

2015030521

Enabling a service design perspective on ship design. RINA Transactions – IJMD – v 156 part C1, 2014, p 29 [11 p, 35 ref, 7 fig] http://content.yudu.com/A39l86/IJMDC12014/resources/index.htm?referrerUrl=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rina.org.uk%2Finternational_journal_of_marine_design.html Gernez, E., Nordby, K., Sevaldson, B. English

Ship design is a collaborative exercise that involves

ABSTRACTS 192

many participants from numerous disciplines, who are expected to manage a demanding set of requirements with a broad range of possible design outcomes. It is then usually a challenge to connect several highly specialised experts, each bringing their own perspective and tools, into a collective exploration of the design space. The success of ship design projects directly depends on the coordination of, and the cooperation between, the participants. This paper proposes a user-centred perspective for ship design: which actors are involved throughout the entire process, in what environments do they meet and work together, what type of information do they exchange, what tools are they using to exchange this information, and what value is created through these exchanges? Existing practices in ship design are reviewed, based on literature and interview surveys, and new user-centred processes and tools are proposed and discussed.

Ship design

2015030522

The potential for surface disruption techniques in the aesthetic evolution of superyachts. RINA Transactions – IJMD – v 156 part C1, 2014, p 41 [13 p, 46 ref, 1 tab, 30 fig] http://content.yudu.com/A39l86/IJMDC12014/resources/index.htm?referrerUrl=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rina.org.uk%2Finternational_journal_of_marine_design.html Nelson, T. English

Superyachts are some of the largest man-made structures designed outside of the discipline of architecture, but as their sizes have increased over the years, there has been little change in the aesthetic treatment of their surfaces. This scaling- up of design features has often resulted in the creation of amorphous, incoherent and incongruous masses of steel and aluminium. Superyachts spend a large proportion of their existences in-dock, stationary aside from the movement of the water. Therefore it is justified to analyse them within the context of architecture, where buildings with such vast expanses of unbroken white surface are rarely seen. When such instances do occur, criticism soon follows - the Benthem Crouwel Wing of the Stedelijk Museum in Amsterdam has been dubbed 'The Bathtub', and is widely derided. Whilst no such formalised and directed criticism of superyacht design exists as yet, there is clearly an opportunity for a rethink. This paper summarises research and development activities, where in-depth visual analysis of

contemporary architecture has informed design output. The body of this paper discusses methodologies for expansive surface disruption in superyacht design. These methodologies (which advocate the progressive adoption of design approaches from the world of contemporary architecture) are beginning to inform marine design projects, the first of which has been analysed within the context of both the superyacht industry and architectural practice.

Motor yachts Ship design

2015030523

An industrial design approach in the development of a harbour tug. RINA Transactions – IJMD – v 156 part C1, 2014, p 55 [10 p, 12 ref, 9 fig] http://content.yudu.com/A39l86/IJMDC12014/resources/index.htm?referrerUrl=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rina.org.uk%2Finternational_journal_of_marine_design.html Smit, B.D., Monchy, M.M. De English

This paper describes the Industrial Design approach in the case of a harbour tug console. This console is suitable for different types and sizes of Damen tugs to enhance a comfortable and safe working environment for its users. Prior observational studies identified the design opportunity for new harbour tug consoles. By means of various qualitative research methodologies the desires, needs, wishes and demands of the stakeholders were collected. An ideation phase led to multiple ideas which were tested and validated according to pre-set criteria. This resulted in the tug bridge design concept. This concept was visualised by means of 3D visualisation, rapid prototyping and full scale mock-ups to be tested with project stakeholders to optimise the design in a continuous iterative process. Finally the product was built and installed on a Damen tug to be used permanently. Within this design a strong focus was kept towards human factors in ship design in order to improve working procedures and safety on board the vessel.

Consoles Design Tugs

193 ABSTRACTS

2015030524

Creating a new distinctive identify for a range of offshore vessels using an industrial design approach. RINA Transactions – IJMD – v 156 part C1, 2014, p 65 [8 p, 9 ref, 10 fig] http://content.yudu.com/A39l86/IJMDC12014/resources/index.htm?referrerUrl=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rina.org.uk%2Finternational_journal_of_marine_design.html Monchy, M.M. De English

The starting point was to develop a new product for the offshore industry with a new distinctive identity (look and feel). Where the look applies more on the external features being recognizable from far, the feel applies more to the comfort from the user perspective. Most of the shipyards are producing their vessels in Asian countries to reduce their cost price. Although cost price is an important issue, clients and users tend to pay more attention to the look and feel of their vessels. Like in the car industry the user and owner of the vessel tend to identify themselves more and more with the vessel they work with. The vessels were taken out of the maritime and naval architecture design context and placed in a product environment. They were established like products with the possible users and owners in mind. By implementing market research and using the design methods of metaphors, mood boards and SWOT analysis, a new distinctive offshore range was created. From the first model to the first PSV sailing around feedback and the related improvements were implemented.

Offshore service vessels Ship design

2015030525

Design-driven innovation: next generation high speed transatlantic superliner. RINA Transactions – IJMD – v 156 part C1, 2014, p 73 [24 p, 39 ref, 4 tab, 11 fig] http://content.yudu.com/A39l86/IJMDC12014/resources/index.htm?referrerUrl=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rina.org.uk%2Finternational_journal_of_marine_design.html McCartan, S., Crotty, P., Verheijden, B. English

This paper reports on a transatlantic superliner design concept, which engages in design-driven innovation to develop a new market sector for high speed multi-functional vessel to compete with both air freight and

business class air travel in addition to the role of a superliner cruise ship. This design proposal offers the business traveller a personalised office space with global connectivity to make the journey a seamless extension of the working environment. This is specifically targeted at the creative design industries, with large design office spaces for collaborative working. There are also conference facilities and exhibition spaces, to facilitate product launches and client negotiations. The logistics role of the vessel gives the cruising passengers and business travellers a lower carbon footprint that a single function vessel, thereby engaging in green luxury. The vessel is based on the BMT ADX Express fast container ship Lo-Lo platform, capable of 37 Knots, offering a significant reduction in fuel consumption compared with conventional monohull platforms.

Cruise ships High speed vessels Ship design

2015030526

Development of interior design strategies as an integral part of a marine passive design methodology for passenger vessels operating within the Mediterranean. RINA Transactions – IJMD – v 156 part C1, 2014, p 97 [23 p, 52 ref, 11 tab, 31 fig] http://content.yudu.com/A39l86/IJMDC12014/resources/index.htm?referrerUrl=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rina.org.uk%2Finternational_journal_of_marine_design.html McCartan, S., Kvilums, C. English

Developments in design codes within the architectural industry such as the EN 12464-1 (20 11) and recent amendments to the 2012 Society of Light and Lighting (SLL); code for lighting guidelines, signify the industries acknowledgment of the importance of passive design elements, such as room surface reflectance's on the illumination of the visual environment and energy conservation. Associated research into the integrative effects of window apertures, glazing technology and lighting strategies of buildings, indicates that whole systems thinking identifies connections between components that can significantly increase resource efficiency. This is a potential area for transfer of innovation to the marine industry, with the objective of reducing electrical lighting load through an interior design process involving a parametric design methodology, informed by natural lighting. This paper presents a study that focuses on the development of key passenger zones,

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namely the cabins, lounge and dining areas. Surface reflectance, room geometry and glazing type were varied in accordance with natural lighting principles, in an effort to maximize daylight utilization and reduce electrical loads. Thermal contributions of solar gain and the impacts of varying occupant densities were considered simultaneously in the overall energy assessment. A series of interior design proposals are presented that adopt these strategies to identify the potential gains and barriers to their implementation. Analysis of the results shows the potential of an integrative design process driven by daylight optimisation to reduce operational costs. The predicted energy savings for a range of ship itineraries operating in the Mediterranean are discussed.

Accommodation spaces Passenger vessels Ship design

2015030527

Vessel fit out cost reduction using digital technology and modularity. RINA Transactions – IJMD – v 156 part C1, 2014, p 121 [16 p, 32 ref, 26 fig] http://content.yudu.com/A39l86/IJMDC12014/resources/index.htm?referrerUrl=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rina.org.uk%2Finternational_journal_of_marine_design.html Morgan, J.R.J. English

Inspired by WW2 liberty ship design and aircraft interiors Sea-Ka-No (meccano) has been designed and developed for fast fit using modular standard parts. Interiors meeting and exceeding all regulation. The stylish and functional habitation and bridge systems can be fitted in hours rather than weeks. The interior of a vessel can be changed to another use within a day giving the operator vessel flexibility. The design methodology accounts for asset adaptability and extended operating life, whilst taking into account the budget, quality and lean, regulation, primary and secondary function, modularity and regulation and legislation. The paper also details materials and techniques used in other industries giving significant reductions in weight and improvement in performance. The paper details real

life applications showing significant reductions in build cost and time whilst increasing the functionality and safety.

Cost reduction Ship design

2015030528

Crash compatibility in the design of a trimaran high speed cruise logistics ferry (CLF). RINA Transactions – IJMD – v 156 part C1, 2014, p 137 [15 p, 32 ref, 2 tab, 7 fig] http://content.yudu.com/A39l86/IJMDC12014/resources/index.htm?referrerUrl=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rina.org.uk%2Finternational_journal_of_marine_design.html Bastien, C., McCartan, S., Et al English

Crash in high speed vessels has more in common with automotive accidents that those of slower larger vessels. A computer simulation model was developed to predict the structural damage and the injuries to ship crew and passengers, in the event of a 40knot crash of the CLF with a harbour structure. The work involved reviewing and implementing established crash modelling and occupant simulation methodologies from the automotive sector. In terms of an injury prediction model, standing occupant models were used to simulated injuries and trauma at selected positions in the ship. The results will be used to inform a GA development process to improve evacuation and propose innovative active safety technology, to mitigate the risk of fatalities.

High speed vessels Ship design Structural reliability Trimarans

2015030529

Human factors for ship design; exploring the bottom rung. RINA Transactions – IJMD – v 156 part C1, 2014, p 153 [9 p, 31 ref, 2 tab, 5 fig] http://content.yudu.com/A39l86/IJMDC12014/resources/index.htm?referrerUrl=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rina.org.uk%2Finternational_journal_of_marine_design.html Abeysiriwardhane, A., Lützhoft, M., Enshaei, H. English

This paper is a part of an ongoing study, which will amalgamate maritime human factors and human-

195 ABSTRACTS

centred design knowledge into the naval architecture syllabus, and study the effects of this change through action research as a promising way to provide a fresh view to the industry from the bottom up. The first cohort to initiate this study consists of final year naval architecture students at the Australian Maritime College. The findings from a classroom questionnaire and an onboard survey that carried out on the training vessel, Bluefin, are analysed and the students' perspective on including HFIHCD into their syllabus and the key areas which need to be addressed in a follow-up lecture series are presented.

Human factors Ship design

2015030530

Design development and construction of 65’ catamaran yacht. RINA Transactions – IJMD – v 156 part C1, 2014, p 163 [8 p, 8 ref, 12 fig] http://content.yudu.com/A39l86/IJMDC12014/resources/index.htm?referrerUrl=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rina.org.uk%2Finternational_journal_of_marine_design.html Jabtanom, A., Phormtan, T., Nazarov, A. English

This paper presents the case study of a 65' power catamaran project. The design process is reviewed, from hand sketching through CAD modelling to a full-size prototyping and production. Interaction of naval architects, interior designers, engineering team, boatyard and customer, and also equipment suppliers is studied with lessons learned and proposed future collaboration improvements. The architecture of the craft is made without extremes, to provide attractiveness and practicality without impact of daily fashion fluctuations. Valuable insight on Asian interior styling is provided, allowing use of natural materials and traditional decorations where cultural knowledge is the key to create' Asian look'. The solar-assisted concept is realized thorough extensive use of solar panels, allowing quiet and 'green' environments through integrated power management systems. The influence of regulations and standards on design is discussed in terms of space planning, watertight openings, deck safety, etc. covering some problems facing catamaran craft. Presentations are results of sea trials showing measurable data on performance

and comfort factors achieved. New developments in catamaran design are briefly discussed, with few projects of 45-105' currently in development.

Catamarans Motor yachts Ship design

2015030531

Human-system integration within a multidisciplinary ship design team: an inside view. RINA Transactions – IJMD – v 156 part C1, 2014, p 171 [7 p, 9 ref, 2 fig] http://content.yudu.com/A39l86/IJMDC12014/resources/index.htm?referrerUrl=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rina.org.uk%2Finternational_journal_of_marine_design.html Greenbank, C., Richards, D. English

Good ship design has many facets but a key tenet is the understanding of the operational environment and the practical challenges faced by Seafarers. It is important that their needs are taken into account, yet that also needs to happen within the associated engineering constraints and the limitations imposed by the regulatory framework, not forgetting the commercial considerations. This paper presents the Human-System Integration (HSI) view from within a multidisciplinary ship design team, and highlights the practical challenges and opportunities of adopting a HSI approach to ship design. A key element to this is balancing the user-centred approach with the real-world constraints of the project to achieve an optimum outcome for the client and the seafarers who will live and work on the ship.

Human factors Ship design

2015030532

Mathematical modelling of propeller series. RINA Transactions – IJSCT – v 148 part B2, July-December 2014 http://www.rina.org.uk/ijsct.html Bukarica, M. English

Propeller series are used in the process of designing the ship propulsion system, propeller and engine. The emergence of computers has made it possible to create a program, an expert system, which greatly accelerates and improves this process. In order to create such a program, it is necessary to provide a mathematical model of the test results, i.e. describe

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them by some mathematical expressions. In addition to this mathematical model, such a program must also have a mathematical model of the ship resistance. Precision and reliability of results produced by the expert system for the selection of the ship propulsion system depends on precision of the mathematical models it uses. Usual modelling procedures use standard mathematical functions and statistical methods. The aim of this paper is to present a "natural method" of mathematical modelling using spline functions, to compare them with each other, and to point out their advantages and deficiencies.

Design Mathematical models Power plant selection Propellers

2015030533

Structural design for the ice-resistant platform. ISOPE 2014, 24th International Ocean and Polar Engineering Conference; 15-20 June 2014; Busan, Korea. Published by ISOPE, Cupertino, CA, US. ISBN 978-1 880653 91-3. Volume I, p 1118 http://www.isope.org/publications/proceedings/ISOPE/ISOPE%202014/index.htm Hou, J., Shao, W. English

This paper begins with a brief introduction to the development history of the ice-resistant platforms located in Bohai Bay, a major production area. Based on the previous structural design experience of platforms under ice environments, the ice loading calculation method and new types of platform are proposed. This paper further discusses the technical measures for ice-resistant platform design. Learning lessons from engineering and production practice, the outstanding issues and challenges faced by the structural engineers are summarized and discussed. This paper may provide helpful reference to the future platform design in ice regions.

Ice loads Ice resistance Platform design

2015030534

Initial concept design for a self-icebreaking container vessel in ice-covered water region. ISOPE 2014, 24th International Ocean and Polar Engineering Conference; 15-20 June 2014; Busan, Korea. Published by ISOPE, Cupertino, CA, US. ISBN 978-1 880653 91-3. Volume I, p 1144 http://www.isope.org/publications/proceedings/ISOPE/ISOPE%202014/index.htm Ji, S-P., Li, Z-l., Et al English

Six various types of Self-Icebreaking Container Vessels were designed by China Ship Scientific Research Centre during the initial design stage. This kind of Self-Icebreaking Container Vessel can take on some characteristics of DAV. It can navigate in ice-covered water regions with the forward icebreaking stern, and also navigate in ice-free water regions with the conventional bow shape. In the initial design stage, firstly, Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) was utilized to optimise the hull form. The Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) equation has been utilized as optimisation method together with the application of Reynolds stress turbulence model and the multi-block structured grid. After completing the optimisation, in accordance with CFD calculation results, selecting the optimal Self-Icebreaking Container Vessel line based on suitable open water resistance compared to the original ship. Then the Discrete Element Model (DEM) method was utilized to calculate the force of level ice. The objective of this stage mainly observes influencing factors of ice force for the optimal Self-Icebreaking Container Vessel with different thickness of level ice and different ship speeds. The computational result indicates that the CFD-based method of the optimal Self-Icebreaking Container Vessel can fulfill requirements in open water. At the same time, the DEM method can also obtain the corresponding influencing factors of ice force in ice-covered water region.

Computational fluid dynamics Containerships Icebreaking cargo ships Optimisation Ship design

197 ABSTRACTS

2015030535

Grid generation on NURBS surfaces developed for ship hull form optimisation. ISOPE 2014, 24th International Ocean and Polar Engineering Conference; 15-20 June 2014; Busan, Korea. Published by ISOPE, Cupertino, CA, US. ISBN 978-1 880653 91-3. Volume IV, p 766 http://www.isope.org/publications/proceedings/ISOPE/ISOPE%202014/index.htm Wang, L., Huang, F, Yang, C. English

A grid generation tool is developed for the hydrodynamic optimisation of ship hull forms. The tool includes three components: the pre-processor that consists of the I/O interfaces with IGES/3DM files, the module for ship hull form manipulations and the boundary interpreter; the triangular mesh generator that utilizes the advancing front method and the point projection technique; and the post-processor that handles mesh quality improvements and code performance statistics. An example of a singularity caused by poor parameterizations is discussed and a modified projection matrix is proposed to avoid singularities. The use of a designed octree structure improves the runtime efficiency of the code. The detailed implementations are discussed in this paper. This tool is tested on three representative ship models and the results show that it can be used for CFD-based flow predictions and ship hull form optimisations.

Hull form Optimisation

2015030536

Air support technology to be tried on wind farm vessel. The Motor Ship, v 96 n 1122, January 2015, p 44 [2 p, 2 fig] http://www.motorship.com/ Pike, D. English

Construction has started on a new type of wind farm vessel at a Danish shipyard, based on air supported vessel (ASV) technology and claimed to offer much reduced fuel consumption combined with high speeds. This new design is thought to be the first application of the ASV technology to a newly built commercial vessel. By using a hull mould the construction will allow for series production of a design that should have many other commercial applications. With the ASV hull, much of the weight of the hull when afloat is supported by the air cushion formed under the hull. The benefit of the patented

ASV design is that this air cushion is contained inside the rigid structure of the hull rather than having to use flexible skirts, as was the case with earlier air supported hovercraft designs. This reduces costs and maintenance requirements, both of which are important for commercial vessel applications.

Air cushion vehicles Crew boats Offshore service vessels Ship design

2015030537

Noise control of new Korean research vessel: CHEONG-HAE. PRADS 2013, 12th International Symposium on Practical Design of Ships and Other Floating Structures; 20-25 October 2013; Changwon City, Korea. Proceedings. Published by Society of Naval Architects of Korea, ISBN 978-89-950016-0-8. Volume 2, p 935 [6 p, 9 ref, 2 tab, 19 fig] http://www.snak.or.kr/eng/sub01_01.html Kim, K., Choi, T-M., Et al English

CHEONG-HAE is a new research vessel recently commissioned for the Agency for Defence Development of Korea. The vessel is capable of undertaking multifarious tasks including the acoustic performance test and evaluation for naval warfare systems such as underwater weapons and naval vessels so that the noise characteristic becomes a critical issue in design, construction and operation of the vessel. Therefore a noise control plan had been established and executed during the design and construction stage of the vessel, which includes a series of noise control process: noise requirement review, major sources identification, source level requirement development, and numerical assessments followed to discriminating and resolving the problems, and sea trials for verification. In this paper, this noise control process and the noise reduction measures adopted to meet the noise requirement are presented.

Noise reduction Research vessels Ship design

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2015030538

Hull optimisation of semisubmersible with seakeeping criteria evaluated with neural network response surface. PRADS 2013, 12th International Symposium on Practical Design of Ships and Other Floating Structures; 20-25 October 2013; Changwon City, Korea. Proceedings. Published by Society of Naval Architects of Korea, ISBN 978-89-950016-0-8. Volume 2, p 944 [9 p, 14 ref, 7 tab, 24 fig] http://www.snak.or.kr/eng/sub01_01.html Venzon, R.Z., Tancredi, T.P., Andrade, B.L.R. de English

This paper presents a procedure for a semisubmersible hull optimisation based on predictive models able to provide an estimation of the heave dynamic behaviour (seakeeping) of offshore platforms due to wave incidence. The predictive model applies the technique of Artificial Neural Networks to construct a response surface and provides a quick estimate of the heave motion according to geometrical characteristics of the hull, avoiding the extensive use of numerical methods and mesh generation, especially in preliminary stages of a platform design. To illustrate the use of the methodology proposed, this work presents an application to the design optimisation of a 4 columns and 2 pontoons semisubmersible platform. Initially, a simplified model with only one angle of wave incidence and constant displacement was considered. The artificial neural network construction for this example was done applying three different approaches which are compared in relation of their efficiency in the optimisation process.

Hull form Neural networks Optimisation Semisubmersibles

2015030539

Study on harmonization of mega-yacht’s lines plan and its realization on integrated software platform. PRADS 2013, 12th International Symposium on Practical Design of Ships and Other Floating Structures; 20-25 October 2013; Changwon City, Korea. Proceedings. Published by Society of Naval Architects of Korea, ISBN 978-89-950016-0-8. Volume 2, p 953 [6 p, 16 ref, 15 fig] http://www.snak.or.kr/eng/sub01_01.html Si, N., Cai, W., Et al English

This paper discusses the harmonization method of a mega-yacht's lines plan above and below the waterline and the integrated platform to realize the harmonization method. The paper covers the following three aspects: Characteristics of mega-yacht's formative design over waterline and its influence on lines plan below the waterline; Harmonization study on the whole ship weight, centre of gravity and the hull shape after the determination of the formative design over the waterline; Development and study on integrated software platform for harmonization of mega-yacht's formative and hull lines design based on data exchange and software secondary development. The method of rapid formation of the yacht hull line below the waterline after the determination of individualized formative design of yacht's superstructure and the determination of general arrangement of cabins and major equipment is proposed. The integrated software platform for harmonization of formative design and hull design of mega-yacht is established, which do contribution to study for mega-yacht's formative and hull shape design.

Computer-aided ship design Motor yachts

2015030540

Ice-going shallow draft OSV. ITS 2014, 23rd International Tug, Salvage & OSV Convention and Exhibition; 16-20 June 2014, Hamburg, Germany. Papers. Published by the ABR Company Ltd., UK; ISBN 978-1-904050-26-1. Day 2, Paper 3, p 115 [6 p, 7 fig] https://www.tugandosv.com/books.php?cat=4 Zwaluw, M. van der, Townley, J. English

Offshore activities are moving into more exposed areas where OSVs have to operate in extreme climates. Most existing vessels operating in frozen

199 ABSTRACTS

conditions have limited operational performance in ice and are depending on ice-breaking vessels during the winter period. OSD Holland BV has developed a shallow draft ice-going OSV specially designed to operate in one-year ice conditions. In this paper, the authors comment on the development of the design and sometimes contradictory requirements for this type of highly-specialised vessel. At the time of this presentation, the vessel in question had been sailing for 18 months, including two full winter seasons, enabling the authors to evaluate how well the design choices have performed in the real world.

Ice transiting vessels Offshore service vessels Ship design

2015030541

Development of a 46m, 100-tonne BP line-haul tug. ITS 2014, 23rd International Tug, Salvage & OSV Convention and Exhibition; 16-20 June 2014, Hamburg, Germany. Papers. Published by the ABR Company Ltd., UK; ISBN 978-1-904050-26-1. Day 3, Paper 2, p 191 [9 p, 14 fig] https://www.tugandosv.com/books.php?cat=4 Horsefield, R., Parrott, J. English

In 2012, Jensen Naval Architects and Marine Engineers undertook a new 46m long-haul tug exploratory design for the international market. To attract the broadest customer base without significant modifications for any single customer, the basic design needed to incorporate feature and capability flexibility. This required rethinking the traditional design process. In the US market, tug operators generally hire their preferred naval architect to design new vessels to satisfy specific performance requirements. Development leads to an optimised vessel for one customer. Other operators subsequently want a tug design just like the existing design with a few 'minor' modifications, but have unrealistic expectations as to the time and expense required to redesign. Change requests typically range from the type of propulsion system, to adding dynamic positioning, to more working deck space. In some cases, a completely new design would have better served the customer's needs. If capability flexibility is built into an original design, redesign efforts can be minimised. Adding design flexibility adds complexity to the design process. Each task that includes a capability range instead of one specific target requires more design work and careful contingency planning. However, that extra work is significantly less than redesigning an existing vessel for capabilities it was

never intended to perform. Due to the added design cost and the US market's desire for unique customer-driven designs, this flexible design process is rarely an option. It requires an engineering company willing to front the initial design cost with the expectation of a future return. This paper discusses innovation in the long-haul tug design process, as well as a brief history of the development of ASD tugs for long-haul operations along the Pacific Northwest coast of the US and Alaska.

Ship design Tugs

2015030542

Design of an LNG-powered OSV: a case study. ITS 2014, 23rd International Tug, Salvage & OSV Convention and Exhibition; 16-20 June 2014, Hamburg, Germany. Papers. Published by the ABR Company Ltd., UK; ISBN 978-1-904050-26-1. Day 3, Paper 7, p 237 [7 p, 5 fig] https://www.tugandosv.com/books.php?cat=4 Wolczko, S. English

Liquefied natural gas (LNG) fuel for ships is a technology with a track record on a small number of vessels, which has generated significant interest within the maritime community as a possible answer to compliance with increasingly stringent emissions regulations, as well as a fuel solution that could prove to be cost-effective in the future. While LNG is not the sustainable, greenhouse-gas-free energy source that mobile power plants require for a long-term stable future, there is a strong likelihood that this technology - a relatively abundant, more environmentally-friendly solution over oil-based fuel - will become a significant source of energy for the maritime industry. There are a number of factors to consider on the path to procurement and operation of an LNG-fuelled ship, both during the nascent stages of LNG bunkering infrastructure and, once that infrastructure is hypothetically well established, in multiple regions. This paper aims to consolidate and dissect the key issues at play in the drive to produce an LNG-fuelled offshore supply vessel in the present or near future.

Design criteria Liquefied natural gas Offshore service vessels

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1.3 SHIPBUILDING TECHNOLOGY/CONSTRUCTIONAL TECHNIQUES

2015030543

Ballasting plan optimisation for accuracy control on offshore floating dock. PRADS 2013, 12th International Symposium on Practical Design of Ships and Other Floating Structures; 20-25 October 2013; Changwon City, Korea. Proceedings. Published by Society of Naval Architects of Korea, ISBN 978-89-950016-0-8. Volume 2, p 702 [6 p, 8 ref, 4 tab, 10 fig] http://www.snak.or.kr/eng/sub01_01.html Yeo, S., Yoon, K., Et al English

In this paper, the authors propose and validate an accuracy control system for an Offshore Floating Dock (OFD) developed by Samsung Heavy Industries. The OFD was developed for constructing offshore structures on floating docks, and has a rectangular shape. As offshore structures are very heavy, the erection of offshore blocks causes global and local deformations of the OFD, which in turn adversely affects the alignment of the erection blocks. A ballast plan optimisation system for accuracy control is proposed. The proposed system was used and validated with data from the Jack & Saint Malo offshore plant project that was being constructed on the OFD.

Accuracy Ballasting Building docks Floating docks Optimisation

2015030544

A vision-based system for monitoring block assembly in shipbuilding. Computer-Aided Design, v 59, February 2015, pp 98-108 http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0010448514002012 Kim, M., Choi, W., Et al English

A ship is constructed using blocks, which are the basic units in shipbuilding. Each block is designed and assembled individually and welded together to form an entire ship. Therefore, the assembly of blocks within a manufacturing schedule is important for the timely delivery of a ship. To maintain the block

assembly schedule, the current status of the block assembly must be monitored, and fed back to the schedule operator. Currently, monitoring of the assembly status is performed manually by the worker, who determines the status of assembly of the block based on his/her experiences. Therefore, the efficiency and accuracy of the work cannot be guaranteed in the current practice. To address this problem, a vision-based system for monitoring block assembly is proposed in this work. The system consists of segmentation, identification and estimation units. Cameras acquire images of the blocks during assembly. The images are subsequently processed to extract the areas of the blocks. Next, the extracted blocks are identified and compared with CAD data for estimating the assembly progress. The estimated information is provided to the operator for efficient management of the block assembly schedule. The proposed system was tested with real examples that demonstrate the potential for use in a real assembly site.

Assembling Blocks Construction Scheduling Shipbuilding

2015030545

Simplification of feature-based 3D CAD assembly data of ship and offshore equipment using quantitative evaluation metrics. Computer-Aided Design, v 59, February 2015, p 140-154 http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0010448514000591 Kwon, S., Kim, B.C., Et al English

In the design process for ship outfitting and offshore plants, an equipment catalogue database is compiled in order for shipyards to reutilize data effectively. However, the current procedure for building such a catalogue causes wastage of time because the modellers in the shipyard must perform manual modelling of the 3D CAD data in order to decrease the size of 3D CAD data and adopt a different level of detail (LOD) depending on the purpose of its use. This problem arises because equipment suppliers are not willing to give all of their 3D CAD data to shipyards, out of fear of the loss of intellectual property. Moreover, the 3D CAD data of equipment suppliers have a high LOD, while a shipyard’s 3D CAD data have a relatively low LOD. Therefore, it is necessary to introduce an automated method to

201 ABSTRACTS

simplify the 3D CAD assembly data for equipment that is received from the equipment supplier. In addressing this problem, this study first proposes criteria for a simplification process and quantitative evaluation metrics for the simplification of 3D CAD assembly data, considering the characteristics of equipment data in the shipbuilding industry. Based on these findings, a simplification system was developed, and, four experimental test cases that were conducted on-site were used to verify the proposed system. The results showed that the data to be stored could be reduced to at least 25% of the original 3D CAD assembly data while ports, outer boundaries, and connectivity between CAD parts could be maintained.

Assembling Catalogues Computer-aided design Data Equipment

2015030546

Optimisation of P.E. area division and arrangement based on product mix. Journal of Marine Science and Technology, v 19 n 4, December 2014, pp 351-359 http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00773-014-0274-1 Kim, S., Chung, H., Kim, M. English

The shipbuilding industry in recent times has witnessed a decline in the demand for commercial ships and a sharp increase in the demand for offshore plants. In response to this change in the industry, shipbuilding companies have sought an optimal product mix for producing commercial ships and offshore plants with minimal additional investment in facilities. This study was aimed at optimising the pre-erection (P.E.) area partition for ship and offshore blocks based on the forecasted product mix of the planning horizon. The offshore P.E. area requires additional investment in facilities because the blocks are usually much heavier than those of ships. For given production schedules, and taking the flexibility of the forecasted change into consideration, the optimal P.E. area partition ratio was determined using the dynamic layout problem methodology. In this study, material handling cost, operating cost, rearrangement cost, and additional P.E. area construction cost were used to determine the optimal division. The optimal division of the P.E. area for

offshore plants was then determined for a 10-year planning horizon. The results were applied to a shipyard to evaluate their business feasibility.

Construction Optimisation Shipyard work

2015030547

Design of production strategy considering the cutting peak demand of electricity in the shipbuilding industry. Journal of Marine Science and Technology, v 19 n 4, December 2014, pp 425-437 http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00773-014-0261-6 Mitsuyuki, T., Hiekata, K., Yamamoto, H. English

This paper proposes a methodology to design production strategy considering the cutting peak demand of electricity in shipyard using the discrete event simulator and technique of genetic algorithm. First, the proposed methodology defines an organization model, product model, constraints and production strategy. The organization model is composed of workers and facilities that are defined by their amount of skill, cost and electricity consumption. The product model is defined by workflow. Work plan is calculated by a discrete event simulator that considers the constraints of electricity and work area size. The production strategy consists of the weights of nine dispatching rules. In the developed process simulator, simulation results change according to the parameters of the production strategy. In addition, an adequate production strategy is designed automatically using this process simulator and a random key-based genetic algorithm for minimizing the total cost in performing all activities. This proposed methodology was applied to several sample scenarios of assembly planning considering the cutting peak demand of electricity in shipyard. Results show that this methodology can construct a work plan that will help cut the peak demand of electricity by adequately changing the production strategy. Furthermore, this methodology also evaluates the organizational performance of the change of production strategy while considering the difference of work area size.

Electric power Power requirements Shipyards

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2015030548

Automation of block assignment planning using a diagram-based scenario modeling method. International Journal of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering, v 6 n 1, March 2014, p 162 [13 p, 17 ref, 9 tab, 8 fig] http://www.degruyter.com/view/j/ijnaoe.2014.6.issue-1/ijnaoe-2013-0170/ijnaoe-2013-0170.xml?format=INT Hwang, I.H., Kim, Y., Et al English

Most shipbuilding scheduling research so far has focused on the load level on the dock plan. This is because the dock is the least extendable resource in shipyards, and its overloading is difficult to resolve. However, once dock scheduling is completed, making a plan that makes the best use of the rest of the resources in the shipyard to minimize any additional cost is also important. Block assignment planning is one of the midterm planning tasks; it assigns a block to the facility (factory/shop or surface plate) that will actually manufacture the block according to the block characteristics and current situation of the facility. It is one of the most heavily loaded midterm planning tasks and is carried out manually by experienced workers. In this study, a method of representing the block assignment rules using a diagram was suggested through analysis of the existing manual process. A block allocation program was developed which automated the block assignment process according to the rules represented by the diagram. The planning scenario was validated through a case study that compared the manual assignment and two automated block assignment results.

Automation Blocks Planning Shipbuilding technologhy

2015030549

Application of welding simulation to block joints in shipbuilding and assessment of welding-induced residual stresses and distortions. International Journal of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering, v 6 n 2, June 2014, p 459 [12 p, 20 ref, 1 tab, 20 fig] http://www.degruyter.com/view/j/ijnaoe.2014.6.issue-2/ijnaoe-2013-0192/ijnaoe-2013-0192.xml?format=INT Fricke, W., Zacke, S. English

During ship design, welding-induced distortions are

roughly estimated as a function of the size of the component as well as the welding process and residual stresses are assumed to be locally in the range of the yield stress. Existing welding simulation methods are very complex and time-consuming and therefore not applicable to large structures like ships. Simplified methods for the estimation of welding effects were and still are subject of several research projects, but mostly concerning smaller structures. The main goal of this paper is the application of a multi-layer welding simulation to the block joint of a ship structure. When welding block joints, high constraints occur due to the ship structure which are assumed to result in accordingly high residual stresses. Constraints measured during construction were realized in a test plant for small-scale welding specimens in order to investigate their and other effects on the residual stresses. Associated welding simulations were successfully performed with fine-mesh finite element models. Further analyses showed that a courser mesh was also able to reproduce the welding-induced reaction forces and hence the residual stresses after some calibration. Based on the coarse modeling it was possible to perform the welding simulation at a block joint in order to investigate the influence of the resulting residual stresses on the behavior of the real structure, showing quite interesting stress distributions. Finally it is discussed whether smaller and idealized models of definite areas of the block joint can be used to achieve the same results offering possibilities to consider residual stresses in the design process.

Distortion Joints Residual stress Simulation Welding

2015030550

New business opportunity: Green field project with new technology. International Journal of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering, v 6 n 2, June 2014, p 471 [13 p, 12 ref, 7 tab, 9 fig] http://www.degruyter.com/view/j/ijnaoe.2014.6.issue-2/ijnaoe-2013-0193/ijnaoe-2013-0193.xml?format=INT Lee, S.J., Woo, J.H., Shin, J.G. English

Since 2009 of global financial crisis, shipbuilding industry has undergone hard times seriously. After such a long depression, the latest global shipping market index shows that the economic recovery of

203 ABSTRACTS

global shipbuilding market is underway. Especially, nations with enormous resources are going to increase their productivity or expanding their shipyards to accommodate a large amount of orders expected in the near future. However, few commercial projects have been carried out for the practical shipyard layout designs even though those can be good commercial opportunities for shipbuilding engineers. Shipbuilding starts with a shipyard construction with a large scale investment initially. Shipyard design and the equipment layout problem, which is directly linked to the productivity of ship production, is an important issue in the production planning of mass production of ships. In many cases, shipbuilding yard design has relied on the experience of the internal engineer, resulting in sporadic and poorly organized processes. Consequently, economic losses and the trial and error involved in such a design process are inevitable problems. The starting point of shipyard construction is to design a shipyard layout. Four kinds of engineering parts required for the shipyard layout design and construction. Those are civil engineering, building engineering, utility engineering and production layout engineering. Among these parts, production layout engineering is most important because its result is used as a foundation of the other engineering parts, and also, determines the shipyard capacity in the shipyard lifecycle. In this paper, the background of shipbuilding industry is explained in terms of engineering works for the recognition of the macro trend. Next, preliminary design methods and related case study is introduced briefly by referencing the previous research. Lastly, the designed work of layout design is validated using the computer simulation technology.

Layout Shipbuilding industry Shipyards

2015030551

A study on the thermal deformation characteristics of steel plates due to multi-line heating. PRADS 2013, 12th International Symposium on Practical Design of Ships and Other Floating Structures; 20-25 October 2013; Changwon City, Korea. Proceedings. Published by Society of Naval Architects of Korea, ISBN 978-89-950016-0-8. Volume 2, p 777 [7 p, 9 ref, 4 tab, 16 fig] http://www.snak.or.kr/eng/sub01_01.html Lee, S-h., Kim, M-s., Et al English

Three fundamental process in shipbuilding are

cutting, bending (or plate forming), and welding. These processes experience the same thermal cycle due to moving heat source, that is, heat inputting and reaching to the highest temperature followed by cooling. Many processes in shipbuilding have been mechanized and automated. Plate forming process, however, is still dependent on the workers' skill and experience although this process is one of the key processes in shipbuilding. This paper is concerned with investigating the thermal deformation characteristics of steel plate due to multi-line heating. It is intended to improve the efficiency of line heating. Line heating test has been carried out with varying heating conditions such as plate thickness, heating speed and distance between torches, and the results are used to verify the thermo-elasto-plastic analysis procedure from viewpoints of temperature history and angular distortion. Based on the results of case study with varying heating conditions, deformation characteristics have been investigated to change in distance between torches. As far as the present results are concerned, due to the interaction between torches, angular distortion becomes greater as the distance between torches become smaller. Formula of estimating angular distortion and shrinkage due to multi-line heating has been derived in which distance between torches is involved.

Deformation Line heating Thermal degradation

2.1 POWER SOURCES AND FUELS

2015030552

The development of control strategy for solid oxide fuel cell and micro gas turbine hybrid power system in ship application. Journal of Marine Science and Technology, v 19 n 4, December 2014, pp 462-469 http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00773-014-0291-0 He, J., Zhou, P., Clelland, D. English

A solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) and micro gas turbine (MGT) hybrid power system is a newly developed and promising power technology for ship power systems. Compared to conventional power plants on commercial ship, the technology can achieve a high efficiency (up to 80 %) and very low emission (up to zero). However, working as a marine power provider onboard ship, the control strategy of the hybrid

ABSTRACTS 204

system is one of the key challenges due to the requirement of balance between power generation from the SOFC’s chemical reaction and the MGT’s rotation mechanical power generation. In this paper, based on a system model, the control strategy for the hybrid power systems is presented. To get the maximum efficiency, the control of key parameters of the SOFC, such as stack temperature, fuel flow rate, fuel utilization and related power have been investigated and the control of power sharing between the two power sources of SOFC and MGT is proposed. The simulation results demonstrate that the control system can effectively control the SOFC and MGT subsystem and make them undertake their appropriate load separately with the forthcoming load.

Control Fuel cells Gas turbines

2015030553

Experimental study on controlled pulse turbocharging system for a six-cylinder diesel engine. Journal of Marine Science and Technology, v 19 n 4, December 2014, pp 503-509 http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00773-014-0264-3 Deng, J., Zhang, D.S., Et al English

The controlled pulse turbocharging (CPT) system can realize the switch between two charging modes by a control valve, and it can give a good performance at both the high speed operation and the low speed operation. This paper puts forward a newly designed CPT system for a six-cylinder diesel engine, and the propeller characteristic experiments about it have been carried out. The experimental results indicate that the switch point for the control valve of the CPT system is at 75 % load. On 25 % load case, the pulse energy can be utilized fully when the pulse turbocharging system is used, and the brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) can be reduced by 6.7 g/kWh. On 100 % load case, the pumping loss can be reduced fully when the semi-constant pressure turbocharging system is used, and the BSFC can be reduced by 5.1 g/kWh.

Diesel engines Turbochargers

2015030554

The Rolls-Royce B33:45 platform. Diesel & Gas Turbine Worldwide, v 46 n 10, December 2014, p 18 [2 p, 2 fig] http://dieselpub.com/diesel-gas-turbine-worldwide/ No author given English

Rolls-Royce has unveiled the first of a new family of medium-speed engines for the marine market that will include versions powered by diesel and gas. The new engines offer a 20 per cent increase in power per cylinder, while reducing fuel consumption, emissions and through-life operating costs compared to existing engines in the Rolls-Royce Bergen range.

Medium speed diesels

2015030555

Integrated power and automation system for enhanced performance of DP class drilling vessels. 17th Dynamic Positioning Conference; 15-16 October 2013; Houston, TX, US. Organised by the Marine Technology Society DP Committee. Power Session [14 p, 3 ref, 12 fig] http://www.dynamic-positioning.com/dp2013/power_hansen.pdf Hansen, F.J., Wendt, F., Et al English

With the introduction of IEC 61850 communication standard in marine power systems new opportunities for increasing the operational performance (efficiency and safety) of DP drilling vessels are made possible. The first drilling vessels are now under construction using this communication technology, and new functionalities are gradually being implemented. Firstly the functionality of faster communication between protection systems and control systems make it possible to operate with closed bustie in DP2 and DP3 operation. This is achieved by introducing enhanced feature such as: Block based protection functions; Ultra-fast load reduction schemes; Enhanced engine and generator protection functions integrated in the main power switchboards. Secondly, with more Intelligent Electronic Devices (IEDs) such as IEC61850 enabled protection relays onboard, the Power- and Automation systems are getting closer than ever. The ABB System 800xA automation platform is tailor-made to fully utilize the new communication standard in a way that power- and automation are not merely two systems exchanging data with each other, but more like one single system where all information is available anywhere instantly. This again opens the door to real-

205 ABSTRACTS

time condition-based monitoring and maintenance, and fully fledged asset management. The 800xA platform supports the fast horizontal communication of IEC 61850 enabling advanced control loops, but IEC 61850 also support vertical communication where large amount of data can be collected and used for diagnostic and monitoring, typically using the protocol OPC on Windows computers. Such diagnostic data can be accessed locally through dedicated terminals or as an integrated part of the automation system, e.g. through the power management system user interface. This opens for cost effective solutions for collecting and monitoring data from entire drivetrain e.g. protection relays, frequency converter, motors, generators, control and automation systems. This in result allows introducing techniques known nowadays as multi-sensor data fusion. Crew onboard, that is equipped with such a diagnostic system gain on receiving precise information about the origin of the fault and can immediately be supported from remote by expert technicians.

Dynamic positioning Ship electric power systems

2015030556

Energy efficiency improvements in part load for a marine auxiliary diesel engine. Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Engineering, v 38 n 7, September 2014, pp 877-882 http://acoms.kisti.re.kr/journal.do?method=viewFullTextArchive&journalSeq=J000052&menuId=0202&introMenuId=0202&archiveIndex=1 Jung, K-S. Korean

The reduction of CO2 emissions has been discussed in the Marine Environment Protection committee of the International Maritime Organization as the biggest cause of GHG for the purpose of indexing CO2 amounts released into the atmosphere from ships. Accordingly, various methods including the change in the hull design to improve energy efficiency, the coating development to reduce friction resistances, the additives development for improving thermal efficiency in an engine, the low-speed operation to reduce fuel consumptions, and etc. have been applied. The main engine of a ship is an electronic engine for improving the efficiency of the whole load area. However, marine generator engines still use mechanical drive engines in intake, exhaust, and fuel injection valve drive cams. In addition, most of marine generator engines in ships apply a part-load operation of less than 80% due to an overload

protection system. Therefore, a marine auxiliary diesel engine set at 100% load is necessary to readjust in order to efficient operation because of part-load operation. The objective of this study is to report the results of the part-load fuel consumption improvement by injection timing readjust to identifying the operational characteristics of a marine generator engine currently operated in a ship.

Auxiliary engines Diesel engines Energy conservation Fuel consumption

2015030557

Propulsion trends in bulk carriers. The Motor Ship, v 96 n 1122, January 2015, p 15 [3 p, 7 fig] http://www.motorship.com/ Jacobsen, B. English

As ship operators continue their quest for higher efficiency and lower costs, it is maybe time to think again about the best engines for ships carrying bulk cargoes over long distances. This article gives an engine designer’s view.

Bulk carriers Power plant selection Propulsion systems

2015030558

Wool lube oil filters claimed to perform better than centrifuges. The Motor Ship, v 96 n 1122, January 2015, p 26 [2 p, 1 fig] http://www.motorship.com/ Goodstein, J. English

This article reports on a six-month trial using filtration rather than centrifuges to clean lubricating oil in the auxiliary engines of two ships which is said to have resulted in lower power consumption, reduced service hours and lower maintenance costs.

Lubricating oils Oil filters

ABSTRACTS 206

2015030559

ORC-WHRS (Organic Rankine cycle-waste heat recovery system) application for marine diesel engine. PRADS 2013, 12th International Symposium on Practical Design of Ships and Other Floating Structures; 20-25 October 2013; Changwon City, Korea. Proceedings. Published by Society of Naval Architects of Korea, ISBN 978-89-950016-0-8. Volume 2, p 997 [6 p, 9 ref, 4 tab, 13 fig] http://www.snak.or.kr/eng/sub01_01.html Lee, H., Lee, D., Park, G. English

This work focuses on the application of Organic Rankine Cycle – Waste Heat Recovery System (ORC-WHRS) for marine diesel engines. ORC and its combine cycle with the engine were simulated and its performance was estimated theoretically under the various engine operating conditions and cooling water conditions. The working fluid, R245fa, was selected for the consideration of the heat source temperature, system efficiency and safety issues. According to the thermodynamic analysis, ~ 13.1% of system efficiency of the cycle was performed with 250oC of low temperature heat source. The result shows electric power out of the ORC-WHRS was about 4% of the mechanical power output of the considered marine diesel engine.

Diesel engines Heat recovery Rankin cycle

2015030560

Fuel economy: hybrid solutions and beyond. ITS 2014, 23rd International Tug, Salvage & OSV Convention and Exhibition; 16-20 June 2014, Hamburg, Germany. Papers. Published by the ABR Company Ltd., UK; ISBN 978-1-904050-26-1. Day 1, Paper 8, p 77 [12 p, 19 fig] https://www.tugandosv.com/books.php?cat=4 Degroote, D., Koperen, R. van English

In recent years, fuel prices have increased drastically and fuel consumption has become a hot topic. Various concepts have addressed this issue, and now a hybrid solution has turned from concept into reality - the Damen ASD Tug 2810 Hybrid E3 - the first 'off-the-shelf' hybrid tug in the world. During the development, building and testing of this vessel much was learned, but this is just the start of things to come. Damen expects this initiative to revolutionise the tug world. Electric drives offer much more than

just optimising the working point of the diesel engine generating the power. Batteries take on another role in the tugs, with propulsion added to their operation. Slow-speed operations can be carried out more accurately when not dependent on the idle speed of diesel engines. This, in turn, could lead to safer operations, and new insights into slow-speed manoeuvring can be gained from measurements during operations. Another advantage is that CPP settings could be further optimised when taking a closer look at these operations. Power consumption can be visualised for the master, making him aware of consumption levels. And last, but not least, will a different use of power generators such as batteries significantly affect service and maintenance costs? All of these factors combined with increased automation and analysing possibilities, will open up a new era in the improvement potential for power and fuel economy. This paper elaborates on the lessons learned and the possibilities discovered when developing the ASD Tug 2810 Hybrid E3, which could lead into a cleaner and more cost-effective future.

Emissions Fuel consumption Hybrid propulsion Tugs

2015030561

Optimising the total cost of ownership by customised maintenance concepts. ITS 2014, 23rd International Tug, Salvage & OSV Convention and Exhibition; 16-20 June 2014, Hamburg, Germany. Papers. Published by the ABR Company Ltd., UK; ISBN 978-1-904050-26-1. Day 3, Paper 5, p 217 [10 p, 14 fig] https://www.tugandosv.com/books.php?cat=4 Segbers, D., Stöcke, P., Et al English

Taking into account that each and every application features its own vessel-specific operational profile with varying load factors, the corresponding rate of wear of each engine is also unique on a case-by-case basis. MTU meets this challenge by customised maintenance concepts that have been developed using a new time-between-overhaul calculation method by MTU’s extensive systematic analysis of field data. This paper presents the latest development in this

207 ABSTRACTS

approach and its positive effects on the total cost of ownership. An example of a typical tug illustrated the improvement.

Engine wear Engine maintenance Life cycle costs

2015030562

Prediction of NOx emission for marine gas engines. Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Engineering, v 38 n 6, July 2014, pp 658-665 http://www.koreascience.or.kr/article/ArticleFullRecord.jsp?cn=BOGGBY_2014_v38n6_658 Jang, H-S., Lee, J-W., Et al Korean

Natural gas for marine diesel engines is considered as an important and clean source of energy because of simultaneously reducing the emission of NOx, SOx and GHG. Especially with the appearance of shale gas, the using of natural gas has been investigated aggressively and expected to expand rapidly. By the reports, gas engines and diesel engines were both in a similar performance in the power aspect, and the SFOC of gas engines was shown to be a little better than that of diesel engines. But the characteristics of exhaust gas emission were different according to various combustion technologies. With lean burn technology, the emission of NOx could be reduced to 85% lower than that of a diesel engine. This paper describes a simulation program developed to predict NOx emission. The developed program is adopted two-zone model and Wiebe function for cylinder combustion. The effects of premixed and diffusive combustion could be simulated by using the excess air ratio as input data. It was confirmed that the results of simulation agreed with the general trends of exhaust gas emission according to various combustion conditions such as lean burn, premixed and diffusive combustion.

Diesel engines Gas engines Emissions

2015030563

Prediction of NOx emission for marine diesel engines of existing ship. Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Engineering, v 38 n 6, July 2014, pp 674-680 http://www.koreascience.or.kr/article/ArticleFullRecord.jsp?cn=BOGGBY_2014_v38n6_674 Kim, S-W., Jung, K-S., Et al Korean

Monitoring systems of information for ship performance have become important for economic management of existing ships. Monitoring of NOx emissions from marine diesel engines is one of them. The measurement of NOx emissions however has many difficulties due to technical and cost problems. Monitoring by a prediction method of NOx on-board ships according to ship sailing conditions could be a useful method. This paper discusses a modified method of one-zone model which has been utilized usually for analysing the combustion process. The modified method is able to calculate the temperature of burned region from the result by one-zone model. Influences which excess air ratio during combustion process affected for the gas temperature and NOx emission were investigated. From the results, variation of excess air ratio during the combustion process could be estimated inversely through the comparison with measurement of NOx emission.

Diesel engines Emissions

2.2 EQUIPMENT AND INSTALLATIONS

2015030564

Effect of static mixer geometry on flow mixing and pressure drop in marine scr applications. International Journal of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering, v 6 n 1, March 2014, p 27 [12 p, 21 ref, 2 tab, 10 fig] http://www.degruyter.com/view/j/ijnaoe.2014.6.issue-1/ijnaoe-2013-0161/ijnaoe-2013-0161.xml?format=INT Park, T., Sung, Y., Et al English

Flow mixing and pressure drop characteristics for marine selective catalytic reduction applications were investigated numerically to develop an efficient static mixer. Two different mixers, line- and swirl-type, were considered. The effect of vane angles on the relative intensity, uniformity index, and pressure drop was investigated in a swirl-type mixer; these

ABSTRACTS 208

parameters are dramatically affected by the mixer geometry. The presence of a mixer, regardless of the mixer type, led to an improvement of approximately 20% in the mixing performance behind the mixer in comparison to not having a mixer. In particular, there was a tradeoff relationship between the uniformity and the pressure drop. Considering the mixing performance and the pressure drop, the swirl-type mixer was more suitable than the line-type mixer in this study.

Catalytic converters Diesel engines Exhaust gases Pressure reduction

2015030565

Gearless propulsor improves operational profitability. The Motor Ship, v 95 n 1121, December 2014, p 10 [3 p, 4 fig] http://www.motorship.com/ Kokkila, K. English

This article describes why podded propulsors are one of the most efficient marine electrical propulsion systems in the marketplace.

Electric drives Pods

2015030566

Ship information system: overview and research trends. International Journal of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering, v 6 n 3, September 2014, p 670 [15 p, 49 ref, 3 tab, 8 fig] http://www.degruyter.com/view/j/ijnaoe.2014.6.issue-3/ijnaoe-2013-0204/ijnaoe-2013-0204.xml?format=INT Liu, S., Xing, B., Et al English

Ship Information Systems (SISs) have been one of the main research focuses in ship design and become a multidisciplinary area. With these growing research trends, it is important to consolidate the latest knowledge and information to keep up with the research needs. In this paper, the SIS and its different forms are introduced and discussed. The beginning of this paper discusses the history and evolution of SIS. The next part of this paper focuses on different fields and research areas such as networking technology, information fusion, information decision, message

display, ship control in real-time SISs. A Semi-Physical Simulation Platform (SPSIM) designed for SIS research and its running effect through a new Fuzzy-PID fusion algorithm are introduced in this paper then. A brief literature survey and possible future direction concerning each topic is included

Communicating Information exchange Information systems

2015030567

Application of new techniques and information technology for early fire detection on ships. Naše More, v 61 n 5-6, December 2014, p 87 [9 p, 32 ref, 4 tab, 7 fig] http://hrcak.srce.hr/index.php?show=clanak&id_clanak_jezik=192569 Bistrović, M., Tomas, V. English

Damages and losses caused by fire on ships, in the last decade, have accelerated the development of new techniques, technologies and innovation, in order to increase the safety and reliability of the fire detection system. At the same time, by increasing the demand for enhanced technology for early fire detection and its prevention, advanced detection systems are being developed, whose control algorithms have the task of intelligently processing and distinguishing the real smoke or flames signals from the false ones, or real alert from the false one. By using the service that new technology provides, ship owner aims to better protect the crew, ship’s inventory, and to reduce the potential costs, that may occur due to accidents caused by fire. With an overview of the latest techniques and technologies for early fire detection on ships, this paper presents improvement of characteristics of the new systems and components of detection systems, and their abilities, benefits, and applications are analysed.

Fire detectors

2015030568

Increasing shipboard electrical power from waste heat recovery. Tanker Operator, v 14 n 2, November/December 2014, p 42 [2 p, 3 fig] http://www.tankeroperator.com/AllMagazine.aspx No author given English

This article describes a new system that will produce

209 ABSTRACTS

up to 125 kW of power for the ship’s electric load from heat recovered from an engine’s jacket water.

Electric power Heat recovery

2015030569

Enhanced DP control systems. 17th Dynamic Positioning Conference; 15-16 October 2013; Houston, TX, US. Organised by the Marine Technology Society DP Committee. Design and Control Session I [10 p, 2 ref, 6 fig] http://www.dynamic-positioning.com/dp2013/design_realfsen.pdf Realfsen, B. English

DNV and ABS have extended their DP notations. DNV has the new notation DYNPOS-E/ER, and ABS has extended the DPS-2 and DPS-3 notation with EHS-C. Both notations are introduced in order to achieve more reliable DP control systems that utilize the technology within modern marine power plants. The new notations will have impact on both the DP control system arrangement and the functionality in the DP control system. The DP control system must be designed with more separation on the communication links, as for a main DP control system and an independent joystick system. The new notations allow the DP control system to take into account standby start of generators and changeover of thrusters and generators when calculations are performed for available thrust and power. This paper presents adaptions made in the DP control system in order to gain enhanced reliability and so that the DP control system will fulfill the new class notations.

Control systems Dynamic positioning

2015030570

How to increase the safety and efficiency of anchor handling operations. 17th Dynamic Positioning Conference; 15-16 October 2013; Houston, TX, US. Organised by the Marine Technology Society DP Committee. Design and Control Session II [12 p, 14 fig] http://www.dynamic-positioning.com/dp2013/design_hukkelas.pdf Hukkelas, T., Metrikin, I. English

This paper describes a new, innovative Anchor Handling Concept representing a shift of focus from

stand-alone equipment, boxes and systems over to developing functionality especially for the Anchor Handling (AH) operation itself. The concept is characterized by a much higher degree of integration of the different components and equipment supporting an AH operation than existing solutions. Human-Centred-Design principles have been used extensively during the development phase of the new concept. One of the new components is a system and method for real-time calculation and visualization of the stability of the vessel based on determining external loads/forces. In addition, new DP functionality has been developed especially tailored for the Anchor Handling operation. The ‘king-pins’ and the centres for control, monitoring and presentation of information are two K-Master operator stations on aft bridge comprising a common and intuitive user interface and control for all AH equipment operated from aft bridge.

Anchor handling vessels Dynamic positioning

2015030571

Service life valuation of high-performance towing gear. ITS 2014, 23rd International Tug, Salvage & OSV Convention and Exhibition; 16-20 June 2014, Hamburg, Germany. Papers. Published by the ABR Company Ltd., UK; ISBN 978-1-904050-26-1. Day 1, Paper 6, p 57 [10 p, 1 ref, 14 fig] https://www.tugandosv.com/books.php?cat=4 Volpenhein, K., Huttman, S.J., Gambell, M. English

Building from information presented at ITS 2008 and Tugnology ’09, this paper reviews the field-proven results of abrasion and fatigue-resistant synthetic towlines that have been in service since for several years. The paper demonstrates the increased value to end-users through improved durability and service life expectations achieved as a result of proper line management from pre-installation to retirement. Samson’s data collection and analysis since the previous conferences have created a wealth of knowledge surrounding in-field experience that is well-documented and demonstrates the impact of total cost-of-ownership for tug operators in all regions of the world. These claims are further supported through a detailed case study.

Life (durability) Towing gear

ABSTRACTS 210

2015030572

Value-based equipment selection. ITS 2014, 23rd International Tug, Salvage & OSV Convention and Exhibition; 16-20 June 2014, Hamburg, Germany. Papers. Published by the ABR Company Ltd., UK; ISBN 978-1-904050-26-1. Day 1, Paper 7, p 67 [9 p, 15 fig] https://www.tugandosv.com/books.php?cat=4 Nyberg, J. English

Traditionally, equipment selection is weighted toward fulfilling the contractual requirements agreed to in the shipbuilding specification. Bollard pull and sea-trial speed are examples of this. For today’s common vessel types, it is found that this design criterion often defines the entire equipment selection and, at the same time, represents only a fraction of the operational time for the vessel. A harbour tug is a good example – it will spend, typically, only a small percentage of its operation time in bollard pull conditions. Similarly, a cargo vessel is not likely to be crossing the Atlantic at sea-trial speed. Ultimately, what this does is base equipment selection on a condition where the vessel spends only a fraction of its operational time. Is this condition-based equipment selection the best choice, or are there other conditions of considerable importance to look at for alternative equipment set up?

Equipment selection

2015030573

Cord-reinforced flexible link rotational coupling technology offers a solution for conflicting design goals. ITS 2014, 23rd International Tug, Salvage & OSV Convention and Exhibition; 16-20 June 2014, Hamburg, Germany. Papers. Published by the ABR Company Ltd., UK; ISBN 978-1-904050-26-1. Day 2, Paper 6, p 141 [6 p, 12 fig] https://www.tugandosv.com/books.php?cat=4 Reihle, J., Loew, J. English

To transmit torque in industrial drive systems, a compromise between a soft attachment for good noise, vibration and harshness behaviour, package, weight, and a rigid attachment for a low level of energy loss is necessary. The presented research has culminated kin a new technology in heavy-duty rotational power transmission coupling solutions, comprised of a composite elastomeric rubber material reinforced with directional cording. The use of composite flexible couplings offers development

engineers the possibility of reducing power loss and weight while improving the package, and also facilitates easy maintenance.

Composite materials Couplings Rubber

2.3 MAINTENANCE, REPAIR AND CONVERSION

2015030574

Operational conditions maintaining technique for COSL’s aged MODUs. ISOPE 2014, 24th International Ocean and Polar Engineering Conference; 15-20 June 2014; Busan, Korea. Published by ISOPE, Cupertino, CA, US. ISBN 978-1 880653 91-3. Volume IV, p 566 http://www.isope.org/publications/proceedings/ISOPE/ISOPE%202014/index.htm Dong, W., Wang, J., Et al English

After the mobile offshore drilling units (MODU) construction boom of the 1980s, there are lots of aged MODUs which have been operated more than 30 years. Maintaining the operational conditions of the aged MODUs is very important for security of offshore operation. Some research was carried out on this problem. Firstly, transducers were mounted on the aged rigs to monitor working parameters or stress/strain of primary application structures. Second, structural/fatigue assessment plan were scheduled for each aged rig, and the assessment finite element model were updated timely when reinforcement were performed or damages were found. Thirdly, novel methods are introduced continuously, for example, calculation methods for judging damage quantitatively, welding methods for repairing jacking pinions. Finally, old tools were replaced by advanced equipment to increase working efficiency. By these means, the average equipment integrity of aged rig in COSL is kept as high as 99.47% and the downtime is as low as 1.26 hour/rig-month, which is same competent with newer MODUs.

Ageing offshore structures Maintenance Mobile platforms Structural monitoring

211 ABSTRACTS

2.4 CARGOES AND CARGO HANDLING

2015030575

A ship-to-ship automatic docking system for ocean cargo transfer. Journal of Marine Science and Technology, v 19 n 4, December 2014, pp 360-375 http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00773-014-0256-3 Kim, Y.Y., Choi, K-J., Et al English

The world’s first ship-to-ship automatic docking system has been developed to provide a safe and reliable solution for docking between two ships exchanging containers in ocean. The system consists of vacuum pads, robot arms, cables, automatic winches and fenders. Basically, the docking status is maintained by contact force of fenders and cable tension controlled by automatic winches. All the developmental procedures from the conceptual design to the final prototype-system demonstration are presented focusing on the details of the two most important features: the passive- and emergency-mode controls. The passive-mode control makes the docking system freely follow the relative motion between the two ships without resistance. In case of emergency, the emergency-mode control is activated and the docking connection can be instantly released. A prototype was built to demonstrate the technical and operational feasibility in the actual ocean environment.

Berthing systems Container handling Ship to ship Transferring

2015030576

Techno-economic assessment of CO2 liquefaction for ship transportation. Greenhouse Gases: Science and Technology, v 4 n 6, December 2014, pp 734-749 http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ghg.1439/abstract Zahid, U., An, J., Et al English

Carbon capture and storage (CCS) is a key technology for addressing global warming by capturing carbon dioxide and storing it somewhere, usually underground. The transportation of CO2 is required since storage sites are not necessarily present near the source sites. Ships can be used for long

distance transport of CO2. However, CO2 sources are not always located near the coast; hence onshore transportation may be required in addition to ship for transportation of CO2 from source sites to storage site. Liquefaction is a vital component in ship transportation. In this study, a state-of-the-art CO2 liquefaction processes have been designed by taking CO2 capture facilities into account. The proposed processes require lower liquefaction energy compared to other processes found in the literature. Suitable thermodynamic conditions are required for economical transport of CO2. Therefore, three scenarios each for post-combustion and pre-combustion have been studied in order to explore the effect of thermodynamic conditions on the economics of CO2 transport. The considered scenarios are categorized on the basis of liquefaction plant location as: (i) the capture site, liquefaction plant and shipping terminal are located close to each other; (ii) the capture site and liquefaction plant are far from shipping terminal; (iii) the capture site is far from liquefaction plant and shipping terminal. The scenarios results were useful for deciding the optimum liquefaction plant location. Finally, an economic analysis is performed in order to evaluate the feasibility of CO2 transport from source sites to ship loading terminal

Carbon dioxide Economic analysis Liquefaction Storage Transportation

2015030577

Development of the container securing program for large container carriers. Journal of the Society of Naval Architects of Korea, v 51 n 5, October 2014, p 362 [7 p, 5 ref, 4 tab, 6 fig] http://www.koreascience.or.kr/article/ArticleFullRecord.jsp?cn=DHJSCN_2014_v51n5_362 Shin, S-H., Hwang, G-H. Korean

Container vessel sizes have constantly increased over the past two decades. With increasing ship sizes and higher container loading capacities, the adoption of lashing bridges has also increased. Today's lashing bridge designs range from 1st tier to 3rd tier lashing bridges. Container securing program of the past which is based on two lashing rods and 1st tier lashing bridge has to be improved to be suitable for the present time. The equilibrium equations in this study are established to cover the application of 3~4 lashing rods and 2nd~3rd tier lashing bridges. In

ABSTRACTS 212

addition developed program is improved to be able to calculate the reaction forces and optimum arrangement under the external lashing. An optimisation algorithm which is suitable for the container securing problems involved the equality constraint has been also adopted in this study.

Container lashings Containerships

2.5 PORTS AND WATERWAYS

2015030578

An advanced risk analysis approach for container port safety evaluation. Maritime Policy & Management, v 41 n 7, 2014, pp 634-650 http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/03088839.2014.960498#.VIbfyE1yaUk Alyami, H., Lee, T-W., Et al English

Risk analysis in seaports plays an increasingly important role in ensuring port operation reliability, maritime transportation safety and supply chain distribution resilience. However, the task is not straightforward given the challenges, including that port safety is affected by multiple factors related to design, installation, operation and maintenance and that traditional risk assessment methods such as quantitative risk analysis cannot sufficiently address uncertainty in failure data. This paper develops an advanced Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA) approach through incorporating Fuzzy Rule-Based Bayesian Networks (FRBN) to evaluate the criticality of the hazardous events (HEs) in a container terminal. The rational use of the Degrees of Belief (DoB) in a fuzzy rule base (FRB) facilitates the implementation of the new method in Container Terminal Risk Evaluation (CTRE) in practice. Compared to conventional FMEA methods, the new approach integrates FRB and BN in a complementary manner, in which the former provides a realistic and flexible way to describe input failure information while the latter allows easy updating of risk estimation results and facilitates real-time safety evaluation and dynamic risk-based decision support in container terminals. The proposed approach can also be tailored

for wider application in other engineering and management systems, especially when instant risk ranking is required by the stakeholders to measure, predict and improve their system safety and reliability performance.

Container terminals Port safety Risk analysis

2015030579

Port safety evaluation from a captain’s perspective: The Korean experience. Safety Science, v 72, February 2015, pp 172-181 http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0925753514002173 Pak, J-Y., Yeo, G-T., Et al English

There are many factors affecting navigational safety in ports, including weather, the characteristics of the channels and vessel types, etc. This paper aims to identify the factors influencing navigational safety in ports and to analyse the extent to which such factors affect the safety of ports from the perspective of ship captains through a real case study. A quantitative analysis is carried out using the data collected from 21 captains who have over 10 years experience in operating ships individually. The identified factors indicate risk implications in ports. A fuzzy analytical hierarchy process is used to evaluate the importance of the factors and to rank the safety levels of the targeted ports in Korea from a captain’s perspective. Consequently, among Busan, Ulsan, Gwangyang, Incheon, and Mokpo, Busan is evaluated by captains as the safest port, while Mokpo is the most risky. The research also reveals that it is applicable to use domain expert knowledge when historical failure data is unavailable or difficult to access to evaluate port safety. The result shows great research significance in terms of providing relevant stakeholders, such as port authorities and shipping companies, with an insight into port safety performance and thus facilitating the development of the associated risk control measures.

Fuzzy sets Navigational safety Port safety Risk analysis

213 ABSTRACTS

2015030580

System Approach to the Simulation of Transport Infrastructure of Container Terminals. Naše More, v 61 n 5-6, December 2014, p 102 [4 p, 7 ref, 3 fig] http://hrcak.srce.hr/index.php?show=clanak&id_clanak_jezik=192573 Fetisov, V.A., Maiorov, N.N. English

This article describes a systematic approach to the simulation and provides practical application of the seaport infrastructure analysis.

Container terminals Logistics Simulation

2015030581

A new hub-port concept for Tomakomai in anticipation of the era of Arctic shipping. ISOPE 2014, 24th International Ocean and Polar Engineering Conference; 15-20 June 2014; Busan, Korea. Published by ISOPE, Cupertino, CA, US. ISBN 978-1 880653 91-3. Volume I, p 1066 http://www.isope.org/publications/proceedings/ISOPE/ISOPE%202014/index.htm Kitagawa, H., Otsuka, N. English

Ice-diminishing Arctic seas offer shorter navigation distances between Asian and European markets, as well as the benefits of reduction in fuel costs and overall emissions from sailing vessels. To manage ice-classed ships efficiently, hub-port scenarios will be needed to respond to the growing demand in shipping via the Northern Sea Route (NSR) and to minimize the risk of accidents and pollution. Tomakomai in Hokkaido has a marked geopolitical advantage as an Asian gate for the NSR. This paper examines a concept for a new Tomakomai hub-port mainly from its geo-technological aspect.

Arctic marine transportation Arctic waters Port planning and development

2.6 COASTAL/OFFSHORE ENGINEERING AND MARINE RENEWABLE ENERGY

2015030582

Probabilistic modelling of directional and linear characteristics of wind and sea states. Ocean Engineering, v 91, 15 November 2014, pp 91-110 http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S002980181400314X Soukissian, T.H. English

The analytic wind and wave climate modelling is important for a variety of ocean engineering applications. Usually, the probabilistic description of the wind and wave regime is confined to the linear characteristics of sea states and wind conditions, i.e., the significant wave height, wave period and wind speed. Rapidly emerging applications, such as offshore wind and wave energy utilization, are largely dependent on the accurate description of the directional wind and wave characteristics of the areas under study. In this work, two analytic bivariate probability models for the joint distributions of: (a) significant wave height–wave direction, (b) wind speed–wind direction and (c) wave direction–wind direction are presented, discussed and applied in detail. The proposed models, which take into consideration the dependence of the corresponding variables and are defined by closed-form relations, are theoretically sound and tractable. Numerical results are provided for three locations along the US coasts, which are characterized by different characteristics of wind and wave climate. The proposed joint distributions elucidate the probabilistic structure of the wind and wave climate patterns and, furthermore, they allow the assessment of the special and important cases of aligned and opposing wind and sea states.

Probabilistic methods Sea state Wave height Wind conditions

ABSTRACTS 214

2015030583

Discrete feedforward and feedback optimal tracking control for offshore steel jacket platforms. Ocean Engineering, v 91, 15 November 2014, pp 371-378 http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0029801814003631 Zhang, B-L., Liu, Y-J., Et al English

This paper is concerned with discrete feedforward and feedback optimal tracking control schemes for an offshore steel jacket platform subject to irregular wave force. By discretizing a dynamic model of the offshore steel jacket platform system, a discrete feedforward and feedback optimal tracking controller is developed first to attenuate the wave-induced vibration of the offshore platform. Then, for the case of the offshore platform with control delays, a discrete feedforward and feedback optimal tracking controller with memory is presented. The controllers can be designed by solving an algebraic Riccati equation and a Stein equation, respectively. It is found through simulation results that compared with the classic state feedback optimal tracking control schemes, the proposed control schemes are more efficient in attenuating the vibration of the offshore platform. In addition, compared with the feedforward and feedback optimal control schemes, the proposed control schemes require less control cost.

Control Jacket structures Offshore platforms Tracking

2015030584

Innovative approach to design truncated mooring system based on static and damping equivalent. Ships and Offshore Structures, v 9 n 6, 2014, pp 557-568 http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/17445302.2013.867631#.VIbg001yaUk Fan, T., Qiao, D., Ou, J. English

An innovative approach is developed to design equivalent truncated mooring system for hybrid model testing. Considering the gravity, tension, current force and mooring line extension, the piecewise extrapolating method is employed to the static analysis of the multi-component mooring line. In addition, the quasi-static approach and dissipated energy model are used to figure out the mooring-

induced damping of mooring system. Employing genetic algorithm, an optimised design program is developed to design equivalent truncated mooring system based on the similarity of both static and damping characteristics. Considering the catenary, semi-taut and taut mooring systems used for some semi-submersible platform of 1500 m water depths, equivalent truncated mooring system is designed by using the design program in this paper, respectively. The results prove that the design program is available for all common types of deep water mooring system and can be used for hybrid model testing.

Damping Deepwater Design Mooring systems

2015030585

Prediction of propagated wave profiles based on point measurement. International Journal of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering, v 6 n 1, March 2014, p 175 http://www.degruyter.com/view/j/ijnaoe.2014.6.issue-1/ijnaoe-2013-0171/ijnaoe-2013-0171.xml?format=INT Lee, S-B., Choi, Y-M., Et al English

This study presents the prediction of propagated wave profiles using the wave information at a fixed point. The fixed points can be fixed in either space or time. Wave information based on the linear wave theory can be expressed by Fredholm integral equation of the first kinds. The discretized matrix equation is usually an ill-conditioned system. Tikhonov regularization was applied to the ill-conditioned system to overcome instability of the system. The regularization parameter is calculated by using the L-curve method. The numerical results are compared with the experimental results. The analysis of the numerical computation shows that the Tikhonov regularization method is useful.

Wave measurement Wave profiles Wave propagation

215 ABSTRACTS

2015030586

Model test and simulation of a new concept dry tree semi-submersible. ISOPE 2014, 24th International Ocean and Polar Engineering Conference; 15-20 June 2014; Busan, Korea. Published by ISOPE, Cupertino, CA, US. ISBN 978-1 880653 91-3. Volume I, p 985 http://www.isope.org/publications/proceedings/ISOPE/ISOPE%202014/index.htm Qi, X.L., Lv, G.S., Et al English

A new dry tree semisubmersible concept is developed based on the proven technologies of a conventional four-column deep draft semisubmersible. The columns are sized to provide hull stability, and an independent jacket frame is inserted for supporting the deck. In this way, the goals of long heave natural period and adequate hull stability can be achieved. This paper presents engineering analysis; computer simulation, model test validation, and mooring system optimisation are carried out in the investigation of the proposed concept. The paper concludes that the new concept has robust performance and offers a cost-effective solution to deepwater oil and gas exploration.

Model tests Offshore platforms Semisubmersibles

2015030587

Coupled analysis of a semisubmersible platform with two types of mooring systems. ISOPE 2014, 24th International Ocean and Polar Engineering Conference; 15-20 June 2014; Busan, Korea. Published by ISOPE, Cupertino, CA, US. ISBN 978-1 880653 91-3. Volume I, p 993 http://www.isope.org/publications/proceedings/ISOPE/ISOPE%202014/index.htm Qiao, D., Wu, F., Ou, J. English

Mooring system design selection of a semi-submersible platform which operates in 1500m water depth of South China Sea was carried out. The 3-dimensional hydrodynamic finite element model of the semisubmersible platform is built firstly. The nonlinear time domain coupled analysis between the semi-submersible platform and its mooring system is calculated through numerical simulation. The wave forces are calculated under diffraction theory by boundary element method, and the wind forces are

obtained from the wind tunnel test with a model scale 1:100, and the current forces are considered as steady. Two types of mooring system have the similar static restoring force characteristics, the same mooring line number and angle arrangement. The single mooring line is respectively consisting of chain-wire-chain and chain-polyester-chain. The polyester rope is adopted as the substitute for the wire while other conditions are kept unchanged. The mooring system is considered under intact and damaged conditions. The influences of different mooring models on the motions of the semi-submersible platform and mooring line tension are investigated. The specific numerical simulation results would be helpful for the preliminary design of semi-submersible platform.

Mooring systems Numerical analysis Offshore platforms Semisubmersibles

2015030588

Parameter relationships of ice-structure interaction process. ISOPE 2014, 24th International Ocean and Polar Engineering Conference; 15-20 June 2014; Busan, Korea. Published by ISOPE, Cupertino, CA, US. ISBN 978-1 880653 91-3. Volume I, p 1132 http://www.isope.org/publications/proceedings/ISOPE/ISOPE%202014/index.htm Kim, L.V., Tsuprik, V.G. English

A quarter of the world's undiscovered petroleum resources can be located in the Arctic and Far Eastern seas. The plans for exploration of these areas make real the problems of ice forces analysis for more severe conditions than were met earlier. The experience of operation of four platforms in north-eastern Sakhalin offshore gave a base to improve several analysis procedures of ice-structure analysis. Ice mechanics and numerical simulation of ice-structure interaction are major research interests today. The main aim of designing practice for ice resistant platforms is estimation of maximum ice force on structures. ISO 19906 recommends calculation by multiplication of contact work area and the ice pressure on the contact σc at which it failed. A formula for calculation accounts for fracture mechanism and three dimensional stress-strain state

ABSTRACTS 216

on interface by combination of several geometric ratios but the dynamic nature of this process is ignored in ISO 19906.

Arctic regions Ice forces Offshore platforms

2015030589

Risk based inspection plan combined with fatigue failure analysis for jacket platform. ISOPE 2014, 24th International Ocean and Polar Engineering Conference; 15-20 June 2014; Busan, Korea. Published by ISOPE, Cupertino, CA, US. ISBN 978-1 880653 91-3. Volume IV, p 610 http://www.isope.org/publications/proceedings/ISOPE/ISOPE%202014/index.htm Ren, H., Wang, Y., Et al English

As an essential role of structure integrity management (SIM), risk-based inspection (RBI) analysis is an indispensable tool to ensure the fitness-for-purpose of offshore jacket platforms. Pushover analysis is employed to calculate RSR value and failure consequence of structural members. Four limit state equations of members are introduced in failure probability analysis. On the basis of risk-based inspection plan, which combined member failure consequence and probability, fatigue failure analysis results are taken into consideration and the final inspection plan is developed. Finally, a case study of a jacket platform located in the South China Sea is proposed.

Failure analysis Inspection Jacket structures Offshore platforms

2015030590

Recent trends and future of ultra-deepwater oil fields. ISOPE 2014, 24th International Ocean and Polar Engineering Conference; 15-20 June 2014; Busan, Korea. Published by ISOPE, Cupertino, CA, US. ISBN 978-1 880653 91-3. Volume II, p 1 http://www.isope.org/publications/proceedings/ISOPE/ISOPE%202014/index.htm Saint-Marcoux, J-F. English

High costs of developments in ultra-deepwater have prompted companies to consider game changing

options: commonality of drilling systems, electrically heated flow line, innovative or revisited riser concepts. Subsea wells and FPSO appear as the global standard at least outside of the GOM. Companies such as Statoil or Total propose new visions of the field development of the future, yet many of the suggested components are already there and production in the range of 2500 to 3000m is already a reality. Subsea Separation has been used successfully on a green field project in West Africa. High recovery is being achieved with IOR rather than with EOR. Subsea power transportation and distribution of electricity becomes a reality in the North Sea. Based on these changes of mindset, the paper reviews the current status of the building blocks of field development and how their assembly can foretell the expected future of the oil field architecture in the next five to ten years. Of particular importance are risers (coupled and decoupled), pipelines, power and control umbilicals and their interface with Subsea Production Systems.

Deepwater Development Offshore drilling Oil fields

2015030591

Wave energy converter: development, current status and future prospects. Class NK Technical Bulletin, v 32, 2014, p 1 [13 p, 15 ref, 19 fig] http://www.classnk.com/hp/en/index.html Osawa, H. English

This article outlines the development of Oscillating-water-column (OWC) type wave energy converters in Japan, the current status of the development of a high-efficiency wave energy converter derived from OWC-type converters and future prospects.

Wave energy conversion

217 ABSTRACTS

2015030592

Coupled transient CFD and diffraction modelling for installation of subsea equipment/structures in splash zone. OMAE 2013, 32nd International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering; 9-14 June 2013; Nantes, France. Proceedings. Published by ASME, New York, US; ISBN 978-0-7918-5541-6. Volume 7: CFD and VIV, Paper OMAE2013-11569 [8 p] http://proceedings.asmedigitalcollection.asme.org/proceeding.aspx?articleID=1786682 Jia, D., Agrawal, M. English

In development of deep water oil and gas fields, successfully and economically installing subsea equipment and structure is critically important. This paper presents a state-of-the-art methodology for predicting the motions and loads of subsea equipment/structure during such operations basing on time domain simulations of the combined installation vessel and subsea equipment/structure. The time domain diffraction simulation of the moving lifting vessel is coupled with multiphase CFD simulation of subsea equipment/structure in splash zone. Transient CFD model with rigid body motion for the equipment/structure calculates added masses, forces and moments on the equipment/structure for diffraction analysis, while diffraction analysis calculates linear and angular velocities for CFD simulation. This paper has many potential applications, such as, installation of pile, manifold, subsea tree, PLET/PLEM, or other subsea equipment/structure. This coupled approach has been successfully implemented on a cylindrical structure. The results show that total load level, and dynamics of the subsea equipment/structure due to waves in splash zone are predicted. Current practice of installation analysis in accordance with the recommendations from DNV-RP-H103 cannot determine in detail the wave loads either during the passage through splash zone, or added mass and damping when the equipment/structure is submerged. In order to determine wave loads in detail, model tests are needed. In the absence of tests, simplified equations or empirical formulations have to be used to calculate/estimate these hydrodynamics coefficients as recommended in DNV-RP-H103. Steady-state CFD simulations on a stationary equipment/structure are usually used to predict drag and added masses on submerged structures. However the steady-state assumption in CFD ignores the resonating motion of equipment/structure in calculating hydrodynamics coefficients, which can severely affect the accuracy of these predictions. The

above methods often give overly conservative results for allowable sea state which results in uneconomical vessel time or inaccurate results for installation. The methodology of this paper gives more accurate results, and provides potentially economical vessel time during installation. The intent of this paper is to demonstrate the solution and methodology.

Computational fluid dynamics Diffraction Installing Ocean engineering

2.7 SAFETY AT SEA

2015030593

Accident risk assessment in marine transportation via Markov modelling and Markov Chain Monte Carlo simulation. Ocean Engineering, v 91, 15 November 2014, pp 363-370 http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S002980181400362X Faghih-Roohi, S., Xie, M., Ng, K.M. English

There are many technological and environmental safety factors involved in marine accidents. This paper deals with an analytic approach to accident risk modelling when data for analysing safety factors is limited or unavailable. The purpose of this paper is to propose a simulated accident model for assessing accident risk in marine transportation. The proposed approach is based on Markov modelling and Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) simulation and it is illustrated using an example from marine transportation. A three-state continuous time Markov model is used to record and estimate marine occurrence rates and probabilities. The MCMC simulation requires the occurrence data of the Markov model to estimate the accident risk. However, it can be used when only a limited amount of information is available. Compared with other models, the approach in this paper is applicable to any type of marine accident or marine transportation system. A numerical example is also given to illustrate the procedure.

Marine accidents Marine transportation Markov processes Risk analysis

ABSTRACTS 218

2015030594

Evolutionary planning of safe ship tracks in restricted visibility. Journal of Navigation, v 68 n 1, January 2015, pp 39-51 http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayAbstract?fromPage=online&aid=9447419&fulltextType=RA&fileId=S0373463314000587 Szlapczynski, R. English

The paper presents the continuation of the author's research on ship track planning by means of Evolutionary Algorithms (EA). The presented method uses EA to search for an optimal set of safe tracks for all ships involved in an encounter. Until now the method assumed good visibility – compliance with standard rules of the Convention on the International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea (COLREGS, 1972). However, in restricted visibility, when Rule 19 applies instead of Rules 11 to 18, the problem is a different one. Therefore this paper introduces the extended method, with a focus on compliance with Rule 19 and its implications. It includes descriptions of detecting, penalizing and eliminating violations of Rule 19. The method has been implemented and the paper contains sample results of computer simulation tests carried out for ship encounters in restricted visibility in both open and restricted waters. They confirm the effectiveness of the chosen approach and suggest that the method could be applied in on board decision support systems.

Collision avoidance manoeuvres Planning Restricted visibility Tracks

2015030595

Assessing grounding frequency using ship traffic and waterway complexity. Journal of Navigation, v 68 n 1, January 2015, pp 89-106 http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayAbstract?fromPage=online&aid=9447404&fulltextType=RA&fileId=S0373463314000502 Mazaheri, A., Montewka, J., Et al English

Ship traffic is the factor that presents in almost all of the existing grounding risk models. It is considered to be one of the main factors affecting the expected frequency of ship groundings. This is mostly accepted by experts as common sense. However, there is no

research available on the actual dependency between ship traffic and grounding accidents. In this paper, the authors conduct a study aimed at determining the statistical dependency between the density and distribution of traffic, the number and frequency of grounding accidents and the dependency between the complexity of waterways and an actual accident. For this purpose statistical analysis of maritime traffic is utilised, obtained from Automatic Identification System (AIS) data and grounding accidents, enhanced with the expert elicitation techniques delivering the waterway complexity index. The sea area under investigation is the Gulf of Finland. The results show statistical dependency between frequency of grounding and waterway complexity as well as the traffic distribution. However, the study does not reveal any significant dependency between grounding and traffic density.

Groundings Statistical analysis Vessel traffic

2015030596

Damage scenarios and an onboard support system for damaged ships. International Journal of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering, v 6 n 2, June 2014, p 236 [9 p, 10 ref, 12 fig] http://www.degruyter.com/view/j/ijnaoe.2014.6.issue-2/ijnaoe-2013-0175/ijnaoe-2013-0175.xml?format=INT Choi, J., Lee, D., Et al English

Although a safety assessment of damaged ships, which considers environmental conditions such as waves and wind, is important in both the design and operation phases of ships, in Korea, rules or guidelines to conduct such assessments are not yet developed. However, NATO and European maritime societies have developed guidelines for a safety assessment. Therefore, it is required to develop rules or guidelines for safety assessments such as the Naval Ship Code (NSC) of NATO. Before the safety assessment of a damaged ship can be performed, the available damage scenarios must be developed and the safety assessment criteria must be established. In this paper, the parameters related to damage by accidents are identified and categorized when developing damage scenarios. The need for damage safety assessment criteria is discussed, and an

219 ABSTRACTS

example is presented. In addition, a concept and specifications for the DB-based supporting system, which is used in the operation phases, are proposed.

Damage control Groundings Safety

2015030597

Impact of contemporary ship stability regulations on safety of shallow-draught inland container vessels. Safety Science, v 72, February 2015, pp 105-115 http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0925753514002070 Bačkalov, I. English

Directive 2006/87/EC of the European Parliament and the Council represents a milestone in the on-going process of harmonization of technical standards for inland vessels in Europe. The Directive prescribes various safety requirements for freight and passenger vessels operating on the European inland waterways. This paper focuses on ship stability regulations laid out in the Directive 2006/87/EC in relation to the safety of shallow-draught inland container vessels designed for the Danube. Using the probabilistic analysis of stability of inland vessels exposed to stochastic beam wind, it is demonstrated that deterministic regulations imposed by the Directive fail to provide sufficient level of safety in a number of relevant cases. In addition, the paper presents an overview of environmental conditions used in safety analyses, as prescribed by diverse regulations presently in effect in Europe. It is shown that different rules may apply in the same area of navigation which subsequently leads to unequal safety levels attained by the vessels operating in given waterway. Therefore, the paper offers a universal risk-based alternative to the current safety rules, based on the statistical analysis of roll motion of a vessel in realistic weather conditions.

Containerships Inland waterways vessels Regulations Safety Stability

2015030598

A weighted CREAM model for maritime human reliability analysis. Safety Science, v 72, February 2015, pp 144-152 http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0925753514002045 Ung, S-T. English

Human error can be regarded as a significant factor contributing to marine accidents. Crew onboard vessels often perform duties in circumstances where technological, environmental and social factors emerge which may contribute to the occurrence of human failures. Fuzzy Cognitive Reliability and Error Analysis Methods (CREAM) is one of the most recognized HRA methods capable of tackling such difficulties. However, shortcomings are still disclosed and weaken the applicability of such an approach. These include the lack of considering input weights, the dubitation of the logicality of adopting rule base approaches to evaluate the relations between inputs and output and the loss of useful information due to the application of min–max fuzzy inference method. A new fuzzy CREAM methodology capable of resolving the aforementioned difficulties is proposed based on a rule base approach. The framework is validated using two axioms and demonstrated by virtue of an oil tanker example. The results are consistent with the principles evolved from the axioms since the outcomes are sensitive to the minor alterations of input data and weights. It is concluded that the weighted CREAM model is able to produce reliable human performance failure results and the strengths will not be compromised even if applied in circumstances where membership function shapes of fuzzy sets are various from traditional studies.

Fuzzy sets Human error Human reliability Risk analysis

2015030599

A locked-position monitor for improving safety of release hooks in enclosed lifeboats. RINA Transactions – IJME – v 156 part A4, October-December 2014 http://www.rina.org.uk/ijme.html Chang, K.Y., Chang, C.L., Et al English

Repeated casualties caused by inadvertent release of lifeboat release hooks during drills and inspections have attracted the attention of the International Maritime Organization, which correspondingly

ABSTRACTS 220

amends the Life-Saving Appliance (LSA) Code in the international convention for the Safety of Life at Sea. This study proposes novel installations of locked-position monitors on release hooks for monitoring and safety checks. With the installation of locked-position monitors near unsealed pull rod, upon lifting the lifeboat from the water, the sensors can initiatively detect whether the release hooks are in a locked position. If the release hooks are not in the locked position for any reason, audible alarms are activated, warning lifeboat operators to cease operations and wait for further inspection. The example provided in this research indicates that locked-position monitors can be implemented on lifeboats to reduce accidents resulting from malfunctioning lifeboat release hooks, thereby promoting a safer working environment for all seamen at sea.

Hooks Lifeboats

2015030600

Methodical approaches and results of safety analysis for offshore transport and technological systems. ISOPE 2014, 24th International Ocean and Polar Engineering Conference; 15-20 June 2014; Busan, Korea. Published by ISOPE, Cupertino, CA, US. ISBN 978-1 880653 91-3. Volume IV, p 571 http://www.isope.org/publications/proceedings/ISOPE/ISOPE%202014/index.htm Valdman, N.A. English

The paper presents the results of risk assessment and risk management analysis performed as part of the environmental impact studies of offshore processing and transportation systems designed for the shelf of the Arctic seas. Methodical approaches used for these purposes are analysed the case which, case studies of technical solutions and management decisions are given. It should be noted that in spite of overall improvement in the safety levels of offshore operations achieved over the last 10-20 years, the major accidents are still frequent and the safety barriers for efficient risk management and control remain to be an urgent issue.

Arctic regions Offshore platforms Risk analysis Risk management Safety

2015030601

Risk profiles of major ship types. ISOPE 2014, 24th International Ocean and Polar Engineering Conference; 15-20 June 2014; Busan, Korea. Published by ISOPE, Cupertino, CA, US. ISBN 978-1 880653 91-3. Volume IV, p 579 http://www.isope.org/publications/proceedings/ISOPE/ISOPE%202014/index.htm Kaneko, F., Yuzui, T. English

This paper shows risk profiles of major ship types which were obtained by analysing IHSF casualty and ship characteristics data-bases aiming at contributing to the step 2 of FSA introduced in the consideration of safety measures in the IMO. Individual risk, PLL and FN diagrams are considered as elemental indices which are components of risk profiles. Considered period is from 1978 to 2011, continuous 34 years. In this paper risk profiles of the former and the latter periods were compared and improvements of safety of such ship types are discussed. The method for identifying ship groups which need emergent consideration of safety measures to improve safety is dealt with. In addition a method for prioritizing types of casualty when considering safety measures is also shown. Finally a new method for approximation of FN diagrams and also a new method for setting evaluation criteria by applying that are proposed.

Risk analysis Safety Ships

2015030602

Improving towing safety in supply vessels and anchor-handling tugs. ITS 2014, 23rd International Tug, Salvage & OSV Convention and Exhibition; 16-20 June 2014, Hamburg, Germany. Papers. Published by the ABR Company Ltd., UK; ISBN 978-1-904050-26-1. Day 1, Paper 5, p 47 [9 p, 2 ref, 13 fig] https://www.tugandosv.com/books.php?cat=4 Allan, R. English

Incidents such as the loss of BOURBON DOLPHIN illustrate all too clearly that the business of towing and particularly handling large rig anchors at sea, can be risky at best and perilous if things go sideways in a hurry during critical manoeuvres. The formal review of such incidents focus on a forensic analysis of what may have happened to cause the loss of the AHTS or OSV, and some recommendations may arise. Seldom, however, do the investigators look at the

221 ABSTRACTS

fundamental aspects of the operation involved during the incident and ask “why do they do it that way?” This paper asks that very question, using the BOURBON DOLPHIN incident as background, and proposes a better way of designing safer anchor-handling tugs for these challenging operations.

Offshore service vessels Safety Towing Tugs

2015030603

New regulations for towing and anchor-handling vessels: the future is now. ITS 2014, 23rd International Tug, Salvage & OSV Convention and Exhibition; 16-20 June 2014, Hamburg, Germany. Papers. Published by the ABR Company Ltd., UK; ISBN 978-1-904050-26-1. Day 3, Paper 1, p 169 [21 p, 19 ref, 3 tab, 11 fig] https://www.tugandosv.com/books.php?cat=4 Jong, G. de English

At ITS 2010 Vancouver, Bureau Veritas (BV) presented the first draft of the Safety Guidelines for Design, Construction & Operation of Tugs, which was developed in co-operation with Lloyd's Register of Shipping and the American Bureau of Shipping under the umbrella of the SafeTug Joint Industry Project. Direct involvement of major stakeholders in the towing industry has proven to be vital to the successful realisation of the project. Following a period of industry feedback and further technical development, the draft guidelines have been revised and extended by BV in order to arrive at a definitive document. Key items which have been further developed include towing stability, towing equipment, escort performance simulation and the operational interaction between the tug and the assisted ship. BV is now in the process of implementing the guidelines into the classification process for tugs. In line with the recent technological and regulatory developments with regard to anchor-handling, BV has also redeveloped the classification rules for anchor-handling vessels, primarily focusing on intact stability during anchor-handling, and a holistic approach towards the assessment of anchor-handling equipment in a similar way as has been applied to tugs. The rules are intended to improve operational safety and reliability by providing detailed guidance for taking into account the effect of the wire tension on the stability of anchor-handling tugs and the deck equipment. Due to the comprehensive set-up, the rules support and

encourage the installation of reliable on-board decision support systems for the crew. With the introduction of the new regulatory framework, BV is setting future-proof standards for tugs and anchor-handling vessels with regard to safety and reliability, taking into account innovative design solutions proposed by the industry.

Anchor handling vessels Regulations Safety Towing Tugs

2.8 ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION

2015030604

Carbon capture and storage—Solidification and storage of carbon dioxide captured on ships. Ocean Engineering, v 91, 15 November 2014, pp 172-180 http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0029801814003229 Zhou, P., Wang, H. English

To meet the International Maritime Organization (IMO) target of 20% reduction of CO2 emissions from marine activities by 2020, application of Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) on ships is considered as an effective way to mitigate CO2 emissions while other low carbon shipping technologies are being developed. Literature reviews on CCS methods for onshore applications indicate that the current CCS technologies could not be implemented on boards directly due to various limitations on ships. A novel chemical CO2 absorption and solidification method for CO2 storage on-board is proposed, presented and analysed. Technical feasibility with explanation of principles and cost assessment are carried out for a case ship with a comparison to a conventional CCS method. The paper also presents results obtained from laboratory experiment including factors that affect the absorption. Theoretical study and laboratory experiment illustrate the proposed CO2 solidification method is a promising, cost effective and feasible method for CO2 emissions reduction on ships.

Absorption Emissions Solidification

ABSTRACTS 222

2015030605

Preliminary numerical study on oil spilling from a DHT. ISOPE 2014, 24th International Ocean and Polar Engineering Conference; 15-20 June 2014; Busan, Korea. Published by ISOPE, Cupertino, CA, US. ISBN 978-1 880653 91-3. Volume I, p 610 http://www.isope.org/publications/proceedings/ISOPE/ISOPE%202014/index.htm Yang, H., Lu, J., Yan, S. English

This paper reports a preliminary 3D numerical study of submerged oil spilling from a damaged Double Hull Tanker (DHT) using a VOFbased multiphase flow solver within the framework of the open-source CFD package OpenFOAM. In order to reflect the different features of two typical oil spilling scenarios, i.e. grounding and collision, two cases with spilling holes being located on the bottom and side wall of the DHT, respectively, are simulated. The numerical results are compared with the experimental data. Satisfactory agreements are achieved. The hydrodynamic features, particularly the role of the viscosity and turbulence effects, are discussed.

Computational fluid dynamics Double hulls Oil spills Tankers

2.9 GENERAL OPERATION

2015030606

Numerical analysis of docking operation between service vessels and offshore wind turbines. Ocean Engineering, v 91, 15 November 2014, pp 379-388 http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0029801814003515 Wu, M. English

Offshore renewable wind energy market is expected to expand dramatically in the next 5–10 years. Reduction of downtime is crucial to the competitiveness of this new sector. One important part of the research efforts is the evaluation of operational limits (weather limits) of different vessel/access concepts for transportation of maintenance personnel, equipment, and spare parts to the offshore wind turbines. This paper gives a brief description of possible types of service vessel and access system. It presents methodologies for

numerical analysis of docking operation by an active motion compensated access device and a simple fender. The proposed frequency-domain approach to the analysis of docking operation with fender is new and highly efficient compared to time-domain simulation. The methods have been applied to two vessel/access concepts in this paper and they can be used in docking operability assessments for a variety of vessels that employ an active motion compensated device or a fender as access system to offshore wind turbines.

Berthing Motion compensation Numerical analysis Offshore service vessels Wind turbines

2015030607

Economic analysis of trans-ocean LNG-fueled container ship. Journal of Marine Science and Technology, v 19 n 4, December 2014, pp 470-478 http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00773-014-0262-5 Adachi, M., Kosaka, H., Et al English

This paper proposes concepts and economic analysis of 9,300 TEU (Twenty-foot Equivalent Unit) trans-ocean container ship fuelled by LNG, sailing between Asia and Europe, based on the design of existing container ship fuelled by bunker oil. For a quantitative comparison, three projects complying with IMO Tier III NOx emission regulation are made: oil-fuelled ship with selective catalytic reduction (SCR), LNG-fuelled ship with low-speed diesel engine directly coupled to the propulsion system, and LNG-fuelled ship with medium-speed diesel electrical propulsion system. Moreover, parameters for the economic analysis study are evaluated by the market research and the general information: initial shipbuilding cost, freight revenue, operation expenditure, and fuel cost. Economic analysis by discount cash flow method shows that the project of LNG low-speed diesel ship is more attractive investment than the project of the oil-fuelled ship with SCR. Supposing that life time is 20 years, net present value of each LNG ship is larger than that of the oil-ship at the end of the projects. Moreover,

223 ABSTRACTS

refund time to payback initial cost for the LNG ship is shorter. This result is confirmed by the market price of LNG.

Containerships Economic analysis Liquefied natural gas

2015030608

The economic competitiveness of short sea shipping: an empirical assessment for Spanish ports. International Journal of Shipping and Transport Logistics, v 7 n 1, 2015, pp 42-67 http://www.inderscience.com/info/inarticle.php?artid=65894 Suárez-Alemán, A., Campos, J., Jiménez, J.L. English

This paper empirically studies the competitiveness of selected Short Sea Shipping (SSS) corridors by comparing the generalised costs of different alternatives to move cargo from Spain to several European destinations either by road or by using a SSS multimodal corridor. In the context of fair and efficient intermodal competition promoted by European Union (EU) policies, the results show that, apart from the internalisation of the external costs and the existence of bottlenecks in transit times, the freight rates should be also considered as a critical factor in explaining why a particular SSS corridor is more/less competitive than its road alternative. For that reason, the authors perform an econometric analysis to determine the main drivers of maritime prices in several SSS routes and quantify to what extent the instruments promoted by EU maritime policies - higher frequencies, fiercer competition or direct subsidies - favour real price reductions on them.

Competitiveness Cost analysis Short sea vessels

2015030609

Definition of optimal fleets for Sea Motorways: the case of France and Spain on the Atlantic coast. International Journal of Shipping and Transport Logistics, v 7 n 1, 2015, pp 89-113 http://www.inderscience.com/info/inarticle.php?artid=65898 Martinez-López, A., Sobrino, P.C., Santos, L.C. English

This work introduces an optimisation model to define the technical and operative features of fleets, which maximises the success opportunities in terms of cost and time for multimodal chains against the road. This model regards the relationships among technical alternatives for fleets, vessels, port facilities, cargo units and their influence on the activity of 'many to many' transport networks through short sea shipping. From the resolution of the model, it is possible to define not only the kind and number of vessels and cargo units, their manoeuvre means, speed and cargo handling systems, but also their naval architecture and engineering. A multi-objective evolutionary algorithm, the NSGA-II, has been applied to resolve this model as applied to multimodal chains between Spain and France through the Atlantic coast. Its application allows to verifying the utility of the model proposed. Finally, the most suitable fleets for the Sea Motorways Vigo-St.Nazaire and Gijón-St.Nazaire have been identified.

Fleet management Intermodal transportation Optimisation Short sea vessels

2015030610

Operation and handling in escort tugboat manoeuvres with the aid of automatic towing winch. Journal of Navigation, v 68 n 1, January 2015, pp 71-88 http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayAbstract?fromPage=online&aid=9447364&fulltextType=RA&fileId=S0373463314000435 Couce, L.C., Couce, J.C.C., Formoso, J.A.F. English

An escort tugboat comes to the aid of a vessel when that vessel is navigating in confined waters and at a speed that is usually higher than six knots. In the escort manoeuvre, two systems come into play. One is the propulsion and steering of the vessel. The other involves the tug winch in terms of the tension it exerts and the length of towline released. In this way,

ABSTRACTS 224

the tug winch becomes a key piece of equipment. Along with the difficulties of carrying out the manoeuvre itself are the risks resulting from the operation of the winch. For this reason, automatic manoeuvring systems have been developed to facilitate this operation. They consist of information technology applications that help the skipper with manoeuvring the tug. At the same time, they make it possible to display and monitor the most important parameters of the towing winch. This study describes a control system for the towline so that it can help carry out the towing manoeuvre with an escort tug. It indicates the control parameters for the manoeuvre, as well as the operational variables of the winch on which the system runs.

Control systems Manoeuvres Towing Tugs

2015030611

Eco-friendly selection of ship emissions reduction strategies with emphasis on SOx and NOx emissions. International Journal of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering, v 6 n 3, September 2014, p 737 [22 p, 54 ref, 4 tab, 4 fig] http://www.degruyter.com/view/j/ijnaoe.2014.6.issue-3/ijnaoe-2013-0209/ijnaoe-2013-0209.xml?format=INT Seddiek, I.S., Elgohary, M.M. English

Increasing amounts of ships exhaust gases emitted worldwide forced the International Maritime Organization to issue some restricted maritime legislation for reducing the adverse environmental impacts arising from such emissions. Consequently, ships emission reduction became one of the technical and economic challenges that facing the ships, operators. This paper addresses the different strategies that can be used to reduce those emissions, especially nitrogen oxides and sulfur oxides. The strategies included: applying reduction technologies onboard, using of alternative fuels, and follows one of fuel saving strategies. Using of selective catalytic reduction and sea water scrubbing appeared as the best reduction technologies onboard ships. Moreover, among the various proposed alternative fuels, natural gas, in its liquid state; has the priority to be used instead of conventional fuels. Applying one of those

strategies is the matter of ship type and working area. As a numerical example, the proposed methods were investigated at a high-speed craft operating in the Red Sea area between Egypt and the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The results obtained are very satisfactory from the point of view of environment and economic issues, and reflected the importance of applying those strategies

Alternative fuels Catalytic converters Emissions Scrubbers

2015030612

Automatic heading control for dynamic positioning in ice. 17th Dynamic Positioning Conference; 15-16 October 2013; Houston, TX, US. Organised by the Marine Technology Society DP Committee. Design and Control Session II [14 p, 26 ref, 16 fig] http://www.dynamic-positioning.com/dp2013/design_kerkeni.pdf Kerkeni, S. English

Offshore activities in ice-covered waters are gaining increased attention nowadays. Such operations as crew change, lifting, installation, drilling, etc. may require keeping the vessel on a fixed location during long time periods. The use of dynamic positioning systems appears therefore to be an attractive solution, being much more flexible than mooring operations. However, the ice environment is significantly different from open water conditions. As known from several full-scale experiments, systems developed for open water purpose do not answer all ice challenges. Nevertheless, recent R&D projects have demonstrated the feasibility of DP in ice. During the DYPIC project, a European collaborative program, large amount of ice model basin tests have been performed at the Hamburg Ship Model Basin. Those tests have not only spotlighted stationkeeping possibilities under certain challenging conditions, but have also brought out several important aspects of ice forces on the hull. In this paper, the DYPIC outcomes are used to build an automatic heading control system for a DP vessel in order to improve its stationkeeping abilities in ice. The system with automatic heading is then compared in a numerical simulation framework to a system with fixed heading. The results show that in selected scenarios the DP system with automatic

225 ABSTRACTS

heading control outperforms clearly the one with fixed heading control. Specifically, the ice loads and the power consumption are reduced considerably.

Automatic control Dynamic positioning Ice conditions

2015030613

New requirements for noise radiated from ships: pre-normative formulations and background. PRADS 2013, 12th International Symposium on Practical Design of Ships and Other Floating Structures; 20-25 October 2013; Changwon City, Korea. Proceedings. Published by Society of Naval Architects of Korea, ISBN 978-89-950016-0-8. Volume 2, p 769 [8 p, 19 ref, 6 tab, 7 fig] Gaggero, T., Rizzuto, E. http://www.snak.or.kr/eng/sub01_01.html English

One of the aims of the SILENV project, funded by the E.U. within the 7FP, was the development of pre-normative requirements regarding the impact of ship radiated noise into three different environments: onboard the vessel and outside it, in air and in water. The paper describes the background of the new formulations which generally take into account the existing requirements, the technical know-how in the field of ship construction about the characterization of noise source and transmission paths and the actual knowledge of the way noise affects the various categories of receivers involved. On these bases, objectives of the noise control are defined in the various areas and the final choices in terms of limits are reported, also highlighting the motivations at the basis of the requirements. Possible future trends in the redefinition of objectives for the control of noise and in normative developments are also discussed.

Airborne noise Noise reduction Noise level Underwater

2015030614

Energy use of fishing vessels operating in Tasmania. RINA Transactions – IJSCT – v 148 part B2, July-December 2014 http://www.rina.org.uk/ijsct.html Bishop, A., Chin, C.K.H., Thomas, G. English

This paper investigated the fuel consumption of

fishing vessels operating within the southern rock-lobster fishery and the south-eastern shark and scalefish fishery in Tasmanian waters. This was undertaken by sending a questionnaire to operators surveying different vessels and estimating the vessels’ efficiency. The estimated yearly efficiency was checked using a one sided t-test and a 95% confidence interval. Using this efficiency the fuel consumption for the 2011 calendar year for southern rock-lobster and SESSF long-line vessels was estimated to be between 1.12 to 1.6 ML and between 0.70 to 0.80 ML respectively. To reduce this fuel consumption, different engineering solutions such as removal of bilge keels, service speed reduction and addition of bulbous bow were investigated, and it was found that vessels could reduce their fuel consumption by 5 to 20%.

Efficiency Fishing vessels Fuel consumption

2015030615

Fundamental study of navigation simulation on the Northern Sea Route during the sea ice decrease period. ISOPE 2014, 24th International Ocean and Polar Engineering Conference; 15-20 June 2014; Busan, Korea. Published by ISOPE, Cupertino, CA, US. ISBN 978-1 880653 91-3. Volume I, p 1060 http://www.isope.org/publications/proceedings/ISOPE/ISOPE%202014/index.htm Shimada, Y. English

As a fundamental of the navigation simulation to understand the passage possibility through the Northern Sea Route (NSR), the navigation simulation is performed during the sea ice decrease period (2007 to 2011) with the sea ice concentration reanalysis. Under even the strictest sea ice condition, the continuous passage period through the NSR is from the end of August to the beginning of September in each year during 2009 to 2011. The NSR passage period in each year is irregular. The simulation in this study can evaluate whether ships can pass through the NSR and escort ships are needed.

Arctic waters Ice navigation Simulation

ABSTRACTS 226

2015030616

Organization and evaluation of effectiveness of container traffic on Northern Sea Route. ISOPE 2014, 24th International Ocean and Polar Engineering Conference; 15-20 June 2014; Busan, Korea. Published by ISOPE, Cupertino, CA, US. ISBN 978-1 880653 91-3. Volume I, p 1074 http://www.isope.org/publications/proceedings/ISOPE/ISOPE%202014/index.htm Taranukha, N.A., Burmenskiy, A.D. English

This paper discusses the organization of containership traffic via the Northern Sea Route (between the countries of Northern Europe and the Far East). The experience of cargo transportation along the Russian Arctic Coast is reviewed. The problem regarding the change of modern freight traffic of containers and the technologies of seaway container transportation is discussed. The peculiarities of traditional seaway container international transport corridors are examined. The problems and risks of transporting containers by traditional international transport corridors are discussed. The possibilities and problems of the Northern Sea Route commercial usage are examined. The main advantages and disadvantages of using the Northern Sea Route as a container transport passage are shown.

Arctic waters Containerised shipping

2015030617

Different technologies for making a wider channel in ice for large-size ships. ISOPE 2014, 24th International Ocean and Polar Engineering Conference; 15-20 June 2014; Busan, Korea. Published by ISOPE, Cupertino, CA, US. ISBN 978-1 880653 91-3. Volume I, p 1171 http://www.isope.org/publications/proceedings/ISOPE/ISOPE%202014/index.htm Sazonov, K.E., Dobrodeev, A.A. English

A new icebreaker concept has been developed at The Krylov State Research Centre. This novel icebreaker would be capable of making a 50 m or wider channel in ice. A remarkable feature of this advanced design is that the icebreaker will have a 30–40% lower icebreaking resistance as compared with a conventional icebreaker in making a channel of the same width. The paper suggests a different tactical method when the icebreaker leading a large-size

vessel is following a curvilinear path with a certain turning radius. This method makes it possible to reduce ice loads on the large-size vessel.

Ice navigation Ice resistance Icebreakers

2015030618

Using detailed vessel operating data to identify energy-saving strategies. ITS 2014, 23rd International Tug, Salvage & OSV Convention and Exhibition; 16-20 June 2014, Hamburg, Germany. Papers. Published by the ABR Company Ltd., UK; ISBN 978-1-904050-26-1. Day 1, Paper 9, p 89 [12 p, 8 ref, 6 tab, 5 fig] https://www.tugandosv.com/books.php?cat=4 Boyd, E., Macpherson, D. English

Reducing fuel consumption and improving energy efficiency on vessels is not a one-size-fits-all proposition. In order to maximise benefits and produce acceptable financial returns from any energy savings technology, it is first necessary to understand in sufficient detail how the vessel operates and consumes energy. It is clear that solutions that work well for a harbour tug with very low average engine loads will not produce the same value for ocean towing tugs that operate predominantly where diesel engines are most efficient. This paper uses published data and vessel operating data to create operating profiles for tugs in different operational scenarios and examines how this data can be used to quantify energy efficiency and identify fuel and energy savings solutions that fit the specific needs of the vessel. Finally, the paper explains how that data can be used to develop financial models to aid in design decisions.

Energy conservation Fuel consumption Ship operation Tugs Voyage data

227 ABSTRACTS

2015030619

Emergency and advanced tug handling simulation. ITS 2014, 23rd International Tug, Salvage & OSV Convention and Exhibition; 16-20 June 2014, Hamburg, Germany. Papers. Published by the ABR Company Ltd., UK; ISBN 978-1-904050-26-1. Day 2, Paper 7, p 147 [16 p, 3 ref, 12 fig] https://www.tugandosv.com/books.php?cat=4 Heel, D. van, Livingstone, G. English

The international towing industry is in the midst of a training crisis. Over the past five years, tragic (avoidable) towing accidents have continued nearly unabated. There are many factors that have contributed to this state of affairs. Over time, these factors have led to a serious dichotomy in training. It is the authors’ opinion that (industry-wide) tug masters are not provided with the same comprehensive high level of advanced and emergency simulator training that is currently considered standard for ship masters and pilots. There are notable exceptions that are unfortunately not the international standard. What happens then when the ship master and pilot on the largest, most technologically-advanced vessel in the world (who possess the highest level of advanced and emergency training possible) have ASO, ABO, VSO, VBO etc. assist tugs tethered to those vessels, but the tug master has not received the same high level of training? In many cases, training is woefully short of that which the pilot and master expect to receive. Innovative simulator training is one platform that (potentially) provides an effective path toward significant improvement in comprehensive emergency and advanced training. Nothing can replace the value of hands-on training in the wheelhouse of an actual working tugboat. However, with the onset of tremendous liability and loss in accidents, most towing professionals are neither provided with, nor desire, a real-world opportunity to train in emergency manoeuvring. The risk is too great for both towing professional and organisation. This paper delves into how and why this dichotomy in training between tug master and pilot/ship master came to be. The paper addresses the challenges faced on the software and engineering side of simulation to provide 'real world' experience. In conclusion, the paper lays out specific examples of comprehensive emergency and advanced manoeuvres to encourage further development of case-specific examples for simulation - emergency tug handling (ETH) and advanced tug handling (ATH) examples/cases in

order to provide tug masters with the same comprehensive training received by pilots and ship masters.

Manoeuvres Shiphandling training Simulator training Tugs

2015030620

A small vessel guide to ballast water management. ITS 2014, 23rd International Tug, Salvage & OSV Convention and Exhibition; 16-20 June 2014, Hamburg, Germany. Papers. Published by the ABR Company Ltd., UK; ISBN 978-1-904050-26-1. Day 2, Paper 8, p 163 [5 p, 1 fig] https://www.tugandosv.com/books.php?cat=4 Todd, C., Riggio, M. English

Two regulations have been promulgated to prevent the transfer of non-indigenous species between marine habitats of the world: the 2004 IMO Ballast Water Management Convention and the 2012 US Coast Guard Standards for Living Organisms in Ships' Ballast Water Discharged in US Waters. These regulations will apply to more than 60,000 vessels that carry ballast water between various worldwide ports, including smaller vessels that operate in a variety of applications such as towing and offshore support. This paper defines the regulations and reviews their applicability to smaller vessels, examines the merits and risks of each ballast water treatment technology, provides information on the relative impact of treatment systems to small vessel operations, and identify potential alternatives to on board treatment.

Ballast water Regulations Water treatment

2015030621

Introduction to ClassNK-NAPA GREEN. Class NK Technical Bulletin, v 32, 2014, p 27 [7 p, 8 fig] http://www.classnk.com/hp/en/index.html No author given English

Reducing fuel consumption in new and existing vessels is a critical issue for the maritime industry, which has endured a sustained period of escalating bunker prices and the introduction of new environmental regulations. This paper outlines the

ABSTRACTS 228

structure of a comprehensive eco efficiency and operational optimisation solution ClassNK-NAPA GREEN, which has been developed jointly by NAPA and ClassNK during the last two years. The study outlines the two core solutions offered: ClassNK-NAPA GREEN Monitoring and ClassNK-NAPA GREEN optimisation, outlining the benefits of the software to different customer segments including ship owners, ship operators and charterers, technical departments and shipyards. Additionally, the paper outlines how ClassNK-NAPA GREEN can validate operational savings of up to 30%. The paper highlights the differentiating factors of the product including the flexible capability of ClassNK-NAPA GREEN Monitoring to evaluate any key performance indicators (KPIs) desired by crew or shore side staff. KPI assessments are limitless but could include fuel use tonnage per mile or fuel consumption in different regions and sailing conditions. Data is presented in user-defined reports via NAPAs business intelligence tool, NAPA office, and once the vessel’s energy usage characteristics are understood pre-emptive and reactive actions can be taken to improve overall efficiency. Additionally, at a higher level, technical departments can compare fuel consumption across entire fleets, assessing their behaviour according to bunker budgets and feeding back revised voyage plans to commercial departments.

Operating costs Ship operation Ship performance monitoring

2015030622

Result of full scale ship trials of ClassNK-NAPA GREEN. Class NK Technical Bulletin, v 32, 2014, p 41 [7 p, 9 fig] http://www.classnk.com/hp/en/index.html Ramm-Schmidt, H. English

This paper presents the results of full-scale sea trials of a comprehensive eco-efficiency and operational optimisation solution ClassNK-NAPA GREEN, which achieved proven fuel reductions of up to 6% in studies undertaken between May 2012 and January 2014. Such savings have significant financial benefits; for a vessel consuming 100 tonnes of bunker fuel a day, the reduction equates to $3,500 in saved fuel costs per day at current Rotterdam bunker prices.

Fuel conservation Ship performance monitoring Ship trials

3.1 GENERAL HYDRODYNAMICS, HYDRAULICS AND OCEANOGRAPHY

2015030623

A performance study on the energy recovering turbine behind a marine propeller. Ocean Engineering, v 91, 15 November 2014, pp 152-158 http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0029801814003205 Lee, K-J., Bae, J-H., Et al English

This study presents the performance estimation of a turbine, as a new concept of energy saving device (ESD), utilizing the energy in the propeller slip stream. The turbine is designed to recover the rotational energy into torque to drive a generator inside the rudder. First, the problem of performance estimation is formulated by a numerical variational method so that the turbine generates a prescribed torque with minimum propulsion power of the propeller and without loss of the required thrust of the combined system. Each component is represented by vortex lattice lifting lines and the radial distribution of circulation is determined by the solution of the problem. It is investigated how the performance of the system depends on the design parameters such as power coefficient and rotational speed of the turbine. Finally, a turbine blade is designed for a selected case using the information from the parametric study. A CFD analysis based on RANS simulation is applied to look into the flow around the turbine blade. The results of the performance calculation are also compared with the preliminary predictions.

Energy Propeller races Recovery Turbines

2015030624

A higher-efficient three-dimensional numerical model for small amplitude free surface flows. China Ocean Engineering, v 28 n 5, October 2014, pp 617-628 http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s13344-014-0049-9 Lv, B. English

A higher-efficient three-dimensional non-hydrostatic model is developed to simulate small amplitude free

229 ABSTRACTS

surface flows based on a staggered unstructured grid. In this model, a fractional step algorithm is adopted to solve the Navier-Stokes equations in two major steps. A top-layer pressure method is proposed to minimize the number of vertical layers and subsequently the computational cost. Three classical examples of small amplitude free surface flows are used to demonstrate the capability and efficiency of the model. The satisfactory results demonstrated the capability and efficiency of modelling a range of small amplitude free surface flows with only a small number of vertical layers.

Fluid flow Free surfaces Numerical models Small amplitude

3.2 RESISTANCE AND PROPULSIVE PERFORMANCE

2015030625

A study on the effect of the cushion pressure on a planing surface. Ocean Engineering, v 91, 15 November 2014, pp 122-132 http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0029801814003096 Durante, D., Broglia, R., Et al English

The study of a planing flat plate may be considered as a topic of wide interest for academic and industrial applications. From experimental and numerical studies, flow separation occurs near the stagnation point and a thin jet sprays forward along the plate, while a clear wave pattern develops downstream. In the present study, the effect on the jet-root position caused by a cushion pressure applied on the downstream free surface is considered and the consequent variation in lift and drag coefficients is studied. This canonical problem is important in the design of Surface Effects Ships (SES), the bow seal of which may be assumed as a planing deformable surface with a cushion pressure behind it. This study focuses on the hydrodynamic interaction between the plate and the cushion pressure; as such, the plate geometry is prescribed. A two-dimensional numerical study of this problem has been performed in the present work using a finite-volume Chimera-

overlapping-grids approach to numerically solve the Navier–Stokes equations; the free surface is handled by means of two-phase level-set method. Validity of the results is assessed by the comparison with theoretical and numerical results available in the literature.

Computational fluid dynamics Flat plates Planing surfaces Pressure

2015030626

Reduction of demi-hull wave interference resistance in fast displacement catamarans utilizing an optimised centre bulb concept. Ocean Engineering, v 91, 15 November 2014, pp 227-234 http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0029801814003424 Danişman, D.B. English

A centre bulb was integrated to a catamaran in order to create a favourable secondary wave interference to reduce the unfavourable wave interference resistance between the demi-hulls. An Artificial Neural Network (ANN) technique is implemented together with a computational flow solver based on the low-Froude number theory, which uses a source-panel method with Dawson׳s algorithm, to find an efficient centre bulb geometry. In order to gain computation time in the optimisation algorithm the present ANN approach is applied to the responses of the flow solver to the centre bulb design parameter changes. The numerical design procedure is verified by model tests conducted with a catamaran model both with and without the centre bulb. Numerical and experimental analyses verify each other and confirm that it is possible to reduce wave interference in considerable amounts with an optimal centre bulb. The study presented for catamarans, demonstrates the capabilities of the optimisation procedure in reducing the wave interference resistance as well as the efficiency and ease of application of the centre bulb as a retrofit.

Catamarans High speed vessels Interference Optimisation Wave resistance

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2015030627

Propulsive factors in waves: A comparative experimental study for an open and a ducted propeller. Ocean Engineering, v 91, 15 November 2014, pp 262-272 http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0029801814003448 Bhattacharyya, A., Steen, S. English

The estimation of propulsive factors in waves is essential to understand the propulsion characteristics for a ship in actual sea conditions. While the propulsion factors of open propellers in waves have been established by significant experimental work, similar study for the ducted propulsion case couldn’t be found. The propeller-duct interaction has a considerable influence on the propulsive factors for a ducted propeller, and hence demands a separate study for understanding the effect of waves. This paper presents the results of model propulsion tests with a 120 m cargo vessel at two Froude numbers under different propeller loadings for a series of head sea conditions, carried out with both a ducted and an open propeller. Comparison of propulsive factors in waves shows that, there are differences in both magnitude and in some cases - also trend between an open and a ducted propeller, most notably in the effective wake fraction, where the ducted propeller shows a stronger influence of the waves. The thrust deduction fraction is found to be independent of propeller loading in a broad range of loadings. The propeller efficiency doesn’t seem to be much influenced by the waves, except for the effect of change of propulsion point.

Ducted propellers Propeller efficiency

2015030628

An experimental assessment of resistance reduction and wake modification of a KVLCC model by using outer-layer vertical blades. International Journal of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering, v 6 n 1, March 2014, p 151 [11 p, 11 ref, 4 tab, 12 fig] http://www.degruyter.com/view/j/ijnaoe.2014.6.issue-1/ijnaoe-2013-0169/ijnaoe-2013-0169.xml?format=INT An, N.H., Ryu, S.H., Et al English

In this study, an experimental investigation has been made of the applicability of outer-layer vertical

blades to real ship model. After first devised by Hutchins and Choi (2003), the outer-layer vertical blades demonstrated its effectiveness in reducing total drag of flat plate (Park et al., 2011) with maximum drag reduction of 9.6%. With a view to assessing the effect in the flow around a ship, the arrays of outer-layer vertical blades have been installed onto the side bottom and flat bottom of a 300k KVLCC model. A series of towing tank test has been carried out to investigate resistance (CTM) reduction efficiency and improvement of stern wake distribution with varying geometric parameters of the blades array. The installation of vertical blades led to the CTM reduction of 2.15~2.76% near the service speed. The nominal wake fraction was affected marginally by the blades array and the axial velocity distribution tended to be more uniform by the blades array.

Blades Drag reduction Turbulent boundary layer Wakes

2015030629

Parametric study of propeller boss cap fins for container ships. International Journal of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering, v 6 n 2, June 2014, p 187 [19 p, 20 ref, 8 tab, 26 fig] http://www.degruyter.com/view/j/ijnaoe.2014.6.issue-2/ijnaoe-2013-0172/ijnaoe-2013-0172.xml?format=INT Lim, S-S., Kim, T-W., Et al English

This study examined the design parameters of the propeller boss cap fin (PBCF) and hub cap for 6,000TEU container ships to improve the propulsion efficiency. The design parameters of PBCF have been selected based on the geometrical shape. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis with a propeller open water (POW) test was performed to check the validity of CFD analysis. The design of experiment (DOE) case was selected as a full factorial design, and the experiment was analysed by POW and CFD analysis. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed to determine the correlation among design parameters. Four design alternatives of PBCF were selected from the DOE. The shape of a propeller hub cap was selected as a divergent shape, and the divergent angle was determined by the DOE. Four design alternatives of PBCF were attached to the divergent hub cap, and the POW was estimated by CFD. As a result, the divergent hub cap with PBCF has a negative effect on

231 ABSTRACTS

the POW, which is induced by an increase in torque coefficient. A POW test and cavitation test were performed with a divergent hub cap with PBCF to verify the CFD result. The POW test result showed that the open water efficiency was increased approximately 2% with a divergent hub cap compared to a normal cap. The POW test result was similar to the CFD result, and the divergent hub cap with the PBCF models showed lower open water efficiency. This was attributed to an increase in the torque coefficient just like the CFD results. A cavitation test was performed using the 2 models selected. The test result showed that the hub vortex is increased downstream of the propeller.

Computational fluid dynamics Containerships Propeller hubs Propulsive efficiency

2015030630

Experimental investigation of frictional resistance reduction with air layer on the hull bottom of a ship. International Journal of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering, v 6 n 2, June 2014, p 363 [17 p, 17 ref, 4 tab, 25 fig] http://www.degruyter.com/view/j/ijnaoe.2014.6.issue-2/ijnaoe-2013-0185/ijnaoe-2013-0185.xml?format=INT Jang, J., Choi, S.H., Et al English

In an effort to cope with recent high oil price and global warming, developments of air lubricated ships have been pursued to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and to save fuel costs by reducing the frictional resistance. In this study, reduction in the frictional resistance by air lubrication with air layers generated on the lower surface of a flat plate was investigated experimentally in the large water tunnel of SSMB. The generated air layers were observed, and changes in the local frictional drag were measured at various flow rates of injected air. The results indicated that air lubrication with air layers might be useful in reducing the frictional resistance at specific conditions of air injection. Accordingly, resistance and self-propulsion tests for a 66K DWT

bulk carrier were carried out in the towing tank of SSMB to estimate the expected net power savings.

Air injection Air lubrication Experimentation Frictional resistance

2015030631

A numerical study of scale effects on performance of a tractor type podded propeller. International Journal of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering, v 6 n 2, June 2014, p 380 [12 p, 14 ref, 2 tab, 15 fig] http://www.degruyter.com/view/j/ijnaoe.2014.6.issue-2/ijnaoe-2013-0186/ijnaoe-2013-0186.xml?format=INT Choi, J-K., Park H-G., Kim, H-T. English

In this study, the scale effect on the performance of the podded propeller of tractor type is investigated. Turbulent flow computations are carried out for Reynolds numbers increasing progressively from model scale to full scale using the CFD analysis. The result of the flow calculation for model scale Reynolds numbers agrees well with that of the experiment of a large cavitation tunnel. The existing numerical analysis indicates that the performance of the podded propeller blades is mainly influenced by the advance coefficient and relatively little by the Reynolds number. However, the drag of pod housing with propeller in operation is different from that of pod housing without propeller due to the acceleration and swirl of propeller slipstream which is altered by propeller loading as well as the pressure recovery and friction according to Reynolds number, which suggests that the pod housing drag under the condition of propeller in operation is the key factor of the scale effect on the performance between model and full scale podded propellers. The so called ‘drag ratio’, which is the ratio of pod housing drag to total thrust of podded propeller, increases as the advance coefficient increases due to accelerated flow in the slipstream of the podded propeller. However, the increasing rate of the drag ratio reduces continuously as the Reynolds number increases from model to full scale progressively. The contribution of

ABSTRACTS 232

hydrodynamic forces, which acts on the parts composed of the pod housing with propeller operating in various loading conditions, to the thrust and the torque of the total propeller unit are presented for a range of Reynolds numbers from model to full scales.

Computational fluid dynamics Pods Propeller efficiency Scale effect

2015030632

Optimisation of energy saving device combined with a propeller using real-coded genetic algorithm. International Journal of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering, v 6 n 2, June 2014, p 406 [12 p, 13 ref, 4 tab, 19 fig] http://www.degruyter.com/view/j/ijnaoe.2014.6.issue-2/ijnaoe-2014-0188/ijnaoe-2014-0188.xml?format=INT Windén, B., Turnock, S., Hudson, D. English

This paper presents a numerical optimisation method to improve the performance of the propeller with Turbo-Ring using real-coded genetic algorithm. In the presented method, Unimodal Normal Distribution Crossover (UNDX) and Minimal Generation Gap (MGG) model are used as crossover operator and generation-alternation model, respectively. Propeller characteristics are evaluated by a simple surface panel method “SQCM” in the optimisation process. Blade sections of the original Turbo-Ring and propeller are replaced by the NACA66 a = 0.8 section. However, original chord, skew, rake and maximum blade thickness distributions in the radial direction are unchanged. Pitch and maximum camber distributions in the radial direction are selected as the design variables. Optimisation is conducted to maximize the efficiency of the propeller with Turbo-Ring. The experimental result shows that the efficiency of the optimised propeller with Turbo-Ring is higher than that of the original propeller with Turbo-Ring.

Energy conservation Optimisation Propeller efficiency

2015030633

A RANS modelling approach for predicting powering performance of ships in waves. International Journal of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering, v 6 n 2, June 2014, p 418 [13 p, 18 ref, 4 tab, 12 fig] http://www.degruyter.com/view/j/ijnaoe.2014.6.issue-2/ijnaoe-2013-0189/ijnaoe-2013-0189.xml?format=INT Windé, B., Turnock, S., Hudson, D. English

In this paper, a modelling technique for simulating self-propelled ships in waves is presented. The flow is modelled using a RANS solver coupled with an actuator disk model for the propeller. The motion of the ship is taken into consideration in the definition of the actuator disk region as well as the advance ratio of the propeller. The RPM of the propeller is controlled using a PID-controller with constraints added on the maximum permissible RPM increase rate. Results are presented for a freely surging model in regular waves with different constraints put on the PID-controller. The described method shows promising results and allows for the studying of several factors relating to self-propulsion. However, more validation data is needed to judge the accuracy of the model.

Computational fluid dynamics Propulsive performance Self propulsion

2015030634

Twisted rudder for reducing fuel-oil consumption. International Journal of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering, v 6 n 3, September 2014, p 715 [8 p, 9 ref, 4 tab, 8 fig] http://www.degruyter.com/view/j/ijnaoe.2014.6.issue-3/ijnaoe-2013-0207/ijnaoe-2013-0207.xml?format=INT Kim, J-H., Choi, J-E,, Et al English

Three twisted rudders fit for large container ships have been developed; 1) the Z-twisted rudder that is an asymmetry type taking into consideration incoming flow angles of the propeller slipstream, 2) the ZB-twisted rudder with a rudder bulb added onto the Z-twisted rudder, and 3) the ZB-F twisted rudder with a rudder fin attached to the ZB-twisted rudder. The twisted rudders have been designed computationally with the hydrodynamic characteristics in a self-propulsion condition in mind. The governing equation is the Navier-Stokes

233 ABSTRACTS

equations in an unsteady turbulent flow. The turbulence model applied is the Reynolds stress. The calculation was carried out in towing and self-propulsion conditions. The sliding mesh technique was employed to simulate the flow around the propeller. The speed performances of the ship with the twisted rudders were verified through model tests in a towing tank. The twisted versions showed greater performance driven by increased hull efficiency from less thrust deduction fraction and more effective wake fraction and decreased propeller rotating speed.

Computational fluid dynamics Energy conservation Rudders

2015030635

Using vortex lattice method and surface panel method to predict the unsteady hydrodynamic performance of podded propulsors. Journal of Ship Mechanics, n 9, 2014, pp 1035-1043 http://cblx.cssrc.com.cn/ Cai, H-p., Chen, K., Et al Chinese

A numerical method was developed to predict the unsteady hydrodynamic forces acting upon a propeller mounted on a pod. The method is based on a vortex lattice method for the propeller blades and a surface panel method for the pod. The unsteady velocities induced by propeller blades are time-averaged at the control points on the pod surface, while the propeller is considered to operate in a spatially inhomogeneous inflow due to the presence of the pod and the hull. Numerical computations are carried out for a 4-bladed propeller mounted on a pod, without and with the hull. The steady thrust and torque measured in a cavitation tunnel are used to partly validate the present method. The effect of pod on unsteady propeller forces and moments is discussed based on numerical results. The results indicate that the effect of the pod-strut unit’s effective wake is significant.

Hydrodynamic forces Numerical analysis Pods Propeller efficiency

2015030636

Experimental study on the resistance of an M-form model. Chinese Journal of Ship Research, v 9 n 5, 2014, pp 49-52 http://www.ship-research.com/EN/Y2014/V9/I5/49 Tang, J., Huang, W. Chinese

In order to estimate the hydrodynamic characters and resistance of M-form hulls accurately, this paper discusses an experimental study based on an M-form model. The influence of displacement and longitudinal centre of the gravity on resistance is studied, based on different measuring resistance, trim angles, and heave motions. The test results indicate that the M-form hull, unlike general planing crafts, has a particular resistance character of two resistance hump. When the sailing speed rises and exceeds the first hump, the resistance declines quite dramatically. When the sailing speed continues to rise and exceeds the second hump, the resistance maintains the same value. Besides, the sailing speed at the two resistance hump is unrelated with the displacement and longitudinal centre of gravity.

Hull resistance Model tests

2015030637

The investigation for interaction phenomenon of azimuth thruster on ships. PRADS 2013, 12th International Symposium on Practical Design of Ships and Other Floating Structures; 20-25 October 2013; Changwon City, Korea. Proceedings. Published by Society of Naval Architects of Korea, ISBN 978-89-950016-0-8. Volume 2, p 823 [6 p, 5 ref, 6 tab, 16 fig] http://www.snak.or.kr/eng/sub01_01.html Song, G., Kim, H., Et al English

This study considers the thrust loss induced by interactions between azimuth thruster and ship based on the model test and numerical simulation in parallel. There are two important forces acting on the ship in dynamic positioning condition: one is the thrust of the azimuth thruster and the other is the resultant thrust of the ship. The difference between these two thrusts means a thrust loss from the thruster-hull interaction. While the azimuth thruster can rotate azimuthally at the bottom of the model ship, the model ship is stopped and fixed to the towing carriage. The thrust and torque of the azimuth thruster was measured while rotating 15° interval

ABSTRACTS 234

from 0° to 360°, the resultant thrust and moment of the ship were obtained by measuring the force using dynamometer in the towing carriage at the same time. A wind turbine installation vessel designed for research was selected as a target ship in this research. From the model test, the thrust loss due to thruster-hull interaction was measured up to 30 of the pure thrust. In the numerical simulation two methodologies, Moving Reference Frame (MRF) and Sliding Mesh were applied. Although both numerical methods showed good agreement with the experimental data, it was suggested that the MRF method is more practical to predict the thrust loss from the view point of time-saving in the calculation.

Dynamic positioning Interactions Thrusters

2015030638

Calculation of unsteady inflow conditions for rudder vibration analyses. PRADS 2013, 12th International Symposium on Practical Design of Ships and Other Floating Structures; 20-25 October 2013; Changwon City, Korea. Proceedings. Published by Society of Naval Architects of Korea, ISBN 978-89-950016-0-8. Volume 2, p 833 [7 p, 7 ref, 8 fig] http://www.snak.or.kr/eng/sub01_01.html Abels, W. English

During the early ship design stage there is a demand for calculation methods with a short response time, to be able to calculate the effects of design decisions. Hydrodynamic design tools based on potential flow theory fulfill these requirements. In the past a lot of work has been done to develop analytical methods with a high degree of mathematical modelling. This was necessary due to the lack of computer power. Nowadays these theories can be used as very fast analysis tools during the early design stage. The unsteady lifting line theory of Zwick (1962) is an example for such a method. The method can be used to calculate the slipstream of a propeller in behind condition. The mathematical description of the theory has been implemented in Fortran and has been integrated in the ship design framework E4. Within

this framework the tool now can be used to calculate unsteady interaction between wake field, propeller and rudder.

Lifting line theory Propellers Rudders Wakes

2015030639

A study on the resistance test method for planing hull model using the high speed towing carriage. Journal of the Society of Naval Architects of Korea, v 51 n 5, October 2014, p 349 [7 p, 4 ref, 1 tab, 13 fig] http://www.koreascience.or.kr/article/ArticleFullRecord.jsp?cn=DHJSCN_2014_v51n5_349 Lee, Y-G., Ha, Y-J., Et al Korean

The resistance test of a high speed craft such as a planing ship is performed with a high speed towing carriage instead of ordinary towing carriage because of the speed limitation. In the resistance test using a high speed towing carriage, the model ship is fixed to the carriage to restrain the running attitude for enough measuring time. Such a method is called the fixed model test method. In the fixed model test method, to get the appropriate running attitude, the model test is iteratively repeated until the trim moment and lift force are close to zero. In this research, trim free model test method is investigated to reduce the number of iteration. The limitation of towing the speed range in the trim free model test method is investigated.

Model tests Planing hulls Resistance

2015030640

Effects of hull form variations on resistance and seakeeping performance of planing hulls with and without incoming regular waves. Journal of the Society of Naval Architects of Korea, v 51 n 5, October 2014, p 369 [11 p, 17 ref, 4 tab, 18 fig] http://www.koreascience.or.kr/article/ArticleFullRecord.jsp?cn=DHJSCN_2014_v51n5_369 Kim, D.J., Kim, S.Y., Et al Korean

Planing hull forms have significant influences on those hydrodynamic performances in calm water and

235 ABSTRACTS

in waves. Therefore, the hydrodynamic performance of a planing vessel should be predicted by model tests or theoretical calculations, and be confirmed whether it shows the performance requirements at the design stage. In this study, four planing hull forms are designed with the goal of the improvement of resistance and seakeeping performance, and 1/6.5 scale model tests are carried out in Seoul National University towing tank. The effects of design parameters such as length-to-beam ratio, deadrise angle and forebody shape on the hydrodynamic performance are investigated, based on model test results. Running attitude and resistance of model ships in calm water are also estimated by empirical formulae proposed by Savitsky (1964; 2007; 2012), and compared with the model test results. It is shown that calm water performance of non-prismatic planing hulls can be predicted well by Savitsky’s (2012) formula which improves the original Savitsky’s (1964/2007) formula by taking into account the variations of deadrise angles, and the actual angles between the hull bottom and the free surface.

Hull form Model tests Planing hulls Resistance Seakeeping

2015030641

Uncertainty study of added resistance experiment. Journal of the Society of Naval Architects of Korea, v 51 n 5, October 2014, p 396 [13 p, 22 ref, 9 fig, 12 tab] http://www.koreascience.or.kr/article/ArticleFullRecord.jsp?cn=DHJSCN_2014_v51n5_396 Park, D-M., Lee, J., Kim, Y. Korean

In this study, uncertainty analysis based on International Towing Tank Conference (ITTC) recommended procedures is carried out in a towing-tank experiment for motion responses and added resistance. The experiment was conducted for a KVLCC2 model in head sea condition. The heave, pitch and added resistance were measured in different wave conditions, and the measurement was repeated up to a maximum of 15 times in each wave condition in order to observe the uncertainty of measured data. The uncertainty analysis was carried out by adopting the ISO-GUM (International Organization for Standardization, Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty in Measurements) method recommended by ITTC. This paper describes the details about the analysis method, uncertainty and the measured

uncertainty for each source. The uncertainty analysis results are summarized as a tabular form. To validate the accuracy of the present measurement, the experimental results are compared with the results of numerical computation and other experiment. From the present uncertainty analysis, the main sources of uncertainty are identified, which can be very useful to improve the accuracy for added resistance experiment.

Added resistance in waves Model tests Seakeeping Uncertainty

2015030642

Numerical simulation of the flow around advancing ships in regular waves using a fixed rectilinear grid system. Journal of the Society of Naval Architects of Korea, v 51 n 5, October 2014, p 419 [10 p, 23 ref, 1 tab, 18 fig] http://www.koreascience.or.kr/article/ArticleFullRecord.jsp?cn=DHJSCN_2014_v51n5_419 Jeong, K-l., Lee, Y-G. Korean

This paper presents a numerical simulation method for the flow around advancing ships in regular waves by using a rectilinear grid system. Because the grid lines do not consist with body surface in the rectilinear grid system, the body geometries are defined by the interaction points of those grid lines and the body surface. For the satisfaction of body boundary conditions, no-slip and divergence free conditions are imposed on the body surface and body boundary cells, respectively. Meanwhile, free surface is defined with the modified marker density method. The pressure on the free surface is determined to make the pressure gradient terms of the governing equations continuous, and the velocity around the free surface is calculated with the pressure on the free surface. To validate the present numerical method, a vortex induced vibration (VIV) phenomenon and flows around an advancing Wigley III ship model in various regular waves are simulated, and the results are compared with existing and corresponding research data. Also, to check the applicability to practical ship model, flows around KRISO Container Ship (KCS) model advancing in calm water are numerically simulated. On the simulations, the trim and the sinkage are set free to compare the running

ABSTRACTS 236

attitude with some other experimental data. Moreover, flows around the KCS model in regular waves are also simulated.

Added resistance in waves Containerships Ship motions Wigley models

2015030643

Study on the estimation of the optimum trims in container carriers by using CFD analysis of ship resistances. Journal of the Society of Naval Architects of Korea, v 51 n 5, October 2014, p 429 [6 p, 7 ref, 2 tab, 11 fig] http://www.koreascience.or.kr/article/ArticleFullRecord.jsp?cn=DHJSCN_2014_v51n5_429 Park, S-H., Lee, S.B., Lee, Y.M. Korean

The main objective of this study is to elucidate a correlation between ship resistances from computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and brake horse powers (BHP) from towing tank in container carriers. The tests were conducted for a range of combinations of trim conditions and speeds. To achieve this goal, 295 cases of numerical simulation have been performed using Star-CCM+ which had been statistically verified to predict ship resistances (Lee & Lee, 2014). Based on the normal distribution of resistance errors in all cases of the 4 container carriers, the confidence interval of numerical error was estimated as [-2.33%,+2.42%] with 95% confidence. The correlation coefficients between the ship resistances of CFD and the brake horse powers of the experiments were higher than 0.93. As a result, the numerical calculation of ship resistances is able to be utilized in order to provide a quick guidance in selection of the optimum loading condition.

Computational fluid dynamics Resistance Trim

2015030644

Comparison between freewheeling and locked sailboat propeller drag using a computational fluid dynamics approach. RINA Transactions – IJSCT – v 148 part B2, July-December 2014 http://www.rina.org.uk/ijsct.html Spall, R.E. English

Computational fluid dynamics calculations were performed to predict the drag of locked and freewheeling 2- and 3-blade, 12 inch diameter, 6 and 10 inch constant pitch sailboat propellers. Drag levels and coefficients for both freewheeling and locked configurations are presented for flow velocities ranging from 1 m/s to 4 m/s. Results indicate that the drag for the freewheeling configurations were in all cases below those for the locked configurations at equivalent flow velocities. However, the relative magnitude of the decrease was found to be strongly dependent on the blade design.

Computational fluid dynamics Drag Propellers

2015030645

Experiments with stepped planing hulls for special operations craft. RINA Transactions – IJSCT – v 148 part B2, July-December 2014 http://www.rina.org.uk/ijsct.html Morabito, M.G., Pavkov, M.E. English

Many of today’s special operations craft and high-speed patrol boats can operate at volume Froude numbers high enough to justify the use of a stepped planing hull; however most of these boats are un-stepped. This paper describes experiments to determine the effect of adding a single step into the bottom of a planing hull with loading parameters consistent with modern special operations craft. In contrast to multi-step pleasure craft, which can operate at volumetric Froude numbers of 10, special operations craft often operate at volumetric Froude numbers of around 5, owing to the increased payload and decreased speed. Previous towing tests on a variety of stepped hull configurations indicated that a promising configuration for special operations craft may be a single step located near the transom (alternatively known as a hydrodynamic transom forward of the stern). The present experiments investigate this configuration further, by testing a single-step hull, with step located at 25% of the

237 ABSTRACTS

length forward of the transom. The step height is systematically varied to observe the effect on resistance, trim, wetted surface area and porpoising stability over a wide range of speeds. Of the configurations tested, the best reduced model resistance by 25% at the highest speeds tested, while increasing resistance by 10% in the hump speed regime. The stepped hulls tested had porpoising limits similar to conventional planing monohulls. A short method is provided to illustrate when a stepped hull may be advantageous for a given design.

Model tests Planing hulls Resistance Special vessels

2015030646

Computation of propeller-hull interaction using simple body-force distribution model around modified Series 60 CB = 0.6 hull with hub. ISOPE 2014, 24th International Ocean and Polar Engineering Conference; 15-20 June 2014; Busan, Korea. Published by ISOPE, Cupertino, CA, US. ISBN 978-1 880653 91-3. Volume IV, p 759 http://www.isope.org/publications/proceedings/ISOPE/ISOPE%202014/index.htm Win, Y.N., Tokgoz, E., Et al English

A simple body-force distribution model by quasi-steady blade element theory is coupled with the Reynolds averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) code CFDSHIP-IOWA to study the propeller-hull interaction around Series 60 CB = 0.6 hull. The hull form is modified with the stern tube and the hub; and the propeller is a right-handed 5 blade fixed pitch Modified-AU methodical series type which is treated as infinite bladed model. In this paper as an extended research of Win et.al (2013), the detailed flow field in the wake region is observed and the effect of the existence of the rotating hub in the computation of the propeller is analysed.

Computational fluid dynamics Hull propeller interaction Series 60

2015030647

Application of quasi-continuous method to open-water characteristics predictions of propellers with energy saving ducts. ISOPE 2014, 24th International Ocean and Polar Engineering Conference; 15-20 June 2014; Busan, Korea. Published by ISOPE, Cupertino, CA, US. ISBN 978-1 880653 91-3. Volume IV, p 774 http://www.isope.org/publications/proceedings/ISOPE/ISOPE%202014/index.htm Hanaoka, A., Kawanami, Y., Hinatsu, M. English

QCM has been applied to open-water thrust and torque predictions of the ducted propellers with different positions of the propeller and duct. The QCM results are in good agreement with the experimental data of the propellers positioned inside a duct. The results of propellers in the downstream of the duct show no significant dependence on the length of the straight trailing vortex of the duct. Comparison with the results calculated without any duct has indicated no improvement of the calculated open-water characteristics by positioning the present duct in front of the present propeller.

Ducted propellers Propeller efficiency Trailing vortices

2015030648

Numerical analysis of ship hull resistance considered trims. ISOPE 2014, 24th International Ocean and Polar Engineering Conference; 15-20 June 2014; Busan, Korea. Published by ISOPE, Cupertino, CA, US. ISBN 978-1 880653 91-3. Volume IV, p 782 http://www.isope.org/publications/proceedings/ISOPE/ISOPE%202014/index.htm Yang, L., Zhu, P., Qin, Z. English

QCM has been applied to open-water thrust and torque predictions of the ducted propellers with different positions of the propeller and duct. The QCM results are in good agreement with the experimental data of the propellers positioned inside a duct. The results of propellers in the downstream of the duct show no significant dependence on the length of the straight trailing vortex of the duct. Comparison with the results calculated without any

ABSTRACTS 238

duct has indicated no improvement of the calculated open-water characteristics by positioning the present duct in front of the present propeller.

Hull resistance Numerical analysis

2015030649

Development of energy-saving devices for a full slow-speed ship through improving propulsion performance. PRADS 2013, 12th International Symposium on Practical Design of Ships and Other Floating Structures; 20-25 October 2013; Changwon City, Korea. Proceedings. Published by Society of Naval Architects of Korea, ISBN 978-89-950016-0-8. Volume 2, p 971 [5 p, 16 ref, 7 tab, 8 fig] http://www.snak.or.kr/eng/sub01_01.html Choi, J-E., Kim, J-H., Et al English

Energy-saving devices (ESD) for a 317K VLCC have been developed from a propulsion standpoint. Two ESD candidates were designed via computational tools. The first device WAFon composes flow-control fins adapted for the ship wake to reduce the loss of rotational energy. The other is WAFon-D, which is a WAFon with a duct to obtain additional thrust and to distribute the inflow velocity on the propeller plane uniform. Effective CFD techniques were applied to compute the unsteady turbulent flow of a ship under self-propulsion condition so as to save computing time. The sliding-mesh technique was used to simulate the flow around an actuating propeller. After selecting the candidates from the computed results, the speed performances were validated with model-tests carried out at a towing tank. The hydrodynamic characteristics of the ESDs may be found in improved hull and propulsive efficiencies through increased wake fraction. The reduction rates of the delivered power of the object ship equipped with WAFon and WAFon-D are 3.0 and 6.1, respectively.

Energy conservation Propulsive efficiency Propulsive performance

2015030650

Phase-averaged SPIV flow field measurement for KVLCC2 propeller in waves. ISOPE 2014, 24th International Ocean and Polar Engineering Conference; 15-20 June 2014; Busan, Korea. Published by ISOPE, Cupertino, CA, US. ISBN 978-1 880653 91-3. Volume IV, p 802 http://www.isope.org/publications/proceedings/ISOPE/ISOPE%202014/index.htm Ho, K., Hayashi, Y., Et al English

Investigating the propeller load fluctuation in waves is very important to consider ship propulsion performance in waves. Many studies have been done for propulsion in waves. Some studies exist on prediction of inflow by direct measurement of thrust force or torque; however, some problems regarding measurement phase occur due to the gravity gradient component of the shaft and propeller that affects thrust measurements and response of spring system. The velocity distribution at the propeller plane has not been measured in detail due to the experimental difficulties. However, with the rapid progress of CFD codes the computation of the flow field around a moving ship in waves is possible. But the validation data for detailed flow field is not available. Some phase-averaged flow measurements were done for various conditions, but the flow fields around a ship with motion in waves is not available. So, the phase averaged flow measurement is conducted in this study using stereo PIV system and phase synchronizer with heave motion. In this study, phase-averaged flow field in waves was measured using SPIV system in the towing tank around the KVLCC2 model ship in full load condition which has no appendages, rudder, and propellers. The model tests have been performed at forward speed Fr=0.142 (Re=2.55×106) for three head wave conditions (λ/Lpp=0.6, 1.1, 1.6) and one calm water condition. The fluctuation of propeller plane wake is discussed based on the measured results.

Added resistance in waves Flow distribution Propeller races

239 ABSTRACTS

3.3 MOTION, SEAKEEPING AND MANOEUVRING

2015030651

The numerical prediction of draghead motion of trailing suction Hopper dredger in time domain. Ocean Engineering, v 91, 15 November 2014, pp 146-151 http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0029801814003254 Chen, Z., Ye, J., Et al English

The real-time prediction of draghead motion induced by trailing suction hopper dredger motion is important to enable high operating efficiency and crucial to proper design of wave compensation device of draghead. A numerical method to predict the draghead motion excited by the dynamic response of trailing suction hopper dredger to disturbance is introduced. The motion equations of ship are formulated and numerically solved coupling the effect of draghead. Further, the draghead motion has been established and exhibited. Finally, the time-related factors influencing the draghead motion, such as draft, sea states and so on in the course of operation, are investigated. The numerical simulation result shows that the vertical motion amplitudes of draghead are influenced by wave height and draft obviously, which should be taken into account in the design of wave compensator of draghead.

Equations of motion Hopper dredgers Motion Suction dredgers Time domain

2015030652

Influence of ducted propeller on seakeeping in waves. Ocean Engineering, v 91, 15 November 2014, pp 243-251 http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0029801814003400 Bhattacharyya, A., Steen, S. English

It has been claimed that the use of a ducted propeller instead of an open propeller reduces the pitching motions of a ship, and the added resistance in waves. In addition, there is the potential benefit of smaller loss in propulsive efficiency when the propeller loading increases due to added resistance. Although

little documentation for the validity of these claims is found, they look reasonable, since the duct has an effect similar to a passive foil, which is proven to reduce the vertical plane motions of high speed vehicles. This paper investigates the effect of a duct on the seakeeping of conventional ships. It is shown how the effect of the duct on the motions can be modelled by an equivalent flat foil. The effect of duct on motions and added resistance is investigated using linear strip theory. Results of model tests using a conventional 120 m single screw cargo vessel with a ducted and an open propeller are presented. The model test results confirm the findings from the numerical calculations, which is that the duct needs to be much larger than what is typical for such a ship in order to have a significant influence on the seakeeping performance.

Ducted propellers seakeeping

2015030653

Directional stability of a ship in close proximity to channel wall. Journal of Marine Science and Technology, v 19 n 4, December 2014, pp376-393 http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00773-014-0271-4 Sano, M., Yasukawa, H., Hata, H. English

Ship manoeuvring motions are affected by so-called bank suction forces when proceeding in close proximity to channel wall. In fact, some rudder angles would be required to maintain the course and proper rudder activities are needed to be directionally stable. The authors conducted captive model tests in a channel with variations in water depth, off-centreline displacement, ship speed, hull drift angle and rudder angle. The shallow water and bank effects on the hydrodynamic force characteristics were investigated. Based on the regression mathematical model, the rudder angle and hull drift angle required at equilibrium conditions were estimated and the limiting off-centreline displacement for safe operation was proposed. Directional stability in the channel was also studied based on the eigenvalue analysis and dynamic manoeuvring motion simulations. The

ABSTRACTS 240

stable/unstable zone for course keeping according to control system characteristics would be important for the manoeuvring operation.

Shallow water effects Stability Wall effects

2015030654

Sensitivity analysis and parametric identification for ship manoeuvring in 4 degrees of freedom. Journal of Marine Science and Technology, v 19 n 4, December 2014, pp 394-405 http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00773-014-0277-y Wang, X-G., Zou, Z-J., Et al English

The spiral test is simulated by using a ship manoeuvring mathematical model of 4 degrees of freedom. Based on the simulation data, sensitivity analysis using the direct method is implemented for the hydrodynamic coefficients in the mathematical model, and the mathematical model is simplified by omitting the coefficients of smaller sensitivity according to the sensitivity analysis results. 10°/10°, 20°/20° zigzag tests and 35° turning circle manoeuvre are simulated with the original and the simplified mathematical models. The comparison of simulation results obtained by the original and the simplified models shows the effectiveness of the sensitivity analysis and the validity of the simplified model. The hydrodynamic coefficients in the simplified model are then identified by using the least square support vector machines, with the training samples taken from the simulation data of 20°/20° zigzag test. 20°/20°, 10°/10° zigzag tests and 35° turning circle manoeuvre are predicted by using the identified hydrodynamic coefficients, and the predicted results are compared with the simulation results to demonstrate the validity and generalization performance of the identification method.

Hydrodynamic coefficients Manoeuvring Mathematical models

2015030655

Analytical methods to predict the surf-riding threshold and the wave-blocking threshold in astern seas. Journal of Marine Science and Technology, v 19 n 4, December 2014, pp 415-424 http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00773-014-0257-2 Maki, A., Umeda, N., Et al English

For the safe design and operation of high-speed craft, it is important to predict the behavior of these craft in following and astern quartering seas as it is well known that serious problems can occur when a vessel is forced by the waves to travel at wave speed. The surf-riding threshold is the lower speed limit above which the vessel will be forced to travel at wave speed (usually on the face of the wave) which is generally accepted to be a prerequisite for broaching. While a vessel travelling below this speed will experience significant changes in its longitudinal speed in the wave, it will not be forced to travel at wave speed. For high-speed craft, the wave-blocking threshold also becomes important. This is the upper speed, below which the vessel will also be forced to travel at wave speed (usually on the back of the wave) and is related to the possibility of bow diving. By the application of a polynomial approximation to the wave-induced surge force, including the nonlinear surge equation, an analytical formula to predict both the surf-riding and the wave-blocking thresholds is proposed. Comparative results of the surf-riding threshold and wave-blocking threshold predicted utilizing the proposed formula and the thresholds predicted using numerical bifurcation analysis indicate fairly good agreement. In addition, previously proposed analytical formulae are examined. It is concluded that predictions of these thresholds obtained using the analytical formulae based on a continuous piecewise linear approximation and Melnikov’s method agree well when used to predict these thresholds with predictions obtained from numerical bifurcation analysis and those obtained experimentally using free-running models. As a result, it is considered that these two calculation methods could be recommended for the early design stage tool for avoiding broaching and bow diving.

Approximation Broaching High speed vessels Mathematical analysis Surging

241 ABSTRACTS

2015030656

Numerical analysis of righting moment for heeling of a wing with heel angles in the surface effect. Journal of Marine Science and Technology, v 19 n 4, December 2014, pp 493-502 http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00773-014-0263-4 Kanehira, M., Akomoto, H. English

A wing-in-surface-effect-ship (WISES) is a high-speed transportation system that utilizes the enhanced lift-to-drag ratio which occurs in the proximity of the water surface. Unlike conventional aircraft and ships, a WISES experiences a righting moment against heeling from the surface. In this study, the authors analysed the flow around a wing that has heel angles in the surface effect using Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (RaNS) simulations and experiments. The numerical results were compared with the measurements obtained in the wind tunnel tests to confirm the validity of the computational approach under several conditions. To detect the righting moment for heeling without the effect of a boundary layer, a towing tank experiment was implemented and the results compared. In the towing tank experiment, a wing model was towed above flat plates in the water. The results showed that a righting moment is generated for a wing that has heel angles in the surface effect. The righting moment is not proportional to the heel angle. In addition, the moment increases with decrease of the trailing edge altitude. Furthermore, it was found that the addition of endplates enhances the righting moment.

Heel (list) Stability Surface effect ships Wing in ground effect craft

2015030657

Reducing response of offshore platforms to wave loads using hydrodynamic buoyant mass dampers. Engineering Structures, v 81, 15, December 2014, pp 162-174 http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0141029614005744 Moharrami, M., Tootkaboni, M. English

In this paper, an innovative concept is introduced for reducing the displacement response of tower type fixed offshore platforms to wave loads. The idea is based on utilizing a Hydrodynamic Buoyant Mass Damper (HBMD), which employs damper’s

buoyancy and inertia forces, along with hydrodynamic damping effects, to reduce the displacement response of the platform. A four-legged platform is investigated in which the HBMD is added at the appropriate elevation. Because of the high volume of the damper, the associated added mass and consequently the generated inertia force is significant. On the other hand, as a result of the damper’s eccentricity with respect to the platform’s position in its deformed configuration, the upward buoyancy force causes reversal moment that can potentially counteract those generated by wave loads. The results indicate that, if positioned and attached appropriately, the damper interacts with the platform in a way that could result in reducing the response of the platform to wave loads. Response reduction factors are proposed to evaluate the performance of the hydrodynamic buoyant mass damper and seek the optimal stiffness in damper’s attachment to the platform.

Damping Offshore platforms Platform response Wave loads

2015030658

Model test of an inverted conical cylinder floating offshore wind turbine moored by a spring-tensioned-leg. International Journal of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering, v 6 n 1, March 2014, p 1 [13 p, 16 ref, 4 tab, 13 fig] http://www.degruyter.com/view/j/ijnaoe.2014.6.issue-1/issue-files/ijnaoe.2014.6.issue-1.xml Shin, H., Cho, S., Jung, K. English

A new 5-MW floating offshore wind turbine moored by a spring-tensioned-leg was proposed for installa-tion in about 50m water depth. Its substructure is a platform of the inverted conical cylinder type with massive ballast weight plate at the bottom. A 1:128 scale model was built for the preliminary engineering development. Model tests in waves and wind were carried out to estimate motion characteristics of this platform. Its motions were measured and the RAOs were compared. The proposed floating offshore wind

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turbine showed a good stability and decent responses in waves, wind and operation of the wind turbine.

Floating structures Model tests Platform motions Wind turbines

2015030659

Self-similarity in the equation of motion of a ship. International Journal of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering, v 6 n 2, June 2014, p 333 [14 p, 13 ref, 4 fig] http://www.degruyter.com/view/j/ijnaoe.2014.6.issue-2/ijnaoe-2013-0183/ijnaoe-2013-0183.xml?format=INT Lee, G.J. English

Too analyse the motion of a body in fluid, rigid-body dynamics and fluid dynamics should be used together. Even if the rigid-body and fluid dynamics are each self-consistent, there arises the problem of self-similar structure in the equation of motion when the two dynamics are coupled with each other. When the added mass is greater than the mass of a body, the calculated motion is divergent because of its self-similar structure. This study showed that the above problem is an inherent problem. This problem of self-similar structure may arise in the equation of motion in which the fluid dynamic forces are treated as external forces on the right hand side of the equation. A reconfiguration technique for the equation of motion using pseudo-added-mass was proposed to resolve the self-similar structure problem; specifically for the case when the fluid force is expressed by integration of the fluid pressure.

Added mass Computational fluid dynamics Equations of motion Ship motions

2015030660

Design of an adaptive backstepping controller for auto-berthing a cruise ship under wind loads. International Journal of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering, v 6 n 2, June 2014, p 347 [14 p, 17 ref, 2 tab, 13 fig] http://www.degruyter.com/view/j/ijnaoe.2014.6.issue-2/ijnaoe-2013-0184/ijnaoe-2013-0184.xml?format=INT Park, J-Y., Kim, N. English

The auto-berthing of a ship requires excellent control for safe accomplishment. Crabbing, which is the pure sway motion of a ship without surge velocity, can be used for this purpose. Crabbing is induced by a peculiar operation procedure known as the push-pull mode. When a ship is in the push-pull mode, an interacting force is induced by complex turbulent flow around the ship generated by the propellers and side thrusters. In this paper, three degrees of freedom equations of the motions of crabbing are derived. The equations are used to apply the adaptive backstepping control method to the auto-berthing controller of a cruise ship. The controller is capable of handling the system nonlinearity and uncertainty of the berthing process. A control allocation algorithm for a ship equipped with two propellers and two side thrusters is also developed, the performance of which is validated by simulation of auto-berthing.

Berthing Control Cruise ships Sideways manoeuvres

2015030661

Influence of the legs underwater on the hydrodynamic response of the multi-leg floating structure. Ships and Offshore Structures, v 9 n 6, 2014, pp 578-595 http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/17445302.2013.867646#.VIlpyU1yaUk Wu, H-l., Chen, X-j., Et al English

The wind farm installation vessel is a floating structure with multiple legs. The legs underwater have a prominent effect on the responses of the vessel on waves. The main factor is that the existing of the legs under water leads to the hydrodynamic characteristics different from the normal vessel

243 ABSTRACTS

without legs. To analyse the influence of the legs underwater on the hydrodynamic responses, five cases are classified according to the length of the legs under water. Then, the hydrodynamic responses of the structure in different cases are numerically simulated by applying the three-dimensional potential theory. The hydrodynamic coefficients, wave excitation loads and RAOs of the six degrees of freedom in different wave frequencies are calculated and compared. The results show that the effects of the legs underwater on the hydrodynamic response of a floating structure with multiple legs are visible except for heave motion of the floating body.

Dynamic response Floating structures Offshore structures

2015030662

Effects of hull form parameters on seakeeping for YTU gulet series with cruiser stern. International Journal of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering, v 6 n 3, September 2014, p 700 [15 p, 8 ref, 16 tab, 9 fig] http://www.degruyter.com/view/j/ijnaoe.2014.6.issue-3/ijnaoe-2013-0206/ijnaoe-2013-0206.xml?format=INT Cakici, F., Aydin, M. English

This study aims to identify the relations between seakeeping characteristics and hull form parameters for YTU Gulet series with cruiser stern. Seakeeping analyses are carried out by means of computer software which is based on the strip theory and statistical short term response prediction method. Multiple regression analysis is used for numerical assessment through computer software. RMS heave-pitch motions and absolute vertical accelerations on passenger saloon for Sea State 3 at head waves are investigated for this purpose. It is well known that while ship weight and the ratios of main dimensions are the primary factors on ship motions, other hull form parameters (CP, CWP, CVP, etc.) are the secondary factors. In this study, to have an idea of geometric properties on ship motions of gulets three different regression models are developed. The obtained outcomes provide practical predictions of

seakeeping behavior of gulets with a high level of accuracy that would be useful during the concept design stage

Hull form Regression analysis Seakeeping

2015030663

Planing hull seakeeping in irregular head seas. Transactions of FAMENA, University of Zagreb, Croatia, v 38 n 3, 2014, p 1 [12 p, 17 ref, 10 tab, 10 fig] http://hrcak.srce.hr/index.php?show=clanak&id_clanak_jezik=191496 Begovic, E., Bertorello, C., Pennino, S. English

The paper presents the results of planing hull seakeeping tests in irregular seas. The tested model belongs to a small systematic series developed at the University of Naples; it is a prismatic hull very similar to the well-known Fridsma models. The 16.7 degrees deadrise angle, length-to-breadth and load coefficient are representative of modern hull forms of pleasure boats. Tests in irregular waves have been performed at three speeds for one displacement in three sea states. The measured heave, pitch, acceleration at the centre of gravity and at bow have been analysed in the time domain and the results are presented in terms of significant values (the mean of 1/3rd highest values). They are given in tabular and graphical form. Furthermore, the obtained results are commented with respect to the state of the art in planing hull seakeeping, and compared with the available experimental data from literature. The conclusions highlight the applicability of these data in design practice, commenting on trends and the range of significant parameters.

Irregular waves Model tests Planing hulls Seakeeping

ABSTRACTS 244

2015030664

Experimental study on heave and pitch motion characteristics of a wave-piercing trimaran. Transactions of FAMENA, University of Zagreb, Croatia, v 38 n 3, 2014, p 13 [14 p, 21 ref, 3 tab, 13 fig] http://hrcak.srce.hr/index.php?show=clanak&id_clanak_jezik=191508 Vakilabadi, K.A., Khedmati, M.R., Seif, M.S. English

Dynamic behaviour of a trimaran vessel is investigated in this study. The body of the trimaran is composed of a centre hull with a quite slender wave piercing bow profile (a length-to-width ratio of 12.96) and two outriggers with Wigley mathematical body forms. Several seakeeping tests are conducted on the model of the trimaran vessel in a towing tank in order to study its heave and pitch motions at different Froude numbers of 0.2, 0.37, and 0.51. Generated waves in the towing tank are of regular type with the wave length changing from 0.6 m to 2.4 m by an increment of 0.3 m. Amplitude of the waves is equal to either 25 mm or 35 mm. A resonance peak can be detected on the curve of the heave response amplitude operator (RAO) versus non-dimensional wave length of around 1.0. Increasing the Froude number leads to rapidly descending post-resonance-peak regions of the heave RAO-non-dimensional wave frequency diagrams. Changes in the value of the pitch RAO versus non-dimensional wave lengths of less than 0.8 are not so sensitive to the changes in the values of Froude number and wave amplitude. Also, for the values greater than 2.5 to 2.8 of the non-dimensional wave frequency, the pitch RAO does not experience any significant changes as a result of variations in the Froude number or wave amplitude.

Heaving Model tests Pitching Trimarans

2015030665

Blind prediction of ship manoeuvring motion in 4 degrees of freedom based on support vector machines. Journal of Ship Mechanics, n 9, 2014, pp 1013-1023 http://cblx.cssrc.com.cn/ Liu, C., Wang, X-g., Zou, Z-j. Chinese

Based on the whole ship model, a blind prediction method by using support vector machines is proposed for the 4 degrees of freedom ship manoeuvring

motion including roll motion. The blind prediction is achieved relying only on the ship motion state parameters. 10°/10°, 20°/20° zigzag tests and 35° turning circle manoeuvre are simulated for a container ship. One percent of the simulation data of 20°/20° zigzag test are used to train the support vectors; and the trained support vector machines is used to predict the whole 20°/20° zigzag test. Besides, 10°/10° zigzag test and 35° turning circle manoeuvre are also predicted. The predicted results are compared with those of simulation tests to verify the prediction method and to demonstrate its good generalization performance.

Degrees of freedom Manoeuvring Predictions

2015030666

The next level DP capability analysis. 17th Dynamic Positioning Conference; 15-16 October 2013; Houston, TX, US. Organised by the Marine Technology Society DP Committee. Design and Control Session I [22 p, 7 ref, 5 tab, 17 fig] http://www.dynamic-positioning.com/dp2013/design_smogeli.pdf Smogeli, O. English

The traditional DP Capability Analysis (DPCap) as described in IMCA M140 is the current industrial standard for analysing a vessel’s station-keeping capability. These analyses are used for vessel design, charter agreements and operational planning. A DPCap analysis is inherently quasi-static, meaning that all dynamic effects must either be neglected or handled by safety factors. Hence, the DPCap analysis can only balance the mean environmental forces with the mean thruster forces, and cannot account for e.g. the transient conditions during a failure and recovery after a failure. Dynamic Capability (DynCap) is the next level DP capability analysis tool. DynCap is based on systematic time-domain simulations with a sophisticated 6 DOF vessel model, including dynamic wind and current loads, 1st and 2nd order wave loads with slowly-varying wave drift, a complete propulsion system including thrust losses, power system, sensors, and a DP control system model. Most of the limiting assumptions needed for the traditional DPCap analysis are removed, yielding results much closer to reality. It is also possible to tailor the acceptance criteria in the analysis to the requirements for each vessel and operation, such as station-keeping footprint, seakeeping criteria, dynamic power load, and transient motion after

245 ABSTRACTS

failure. This paper presents the DynCap analysis methodology and a comparison between the capability plots obtained with the traditional DPCap and the DynCap analysis methods for three different vessel designs. The paper also demonstrates how the DynCap methodology can be used in a fuel consumption and operability analysis as well as analysing the transient motion after a failure, and finally presents a model-scale experimental verification of the concept.

Dynamic positioning Stationkeeping

2015030667

Application of vague values and the entropy weight method in the integrated evaluation of ship seakeeping performance. Chinese Journal of Ship Research, v 9 n 5, 2014, pp 33-38 http://www.ship-research.com/EN/Y2014/V9/I5/33 Wang, K., Qu, J., Wang, P. English

The vague value and entropy weight method is applied to the integrated evaluation of ship seakeeping performance. The comprehensive evaluation system of ship seakeeping is established based on the roll motion, pitch motion, heave motion, slamming, shipping of green water, propeller emergence and vertical acceleration on the ship bow. The specific principle and implementation steps of this method are illustrated systematically. Combined with the objective and subjective indicators of the weight assignment method, the proposed model can extract the implicit information from the input data matrix of alternatives and can reflect the background condition of the evaluation object and the intention of evaluators, with the determination of comprehensive weight being both thorough and mature. Finally, as thirty sets of data are input into the integrated evaluation, the seakeeping performance of different conditions are assessed and analysed for an oil carrier. This study indicates that the application of vague values and the entropy weight method in the integrated assessment of ship seakeeping performance are feasible and practical.

Evaluation Seakeeping

2015030668

A characteristic of motion for DSME’s semisubmersible drilling rig. PRADS 2013, 12th International Symposium on Practical Design of Ships and Other Floating Structures; 20-25 October 2013; Changwon City, Korea. Proceedings. Published by Society of Naval Architects of Korea, ISBN 978-89-950016-0-8. Volume 2, p 876 [5 p, 2 ref, 2 tab, 17 fig] http://www.snak.or.kr/eng/sub01_01.html Kim, C., Kim, D-S., Et al English

The renewal of semi-submersible drilling units in the Norwegian Continental Self is expected because one third of all drilling units in North Sea have reached their design life. Furthermore optimal and cost-effective design is requested for the new drilling units entering the Norwegian Continental Shelf because of the reduction in oil production. The paper presents a semisubmersible drilling rig developed by DSME (DSME 9000 Semi-Rig) to increase the operability and structural security in harsh environments. Several parameters such as number of columns, pontoon dimensions, drafts, braces and column sizes are studied to improve the motion performances. The 1st and 2nd order wave induced motions of the DSME 9000 Semi-Rig were evaluated using WADAM and SJMO. The comparison of operability among other available designs in the market for harsh environment shows that DSME 9000 has good motion characteristics.

Motion Semisubmersible rigs

2015030669

Numerical prediction of green water events in beam seas. PRADS 2013, 12th International Symposium on Practical Design of Ships and Other Floating Structures; 20-25 October 2013; Changwon City, Korea. Proceedings. Published by Society of Naval Architects of Korea, ISBN 978-89-950016-0-8. Volume 2, p 892 [6 p, 2 ref, 3 tab, 18 fig] http://www.snak.or.kr/eng/sub01_01.html Ruggeri, F., Watai, R.A., Et al English

The impact on offshore structures due to green water events on FPSOs under beam seas is a concern of marine engineers during the structural design of topside equipment and supports. This phenomenon is quite more severe if the platform is installed using spread mooring instead of a turret system, since the

ABSTRACTS 246

vessel has almost no weathervane capability, so the impact on the deck structure may be severe for structures located in the parallel middle body in beam seas. The use of numerical methods as engineering tools in design stages has become a reality nowadays; however there are still some limitations concerning the computational effort to solve large meshes, especially under unsteady three dimensions FVM simulations. In order to simplify the analysis the simulations are performed considering the captive model and a bi-dimensional approach to reduce the mesh size. In a naive overview about the problem the 2D analysis may seem appropriate for freeboard exceedance amidships because the FPSO has a large parallel middle body. However a 3D potential flow analysis shows that this simplification is not applicable for the entire wave range. A comparison among experimental test, 3D potential flow and 2D FVM and potential flow results is performed.

Beam seas Computational fluid dynamics Deck wetness FPSOs

2015030670

Influence of the waterline integral on the solution of the time-domain forward-speed radiation-diffraction problem. PRADS 2013, 12th International Symposium on Practical Design of Ships and Other Floating Structures; 20-25 October 2013; Changwon City, Korea. Proceedings. Published by Society of Naval Architects of Korea, ISBN 978-89-950016-0-8. Volume 2, p 898 [6 p, 14 ref, 15 fig] http://www.snak.or.kr/eng/sub01_01.html Hong, D.C., Hong, S.Y., Et al English

The radiation-diffraction potential of a ship advancing in waves was studied using the Green integral equation combined with the three-dimensional time-domain forward-speed free-surface Green function. Numerical solutions were obtained by making use of a second-order inner collocation boundary element method which makes it possible to take account of the line integral along the waterline in a rigorous manner. The six-degree of freedom motion memory functions as well as the scattering impulse-response functions of the Wigley seakeeping model obtained by direct integration the time domain by direct integration of the time-domain three-dimensional potentials over the wetted surface were presented. These functions have been compared with those calculated without taking into account the line

integral in order to show the forward speed effect due to the line integral on the radiation-diffraction problem.

Forward speed Green function Time domain Wave diffraction Wave radiation

2015030671

Superior seaworthiness of a resonance-free oceangoing SWATH. RINA Transactions – IJME – v 156 part A4, October-December 2014 http://www.rina.org.uk/ijme.html Yoshida, M., Kihara, H., Et al English

The speed reduction, additional resistance or slamming caused by the large amplitude ship motions, should be completely restricted for a large fast oceangoing ship because of the strict time-punctuality and the high value of the cargo. A “Resonance-Free SWATH (RFS)”, which has negative restoring moments due to the extremely small water plane area, is introduced to minimize the motion responses. A motion control system using small fins is necessary for the RFS, which has no stability during high speed cruising. Theoretical estimations and experiments to search for the optimum values of PD control gains have been performed. Unsteady characteristics of fin-generated lift such as the time lag and the interaction among the fins and lower hulls have been measured and they are taken into account in the motion equations. Then, experiments using the RFS model with controlling fins have been carried out to validate the theoretical estimation for the motion responses of the RFS in waves. The theoretical and experimental results agree well with each other. The motion responses of the RFS in regular and irregular head waves are compared with those of other hull forms, such as a mono-hull, an ordinary SWATH and a trimaran. The clear advantage of the RFS regarding the seaworthiness has been found. In summary, the heave motion response of the RFS is reduced to 1/60 and the pitch motion becomes1/8, compared with those of the existing mono-hull ship.

Seaworthiness Ship motions SWATH ships

247 ABSTRACTS

2015030672

A numerical simulation investigation of the hydrodynamic motions of a ship advancing in waves. RINA Transactions – IJME – v 156 part A4, October-December 2014 http://www.rina.org.uk/ijme.html Lo, D.C., Su, D.T., Lin, J.T. English

This study establishes a relationship diagram of the ship-wave interaction under a ship advancing in waves. A finite difference method based on volume of fluid (VOF) principles was used to simulate the hydrodynamic motions of a ship advancing in waves. A ship model was constructed using a computer aided design (CAD) tool. The computational fluid dynamic (CFD) technique was used to calculate the hydrodynamic motions effect of a ship sailing in waves at varying angles of incidence. This study investigates a number of significant related parameters, such as the speed of the ship model, the various wave incidence angles, the wave height, and the navigation time. A chart is also used to show the flow field, and changes in the six degrees of freedom motion and continually compare changes in the drag force.

Computational fluid dynamics Ship motions

2015030673

Analysis on effects of varying parameters and hull shapes on parametric instability of spar. ISOPE 2014, 24th International Ocean and Polar Engineering Conference; 15-20 June 2014; Busan, Korea. Published by ISOPE, Cupertino, CA, US. ISBN 978-1 880653 91-3. Volume I, p 1007 http://www.isope.org/publications/proceedings/ISOPE/ISOPE%202014/index.htm Xu, P., Yang, H. English

Parametric instability is a phenomenon which may cause excessive motions of ships and platforms. It occurs when a system parameter varies with time and the change meets a certain condition. For spar, the parameter which causes parametric resonance is usually the metacentric height, GM. In studies prior to this work, the parametric instability is mainly analysed in regular waves. However, the real sea condition is irregular and it is found that parametric resonance also occurs in irregular waves. This study analyses the parametric instability property of a spar platform being affected by multi-frequency waves, which corresponds to realistic sea conditions. The

determinations of stability are carried out based on both analytic methods and numerical simulations. A great difference when analysing the parametric instability due to an irregular wave is the effect of different hull shapes. The effect is determined by comparing different stability charts of each shape. The effects of the design parameters of a spar platform and wave parameters on are also analysed by giving contours of the pitch angle. Investigations are also conducted to see how time-varying displacement affects the instability property. This study offers a method of predicting parametric resonance via numerical simulation, and also proposes some suggestions to avoid it in design by choosing appropriate design parameters and hull shape through stability charts.

Offshore platforms Platform motions Stability

2015030674

Study on the nonlinear dynamic characteristics of a truss spar. ISOPE 2014, 24th International Ocean and Polar Engineering Conference; 15-20 June 2014; Busan, Korea. Published by ISOPE, Cupertino, CA, US. ISBN 978-1 880653 91-3. Volume I, p 1014 http://www.isope.org/publications/proceedings/ISOPE/ISOPE%202014/index.htm Shen, W., Tang, Y., Et al English

The heave-pitch coupled equation of a Truss Spar platform under random waves is established considering the static stability and drainage volume changes, including higher order nonlinear term and the effects of instantaneous free surface. The motion responses are calculated, and the impact of damping factor is analysed. The results show that, when the characteristic frequency of stochastic wave is close to the heave natural frequency of heave, the large amplitude pitch motion is induced under the random parametric-forced excitation, when the significant wave height reaches a certain value. Increasing the heave damping or increasing the pitch damping is the most effective mean to suppress the pitch instability. Therefore, when design the platform, the number and

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the structure of heave plate and the reasonable arrangement of spiral side plates are important.

Heaving Offshore platforms Pitching Platform motions

2015030675

Study on the transient dynamic characteristics of TLP under impact load. ISOPE 2014, 24th International Ocean and Polar Engineering Conference; 15-20 June 2014; Busan, Korea. Published by ISOPE, Cupertino, CA, US. ISBN 978-1 880653 91-3. Volume I, p 1027 http://www.isope.org/publications/proceedings/ISOPE/ISOPE%202014/index.htm Gu, J-y., Wu, J. English

Caused by the effect of transient impact loads, the large-amplitude motions of a platform main body may lead to mooring system’s fracture and endanger the platform’s security. In this paper, numerical analysis was employed to study the mooring characteristics and coupling dynamic response between tension leg platform main body and mooring system under different impact loads. The effect of three typical impact loads: sine pulse, triangular pulse and rectangular pulse were considered and the differential equation of motion was solved by self-compiling program. The effect of nonlinear damping, pulse shape, collision position, angle of attack, and the combined action of impact load and wave load on transient dynamic characteristics of platform were considered too. It was found that: under the three typical pulse loads, the computation results of surge and pitch response amplitude with nonlinear damping considered were both less than the results that nonlinear damping was ignored. The amplitude of platform motion responses was associated with the peak value of pulse. With the same pulse impulse, time histories of platform under the three pulse forms are basically in agreement with each other. Dynamic response of the platform was affected by collision position and the angle of attacks. Affected by the combined action of impact load and stochastic wave load, large motion response of platform was mainly caused by impact load.

Dynamic response Impact loads Numerical analysis Platform motions Tension leg platforms

2015030676

Deeper insights into seakeeping behaviour of tugs using enhanced CFD methods. ITS 2014, 23rd International Tug, Salvage & OSV Convention and Exhibition; 16-20 June 2014, Hamburg, Germany. Papers. Published by the ABR Company Ltd., UK; ISBN 978-1-904050-26-1. Day 3, Paper 6, p 227 [9 p, 19 fig] https://www.tugandosv.com/books.php?cat=4 Rocholl, R., Jürgens, D., Et al English

Extensive CFD calculations and measurements of a Voith Water Tractor (VWT) in waves were performed and, for this purpose, the VWT that was already examined for the SafeTug project was used. Additional measurements were carried out specifically during regular waves, because this enables a distinct comparison with the CFD results. It has been demonstrated that the CFD calculations and the measuring values for the chosen wave conditions are highly consistent. The developed design tool for establishing optimum ship lines enables the fast automatic generation of new ship geometries. Optimisations, for example the reduction of roll motions, can be implemented much faster with this tool. Calculations show that the fin size of a VWT and the design of the bilge geometry have a significant impact on the roll behaviour.

Computational fluid dynamics Seakeeping Tugs

3.4 FLUID STRUCTURE INTERACTION

2015030677

Numerical analysis on springing and whipping using fully-coupled FSI models. Ocean Engineering, v 91, 15 November 2014, pp 28-50 http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0029801814002972 Kim, J-H., Kim, Y. English

This paper focuses on ship springing and whipping analysis using a three-dimensional (3-D) Rankine panel method combined with a beam-element-based 1-D structural model and a shell-element-based 3-D structural model. In addition, slamming loads are considered by 2-D generalized Wagner model (GWM). The beam model is a classical idealization of a ship structure, which is based on Timoshenko beam

249 ABSTRACTS

theory for bending and Vlasov beam theory for non-uniform torsion. The 3-D model consists of beam and shell elements, and its motions are approximated by a few of lower modes. Different coupling schemes are applied to couple the 3-D panel method and the different structure models. Whereas the 1-D beam model is coupled in a Cartesian coordinate system, the 3-D finite element (FE) model is coupled in a generalized coordinate system. The difference in coordinate systems leads to different numerical implementations of coupling. Agreement and discrepancy between the coupled models are discussed regarding results for a 60 m barge, a 6500 TEU containership, and an experimental model of a virtual 10,000 TEU containership. The bulkheads in the barge and the 6500 TEU containership are properly considered in beam modelling according to relative stiffness between the bulkheads and hulls. In linear responses to waves, good agreement is obtained between all the models. However, differences between the models are found in nonlinear springing and whipping responses.

Fluid structure interaction Hydroelasticity Numerical analysis Springing Whipping

2015030678

Hydrodynamic coefficients in surge for a radiating hollow cylinder placed above a coaxial cylinder at finite ocean depth. Journal of Marine Science and Technology, v 19 n 4, December 2014, pp 450-461 http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00773-014-0280-3 Hassan, M., Bora, S.N. English

Hydrodynamic coefficients due to horizontal oscillation in surge motion for a floating, hollow cylinder placed above a fixed, coaxial, bottom-mounted cylinder are investigated within the framework of linear, water wave theory. This problem of radiation by this specific pair of two cylinders can be considered as a wave energy device consisting of two coaxial cylinders: the upper one hollow and the lower one solid. The energy that is created and transferred by this device finds use in a number of practical applications. The authors use the method of separation of variables to obtain the analytical expressions for the corresponding radiated potentials in clearly identified regions. By using the matching conditions which ensure the continuity of

velocity and pressure along the virtual vertical boundaries of the regions, a system of linear equations for the unknown coefficients is derived and solved. The analytical expressions of the radiated potentials allow us to obtain the hydrodynamic coefficients, namely, the added mass and damping coefficients, which play a vital role for a structure in motion, however small. A set of values of added mass and damping coefficients is obtained for different radii of the fixed cylinder and for different gaps between the cylinders (i.e., also for different drafts of the floating cylinder) for the same fixed radii of the cylinders. It is observed that changes in values in radius and the gap have significant effect on the hydrodynamic coefficients. The coefficients due to different gaps between the cylinders with the radii of both taken to be different are also computed. The behaviour of both the added mass and damping coefficients is observed to be steady in the lower frequency range. However, fluctuations are observed for both coefficients due to resonance in the neighbourhood of a specific frequency. These results are depicted graphically and compared with available results. Comparison is carried out with numerical data presented by other investigators by considering the case of a hollow cylinder floating over an even sea bottom, i.e., without the coaxial cylindrical caisson underneath. Good agreement is observed from this comparison. A numerical verification is also carried out for the body boundary condition satisfied at the boundary of both the cylinders.

Cylindrical bodies Hydrodynamic coefficients Radiation Surging

2015030679

Wall effect of underwater explosion load based on wave motion theories. China Ocean Engineering, v 28 n 5, October 2014, pp 587-598 http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s13344-014-0047-y Xiao, W., Yao, X-l., Guo, J. English

Owing to the existence of the flow field boundary, the shock wave load near the boundary is different from the free field shock wave load. In this paper, the hull plate load subjected to underwater shock wave is investigated based on wave motion theories; in addition, the experimental study of the hull plate load is carried out. According to the theoretical analysis of the hull plate pressure, it was found that the hull plate

ABSTRACTS 250

pressure oscillates repeatedly and decays rapidly with time passing, the maximum hull plate pressure is 2/(1+n) times the maximum free field pressure, where n is the ratio of impedance, and the impulse is much smaller than the free field impulse. Compared with the experimental study, the theoretical results agree well with the experimental data.

Shock waves Wall effects Wave loads

2015030680

Hydroelastic response of a circular plate in waves on a two-layer fluid of finite depth. China Ocean Engineering, v 28 n 5, October 2014, pp 671-686 http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s13344-014-0053-0 Lin, Q., Lu, D-q., Yeung, R.W. English

The hydroelastic response of a circular, very large floating structure, idealized as a floating circular elastic thin plate, is investigated for the case of time-harmonic incident waves of the surface and interfacial wave modes, of a given wave frequency, on a two-layer fluid of finite and constant depth. In linear potential-flow theory, with the aid of angular Eigen function expansions, the diffraction potentials can be expressed by the Bessel functions. A system of simultaneous equations is derived by matching the velocity and the pressure between the open-water and the plate-covered regions, while incorporating the edge conditions of the plate. Then the complex nested series are simplified by utilizing the orthogonality of the vertical Eigen functions in the open-water region. Numerical computations are presented to investigate the effects of different physical quantities, such as the thickness of the plate, Young’s modulus, the ratios of the densities and of the layer depths, on the dispersion relations of the flexural-gravity waves for the two-layer fluid. Rapid convergence of the method is observed, but is slower at higher wave frequency. At high frequency, it is found that there is some energy transferred from the interfacial mode to the surface mode.

Circular shapes Elastic plates Hydroelasticity Wave diffraction

2015030681

Numerical analysis of two and three dimensional buoyancy driven water-exit of a circular cylinder. International Journal of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering, v 6 n 2, June 2014, p 219 [17 p, 24 ref, 6 tab, 26 fig] http://www.degruyter.com/view/j/ijnaoe.2014.6.issue-2/ijnaoe-2013-0174/ijnaoe-2013-0174.xml?format=INT Moshari, S., Nikseresht, A.H., Reza, M. English

With the development of the technology of underwater moving bodies, the need for developing the knowledge of surface effect interaction of free surface and underwater moving bodies is increased. Hence, the two-phase flow is a subject which is interesting for many researchers all around the world. In this paper, the non-linear free surface deformations which occur during the water-exit of a circular cylinder due to its buoyancy are solved using finite volume discretization based code, and using Volume of Fluid (VOF) scheme for solving two phase flow. Dynamic mesh model is used to simulate dynamic motion of the cylinder. In addition, the effect of cylinder mass in presence of an external force is studied. Moreover, the oblique exit and entry of a circular cylinder with two exit angles is simulated. At last, water-exit of a circular cylinder in six degrees of freedom is simulated in 3D using parallel processing. The simulation errors of present work (using VOF method) for maximum velocity and height of a circular cylinder are less than the corresponding errors of level set method reported by previous researchers. Oblique exit shows interesting results; formation of waves caused by exit of the cylinder, wave motion in horizontal direction and the air trapped between the waves are observable. In 3D simulation the visualization of water motion on the top surface of the cylinder and the free surface breaking on the front and back faces of the 3D cylinder at the exit phase are observed which cannot be seen in 2D simulation. Comparing the results, 3D simulation shows better agreement with experimental data, especially in the maximum height position of the cylinder.

Cylindrical bodies Free surfaces Numerical analysis Wave exit

251 ABSTRACTS

2015030682

Assessment of whipping and springing on a large container vessel. International Journal of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering, v 6 n 2, June 2014, p 442 [17 p, 10 ref, 6 tab, 24 fig] http://www.degruyter.com/view/j/ijnaoe.2014.6.issue-2/ijnaoe-2013-0191/ijnaoe-2013-0191.xml?format=INT Barhoumi, M., Storhaug, G. English

Wave induced vibrations increase the fatigue and extreme loading, but this is normally neglected in design. The industry view on this is changing. Wave induced vibrations are often divided into springing and whipping, and their relative contribution to fatigue and extreme loading varies depending on ship design. When it comes to displacement vessels, the contribution from whipping on fatigue and extreme loading is particularly high for certain container vessels. A large modern design container vessel with high bow flare angle and high service speed has been considered. The container vessel was equipped with a hull monitoring system from a recognized supplier of HMON systems. The vessel has been operating between Asia and Europe for a few years and valuable data has been collected. Also model tests have been carried out of this vessel to investigate fatigue and extreme loading, but model tests are often limited to head seas. For the full scale measurements, the correlation between stress data and wind data has been investigated. The wave and vibration damage are shown versus heading and Beaufort strength to indicate general trends. The wind data has also been compared to North Atlantic design environment. Even though it has been shown that the encountered wind data has been much less severe than in North Atlantic, the extreme loading defined by IACS URS11 is significantly exceeded when whipping is included. If whipping may contribute to collapse, then proper seamanship may be useful in order to limit the extreme loading. The vibration damage is also observed to be high from head to beam seas, and even present in stern seas, but fatigue damage in general is low on this East Asia to Europe trade.

Containerships Extreme loads Fatigue (materials) Springing Whipping

2015030683

Reynolds and Froude number effect on the flow past an interface-piercing circular cylinder. International Journal of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering, v 6 n 3, September 2014, p 529 http://www.degruyter.com/view/j/ijnaoe.2014.6.issue-3/ijnaoe-2013-0197/ijnaoe-2013-0197.xml?format=INT Koo, B., Yang, J., Et al English

The two-phase turbulent flow past an interface-piercing circular cylinder is studied using a high-fidelity orthogonal curvilinear grid solver with a Lagrangian dynamic subgrid-scale model for large-eddy simulation and a coupled level set and volume of fluid method for air-water interface tracking. The simulations cover the sub-critical and critical and post critical regimes of the Reynolds and sub and super-critical Froude numbers in order to investigate the effect of both dimensionless parameters on the flow. Significant changes in flow features near the air-water interface were observed as the Reynolds number was increased from the sub-critical to the critical regime. The interface makes the separation point near the interface much delayed for all Reynolds numbers. The separation region at intermediate depths is remarkably reduced for the critical Reynolds number regime. The deep flow resembles the single-phase turbulent flow past a circular cylinder, but includes the effect of the free-surface and the limited span length for sub-critical Reynolds numbers. At different Froude numbers, the air-water interface exhibits significantly changed structures, including breaking bow waves with splashes and bubbles at high Froude numbers. Instantaneous and mean flow features such as interface structures, vortex shedding, Reynolds stresses, and vorticity transport are also analysed. The results are compared with reference experimental data available in the literature. The deep flow is also compared with the single-phase turbulent flow past a circular cylinder in the similar ranges of Reynolds numbers. Discussion is provided concerning the limitations of the current simulations and available experimental data along with future research.

Cylindrical bodies Froude number Reynolds number Turbulent flow

ABSTRACTS 252

2015030684

Hydro-elastic analysis of marine propellers based on a BEM-FEM coupled FSI algorithm. International Journal of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering, v 6 n 3, September 2014, p 562 [16 p, 24 ref, 15 fig] http://www.degruyter.com/view/j/ijnaoe.2014.6.issue-3/ijnaoe-2013-0198/ijnaoe-2013-0198.xml?format=INT Lee, H., Song, M-C., Et al English

A reliable steady/transient hydro-elastic analysis is developed for flexible (composite) marine propeller blade design which deforms according to its environmental load (ship speed, revolution speed, wake distribution, etc.) Hydro-elastic analysis based on CFD and FEM has been widely used in the engineering field because of its accurate results however it takes large computation time to apply early propeller design stage. Therefore the analysis based on a boundary element method-Finite Element Method (BEM-FEM) Fluid-Structure Interaction (FSI) is introduced for computational efficiency and accuracy. The steady FSI analysis, and its application to reverse engineering, is designed for use regarding optimum geometry and ply stack design. A time domain two-way coupled transient FSI analysis is developed by considering the hydrodynamic damping effects of added mass due to fluid around the propeller blade. The analysis makes possible to evaluate blade strength and also enable to do risk assessment by estimating the change in performance and the deformation depending on blade position in the ship’s wake. To validate this hydro-elastic analysis methodology, published model test results of P5479 and P5475 are applied to verify the steady and the transient FSI analysis, respectively. As the results, the proposed steady and unsteady analysis methodology gives sufficient accuracy to apply flexible marine propeller design

Boundary element method Finite element method Fluid structure interaction Hydroelasticity Propellers

2015030685

Finding the best combination of numerical schemes for 2-D SPH simulation of wedge water entry for a wide range of deadrise angles. International Journal of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering, v 6 n 3, September 2014, p 638 [14 p, 42 ref, 3 tab, 8 fig] http://www.degruyter.com/view/j/ijnaoe.2014.6.issue-3/ijnaoe-2013-0202/ijnaoe-2013-0202.xml?format=INT Farsi, M., Ghadimi, P. English

The main aim of this paper is to find the best combination of numerical schemes for 2-D SPH simulation of wedge water entry. Diffusion term is considered as laminar, turbulent, and artificial viscosity. Density filter that seriously affects the pressure distribution is investigated by adopting no filter, first order filter, and second order filter. Validation of the results indicates that turbulent model and first order density filter can lead to more reasonable solutions. This simulation was then conducted for wedge water entry with wide range of deadrise angles including 10 degrees, 20 degrees, 30 degrees, 45 degrees, 60 degrees and 81 degrees, with extreme deadrise angles of 10 degrees, 60 degrees and 81 degrees being considered. Comparison of SPH results with BEM solutions has displayed favorable agreement. In two particular cases where experimental data are available, the SPH results are shown to be closer to the experiments than BEM solution. While, accuracy of the obtained results for moderate deadrise angles is desirable, numerical findings for very small or very large deadrise angles are also very reasonable.

Free surfaces Numerical analysis Pressure distribution Water entry Wedges

253 ABSTRACTS

2015030686

Dynamic responses of a riser under combined excitation of internal waves and background currents. International Journal of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering, v 6 n 3, September 2014, p 685 [15 p, 23 ref, 5 tab, 10 fig] http://www.degruyter.com/view/j/ijnaoe.2014.6.issue-3/ijnaoe-2013-0205/ijnaoe-2013-0205.xml?format=INT Lou, M., Yu, C. English

In this study, the dynamic responses of a riser under the combined excitation of internal waves and background currents are studied. A modified Taylor-Goldstein equation is used to calculate the internal waves vertical structures when background currents exist. By imposing rigid-lid boundary condition, the equation is solved by Thompson-Haskell method. Based on the principle of virtual work, a nonlinear differential equation for riser motions is established combined with the modified Morison formula. Using Newmark-β method, the motion equation is solved in time domain. It is observed that the internal waves without currents exhibit dominated effect on dynamic response of a riser in the first two modes. With the effects of the background currents, the motion displacements of the riser will increase significantly in both cases that wave goes along and against the currents. This phenomenon is most obviously observed at the motions in the first mode.

Dynamic response Internal waves Risers

2015030687

Study of vortex induced characteristics of multi-columns with low mass ratio. Journal of Ship Mechanics, n 9, 2014, pp 1055-1071 http://cblx.cssrc.com.cn/ Gu, J-y., Xiao, L-f., Yang, J-m. Chinese

Vortex-induced motion (VIM) of an offshore platform with multi-columns is an area of significant focus in the field of ocean engineering. VIM involves the complex fluid-structure interaction problem. In this paper, the Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes solver combined with the shear-stress transport k-ω turbulence model for the Navier-Stokes equations was used to simulate the VIM of multi-columns with low mass ratio for different flow-approaching angles and reduced velocities. The values of natural period

and dimensionless damping coefficient for columns were taken from a model test. A computational grid was set up using GAMBIT software. The coupling fluid-structure interaction between the columns and the flow field was obtained by calculating the instantaneous lift and drag forces acting on the multi-columns caused by the external flow field. The differential motion equation was solved by fourth-order Runge-Kutta method, which was manually written into the user-defined functions, and dynamic mesh technology was then adopted to update flow field. The maximum and nominal statistics methods were used to analyse the amplitude of VIM. When the reduced velocities were small, the ‘jump’ phenomenon was observed in the amplitude curve for 0° flow-approaching angle regardless of whether motion in the stream-wise direction was limited. The maximum amplitude was 0.5D when motion in the stream-wise direction was not limited and was slightly smaller than the maximum amplitude of the limited motion in the stream-wise direction 0.57 D). The restriction of motion in the stream-wise direction and the selection of statistical method significantly affected the size of the ‘lock-in’ region. Galloping at the low-frequency and multiple-frequency lock in phenomena was observed for the flow-approaching angles of 0° and 45°. Variation trends of equilibrium position with reduced velocity were very close for the three typical flow-approaching angles. When the reduced velocity was greater than 6.0, the maximum stream-wise amplitude heading was 22.5°, whereas the minimum stream-wise amplitude heading was 0° heading. The vortex shedding pattern of multi-columns showed the 2P mode.

Fluid structure interaction Offshore platforms Platform motions Vortices Vortex shedding

ABSTRACTS 254

2015030688

Simulation of wave-body interaction using a single-phase level set function in the SWENSE method. OMAE 2013, 32nd International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering; 9-14 June 2013; Nantes, France. Proceedings. Published by ASME, New York, US; ISBN 978-0-7918-5541-6. Volume 7: CFD and VIV, Paper OMAE2013-11097 [8 p] http://proceedings.asmedigitalcollection.asme.org/proceeding.aspx?articleID=1786667 Reliquet, G., Drouet, A., Et al English

The purpose of this paper is to present combination of the SWENSE (Spectral Wave Explicit Navier-Stokes Equations) method - an original method to treat fully nonlinear wave-body interactions - and a free surface RANSE (Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes Equations) solver using a single-phase Level Set method to capture the interface. The idea is to be able to simulate wave-body interactions under viscous flow theory with strong deformations of the interface (wave breaking in the vicinity of the body, green water on ship decks…), while keeping the advantages of the SWENSE scheme. The SWENSE approach is based on a physical decomposition by combining incident waves described by a nonlinear spectral scheme based on potential flow theory and an adapted Navier-Stokes solver where only the diffracted part of the flow is solved, incident flow parameters seen as forcing terms. In the single-phase Level Set method, the air phase is neglected. Thus, only the liquid phase is solved considering a fluid with uniform properties. The location of the free surface is determined by a Level Set function initialised as the signed distance. The accuracy of simulation depends essentially on the pressure scheme used to impose free surface dynamic boundary condition. Comparisons of numerical results with experimental and numerical data for US navy combatant DTMB 5415 in calm water and in head waves are presented.

Fluid structure interaction Numerical analysis

2015030689

Wake-induced vibration (WIV) of two tandem pre-tensioned flexible cylinders. OMAE 2013, 32nd International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering; 9-14 June 2013; Nantes, France. Proceedings. Published by ASME, New York, US; ISBN 978-0-7918-5541-6. Volume 7: CFD and VIV, Paper OMAE2013-11148 [9 p] http://proceedings.asmedigitalcollection.asme.org/proceeding.aspx?articleID=1786669 Bijan, S., Kato, N. English

It is believed that investigations on flow around pairs of cylinders can provide a better understanding of the interference effects than the cases involving larger numbers of cylinders. Studies that deal with the dynamic responses of multiple flexible cylinders with low mass ratios and high aspect ratios are few because of the complexities in the responses. In this paper, the effects of wake interference on the dynamic responses of two pre-tensioned flexible cylinders in tandem arrangement subjected to uniform cross-flow are investigated. The analysis results of the tandem cylinders are presented and compared with an isolated flexible cylinder. Two flexible cylinders of the same size, properties, and pretensions were tested at four different centre-to-centre separation distances, namely, 2.75, 5.5, 8.25 and 11 diameters. Reynolds number range is from 1400 to 20000 (subcritical regime). The aspect ratio of the cylinders is 162 (length over diameter). Mass ratio (cylinders mass over displaced water) is 1.17. The amplitude ratio of the CF vibration of the downstream cylinder, IL deflections of both cylinders, frequency responses in both CF and inline (IL) directions were analysed. For all the examined separation distances, the downstream cylinder does not show build-up of upper branch (within the lock-in region of the classical VIV of the isolated cylinder). The initial distance between the tandem cylinders cannot remain constant. The distance decreases with reduced velocity because of the unequal IL deflection of tandem cylinders. From the CF frequency response of the lift (transverse) force of downstream cylinder, the highest vibration amplitude at all the separation distances occurs whenever their frequencies transitioned into second modalvalue. The frequency

255 ABSTRACTS

responses of the upstream cylinder cannot be greatly affected by the downstream cylinder even for small separations in contrast to the downstream cylinder.

Cylindrical bodies Dynamic response Tandem arrangement Wakes

2015030690

VIV excitation competition between bare and buoyant segments of flexible cylinders. OMAE 2013, 32nd International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering; 9-14 June 2013; Nantes, France. Proceedings. Published by ASME, New York, US; ISBN 978-0-7918-5541-6. Volume 7: CFD and VIV, Paper OMAE2013-11296 [13 p] http://proceedings.asmedigitalcollection.asme.org/proceeding.aspx?articleID=1786671 Rao, Z., Bandiver, J.K., Jhingran, V. English

This paper addresses a practical problem: “Under which coverage of buoyancy modules, would the Vortex Induced Vibration (VIV) excitation on buoyant segments dominate the response?” This paper explores the excitation competition between bare and buoyant segments of a 38 meter long model riser. The source of data is a recent model test, conducted by SHELL Exploration and Production at the MARINTEK Ocean Basin in Trondheim Norway. A pipe model with five buoyancy configurations was tested. The results of these tests show that (1) the excitation on the bare and buoyant regions could be identified by frequency, because the bare and buoyant regions are associated with two different frequencies due to the different diameters; (2) a new phenomenon was observed; A third frequency in the spectrum is found not to be a multiple of the frequency associated with either bare or buoyancy regions, but the sum of the frequency associated with bare region and twice of the frequency associated with buoyancy region; (3) the contribution of the response at this third frequency to the total amplitude is small; (4) the power dissipated by damping at each excitation frequency is the metric used to determine the winner of excitation competition. For most buoyancy configurations, the excitation on buoyancy regions dominates the VIV response; (5) a formula is

proposed to predict the winner of the excitation competition between bare and buoyant segments for a given buoyancy coverage.

Cylindrical bodies Excitation Vortex induced vibration

2015030691

Numerical simulation of an oscillating cylinder at high Reynolds number. OMAE 2013, 32nd International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering; 9-14 June 2013; Nantes, France. Proceedings. Published by ASME, New York, US; ISBN 978-0-7918-5541-6. Volume 7: CFD and VIV, Paper OMAE2013-11362 [8 p] http://proceedings.asmedigitalcollection.asme.org/proceeding.aspx?articleID=1786675 Mandelli, S., Muggiasca, S., Malavasi, S. English

In this work a numerical investigation of the main flow field characteristics around a free oscillating rigid circular cylinder immersed in a turbulent flow is proposed. The cylinder is characterized by high value of mass ratio and mass damping. The numerical results are compared with experimental data obtained in the wind tunnel under very similar fluid dynamic conditions. There are few works in literature that consider both numerical and experimental results under these conditions. This is probably due to the experimental facilities limitations and the computational difficulties correlated to modelling the flow at high Reynolds number. A numerical URANS model was developed through a CFD commercial code using a k–ω SST turbulence model in a 3D domain with the aim of matching the experimental results in the last years in the Politecnico di Milano Wind Tunnel on a suspended oscillating cylinder. The numerical setup is characterized by the use of the DFBI-Morphing (Dynamic Fluid Body Interaction) model that allows reproducing the body motion in response to fluid forces treating the cylinder as a mass-damping-spring system by introducing spring and damping forces acting on it. A preliminary check of this numerical setup was provided by a benchmark case involving a simple case of fixed cylinder at the same Reynolds number, where the movements of the cylinder were disabled. The numerical results of this case have been compared with experimental and numerical results reported in literature in terms of Drag and Lift coefficients and Strouhal number at high Reynolds numbers. After that benchmark, the full setup has been checked by considering specific

ABSTRACTS 256

fluid dynamic conditions out of the lock in region in which the oscillations of the cylinder are negligible. Finally two points of the cylinder steady state response curve in the lock in region were investigated. The numerical model gave good results in terms of amplitude response of the cylinder and aerodynamic forces in agreement with experimental results. The analysis of the numerical reconstruction of the flow field evolution are therefore considered to have more information on the vortex shedding mode especially in the transition region between 2S and 2P mode.

Cylindrical bodies Numerical analysis Oscillating bodies Reynolds number

2015030692

Boundaries influence on the flow field around an oscillating sphere. OMAE 2013, 32nd International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering; 9-14 June 2013; Nantes, France. Proceedings. Published by ASME, New York, US; ISBN 978-0-7918-5541-6. Volume 7: CFD and VIV, Paper OMAE2013-11385 [10 p] http://proceedings.asmedigitalcollection.asme.org/proceeding.aspx?articleID=1786676 Mirauda, D., Plantamura, A.V., Malavasi, S. English

This work analyses the effects of the interaction between an oscillating sphere and free surface flows through the reconstruction of the flow field around the body and the analysis of the displacements. The experiments were performed in an open water channel, where the sphere had three different boundary conditions in respect to the flow, defined as h* (the ratio between the distance of the sphere upper surface from the free surface and the sphere diameter). A quasi-symmetric condition at h* = 2, with the sphere equally distant from the free surface and the channel bottom, and two conditions of asymmetric bounded flow, one with the sphere located at a distance of 0.003m from the bottom at h* = 3.97 and the other with the sphere close to the free surface at h* = 0, were considered. The sphere was free to move in two directions, streamwise (x) and transverse to the flow (y), and was characterized by values of mass ratio, m* = 1.34 (ratio between the system mass and the displaced fluid mass), and damping ratio, ζ = 0.004. The comparison between the results of the analysed boundary conditions has shown the strong influence of the free surface on the

evolution of the vortex structures downstream the obstacle.

Flow distribution Fluid structure interaction Oscillating bodies Spheres

2015030693

Two-dimensional SPH simulations of wedge slamming. Journal of Ship Mechanics, n 9, 2014, pp 1086-1099 http://cblx.cssrc.com.cn/ Hu, J-j., Li, Z-j., Et al Chinese

Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) is a recently developed powerful mesh free particle method, originally developed for astrophysical simulations. Compared with SPH, traditional CFD methods are less effective while simulating typical nonlinear deformation and discontinuity problems such as slamming and sloshing. By using the SPH method, simulations of pressure and velocity procedures of an obtuse wedge falling into the water are conducted. SPH model in this paper is well verified and calibrated based on the comparison between the results and Zhao’s experiments. Results show that, though consuming longer computational time compared with traditional CFDs, the SPH method is quite applicable while simulating wedge slamming problems with very high accuracies and visual similarities.

Numerical models Slamming Wedges

2015030694

CFD study of air-gap and wave impact load on a semisubmersible under highly nonlinear waves. PRADS 2013, 12th International Symposium on Practical Design of Ships and Other Floating Structures; 20-25 October 2013; Changwon City, Korea. Proceedings. Published by Society of Naval Architects of Korea, ISBN 978-89-950016-0-8. Volume 2, p 801 [8 p, 5 ref, 28 fig] http://www.snak.or.kr/eng/sub01_01.html Lee, S-k., Chien, H-P. English

In this paper, the results of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations based on an overset grid CFD methodology with level set function

257 ABSTRACTS

formulation which were performed for predicting air-gap and wave impact on semisubmersibles are presented. CFD validation was first carried out for a fixed semisubmersible with simplified two-column and single pontoon configuration to confirm the accuracy of the CFD method for the prediction of wave run-up on the columns and fluid pressure at various locations on the hull, including under-deck impact for a range of incoming wave heights. After the successful validation, the CFD method was further applied to a real semisubmersible configuration, a deep draft semisubmersible. CFD simulations are performed for a 100-year return design wave in the Gulf of Mexico. Wave run-up and impact loads on columns for a freely floating condition are simulated to investigate the influence of highly nonlinear waves on motion and wave impact loads.

Computational fluid dynamics Gaps Semisubmersibles Wave loads

2015030695

Computation of nonlinear wave run-up around a semi-submersible platform. PRADS 2013, 12th International Symposium on Practical Design of Ships and Other Floating Structures; 20-25 October 2013; Changwon City, Korea. Proceedings. Published by Society of Naval Architects of Korea, ISBN 978-89-950016-0-8. Volume 2, p 809 [7 p, 8 ref, 1 tab, 10 fig] http://www.snak.or.kr/eng/sub01_01.html Nam, B.W., Kim, N., Et al English

For a semi-submersible platform with shallow draft, it is important to estimate wave run-ups accurately in order to fulfill requirements of the positive air gap below the deck. In this study, a Cartesian-grid based flow simulation method is applied to compute the nonlinear wave run-ups on a semi-submersible platform. The present simulation method solves the two-phase Navier-Stokes equations using finite volume discretization with a volume-of-fluid method. Focus is made on nonlinear characteristics of wave run-ups along a semisubmersible structure with two

columns and a submerged pontoon. Numerical results are validated by comparing with model test data. Through a series of numerical calculations, nonlinear characteristics of wave elevation, run-up and forces are discussed.

Computational fluid dynamics Offshore platforms Semisubmersibles Wave runup

2015030696

A study on vibration characteristic of stiffened plates with fluid coupling effect in a tank. PRADS 2013, 12th International Symposium on Practical Design of Ships and Other Floating Structures; 20-25 October 2013; Changwon City, Korea. Proceedings. Published by Society of Naval Architects of Korea, ISBN 978-89-950016-0-8. Volume 2, p 840 [7 p, 6 ref, 5 tab, 19 fig] http://www.snak.or.kr/eng/sub01_01.html Jeong, W-i., Lee, B-m., Et al English

In ship structures, many parts are in contact with inner or outer fluid as shell, ballast tanks and oil tanks. Fatigue damage is sometimes observed in these tanks which seem to be caused by resonance with exciting frequencies of the engine and propeller. Vibration characteristics of these tanks in contact with fluid are significantly affected by the fluid coupling effect. Therefore it is important to exactly predict vibration characteristics of tank structures. In order to estimate vibration characteristics, the fluid-structure interaction problem should be solved precisely. But it is difficult to estimate exactly the magnitude of the fluid coupling effect because it has some variables such as a fluid-structure interaction, influences by the free surface and depth of water. In this paper, fluid coupling effects in tank with stiffened plates are investigated by the measurement and the numerical analysis through FEM.

Added mass Boundary element method Finite element method Fluid structure interaction Stiffened plates

ABSTRACTS 258

2015030697

Numerical prediction of slamming loads during water entry of bow-flared sections. RINA Transactions – IJME – v 156 part A4, October-December 2014 http://www.rina.org.uk/ijme.html Wang, S., Luo, H.B., Guedes Soares, C. English

The two-dimensional water entry of bow-flared sections is studied by using a Multi-Material Arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian (MMALE) formulation and a penalty-coupling algorithm. A convergence study is carried out, considering the effects of mesh size, the dimension of fluids domain, and fluid leakage phenomenon through the structure. The predicted results on the wetted surface of a bow-flared section are compared with published experimental values in terms of vertical slamming force, pressure distributions at different time instances and the pressure histories at different points. Comparisons between the numerical results and measured values show satisfactory correlation. An approximation method is adopted to estimate the sectional slamming force and its results are compared with the numerical values, showing good consistency for the peak forces.

Bows Flare (shape) Slamming Water entry

2015030698

Experimental investigations of bow flare slamming loads. ISOPE 2014, 24th International Ocean and Polar Engineering Conference; 15-20 June 2014; Busan, Korea. Published by ISOPE, Cupertino, CA, US. ISBN 978-1 880653 91-3. Volume IV, p 742 http://www.isope.org/publications/proceedings/ISOPE/ISOPE%202014/index.htm Tian, X-m., Zou, Z-j., Et al English

Flare impact is a very complex hydrodynamic problem, which can result in local damage or severe whipping responses that may adversely affect the ship’s ultimate strength and fatigue life in a seaway. Wave impact is very sensitive to relative motion and attack angle between the structure and free surface at real sea. In this paper, experiments were carried out to study the water impact, which shows that the impact coefficient is quite closely related to the hull form shape and not highly correlated to the impact velocity. The experiments also find that the rise time

of the impact pressure is larger than the values of rules. The dimensionless slamming pressure coefficient is compared with Rules and Regulations for the Classification of Naval Ships, which shows that the Rules are conservative. The experimental results also show that the pulse time of pressure decreases with the increasing peak pressure. Recommendations for further research are made.

Model tests Slamming Wave loads on ships

2015030699

A CFD study for multi-directional focused extreme wave. ISOPE 2014, 24th International Ocean and Polar Engineering Conference; 15-20 June 2014; Busan, Korea. Published by ISOPE, Cupertino, CA, US. ISBN 978-1 880653 91-3. Volume IV, p 747 http://www.isope.org/publications/proceedings/ISOPE/ISOPE%202014/index.htm Kumar, P., Lu, X., Wu, Y. English

The problem of wave-in-deck loading involves very complex physics and demands intensive study. In the Computational Fluid Mechanics (CFD) approach, two critical issues must be addressed, namely the efficient, realistic numerical wave maker and the accurate free surface capturing methodology. Most reported CFD research on wave-in-deck loads consider regular waves only, for instance the Stokes 5th-order waves. They are, however, recognized by designers as approximate approaches since “real world” sea states consist of random irregular waves. This paper reports on a recently developed focused extreme wave maker based on the 3D spreading focused NewWave theory. This model can better approximate the “real world” conditions, and is more efficient than conventional random wave makers. It is able to efficiently generate targeted focused waves at a prescribed time and location. The work is implemented and integrated with OpenFOAM, an open source platform that receives more and more attention in a wide range of industrial applications. The free surface capturing is achieved by an improved, extensively validated Volume of Fluid method.

Computational fluid dynamics Extreme waves Wave loads

259 ABSTRACTS

2015030700

Water entry of two-dimensional sections of SWATH with vertical struts and inclined ones in restricted water. ISOPE 2014, 24th International Ocean and Polar Engineering Conference; 15-20 June 2014; Busan, Korea. Published by ISOPE, Cupertino, CA, US. ISBN 978-1 880653 91-3. Volume IV, p 754 http://www.isope.org/publications/proceedings/ISOPE/ISOPE%202014/index.htm Qian, P., Yi, H., Li, Y. English

Two-dimension numerical simulations are carried out to study the hydrodynamic performance of SWATH hull sections with inclined struts and vertical ones damping in restricted water based on viscous flow theory, solving the Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations (or RANS equations). In these cases, the sections are given an initial velocity, and begin to do oscillatory motions from the static floating station. The results show that the inclined-strut section has relative much smaller initial amplitudes of both total displacement and velocity than the vertical-strut one as it can provide larger resistance in the z direction due to their larger attack angle than the vertical-strut one. However, there are two very interesting points: one is that the motion curves of inclined-strut section decay more slowly and stably than those of vertical-strut one, which are supposed to have smaller damping coefficient, and another one is that there are two decaying frequencies dealing with the inclined-strut section. Overall, on one hand, given the same force loads on the hulls, the inclined-strut hull tends to be more stable and thus be more reliable for the human beings and facilities than the vertical-strut hull, on the other hand, if the struts sections are stretched in the y direction, the SWATH ship with inclined struts could give better pitch performance than the one with vertical struts. In addition, as in restricted water when it comes to making use of the wave energy, the inclined struts will also perform better.

SWATH ships Vortex shedding Water entry

2015030701

Structural safety assessment of LNGC MARK III membrane type CCS under sloshing impact loading. PRADS 2013, 12th International Symposium on Practical Design of Ships and Other Floating Structures; 20-25 October 2013; Changwon City, Korea. Proceedings. Published by Society of Naval Architects of Korea, ISBN 978-89-950016-0-8. Volume 2, p 904 [8 p, 9 ref, 3 tab, 27 fig] http://www.snak.or.kr/eng/sub01_01.html Lee, S-G., Zhao, T. English

Every effort was tried to demonstrate the procedure of the structural safety assessment of MARK III membrane type Cargo Containment System (CCS) with corrugated membrane under sloshing impact loading using local zooming analysis technique of LS-DYNA code in the last study. The objective of this study is to enhance the 1/50 scale and full-scale sloshing simulations with 70% filling level and wet drop one with diverse constraint parameters of coupling algorithm, and to perform shooting water impact analyses of Mark III membrane-type CCS with flat membrane using angle type CCS model with consideration of horizontal fluid speed for the reasonable and reliable safety assessment of CCS.

Containment systems Fluid structure interaction LNG tanks Membrane tanks Sloshing

2015030702

Sloshing assessment procedure using structural responses for membrane type LNG CCS. PRADS 2013, 12th International Symposium on Practical Design of Ships and Other Floating Structures; 20-25 October 2013; Changwon City, Korea. Proceedings. Published by Society of Naval Architects of Korea, ISBN 978-89-950016-0-8. Volume 2, p 912 [7 p, 11 ref, 2 tab, 16 fig] http://www.snak.or.kr/eng/sub01_01.html Hwang, S.Y., Lee, J.H., Et al English

The reliable sloshing assessment methods for LNG cargo containment systems are important to study the structural strength of the systems. For the reliability of sloshing assessment, several procedural computations are introduced to meet the feasibility of LNG CCS design. The measured sloshing loads from model tests are investigated for the assessment. Static

ABSTRACTS 260

and transient analysis of an LNG CCS is performed to evaluate the structural strength using a designed sloshing load. And the structure response is evaluated in time domain to obtain the dynamic structural responses. A practical method based on fluid structure interaction analysis is employed in order to evaluate the structural strength in actual scale.

Containment systems Fluid structure interaction LNG tanks Membrane tanks Sloshing

2015030703

Analysis of ringing response of a gravity based structure in extreme sea states. OMAE 2013, 32nd International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering; 9-14 June 2013; Nantes, France. Proceedings. Published by ASME, New York, US; ISBN 978-0-7918-5541-6. Volume 7: CFD and VIV, Paper OMAE2013-11466 [13 p] http://proceedings.asmedigitalcollection.asme.org/proceeding.aspx?articleID=1786679 Kim, J., Tank J.H.C., Et al English

In designing fixed offshore platforms located in regions of severe wave conditions, the potential resonant response of the hull structure due to wave loads must be checked. Since the natural frequency of vibration of the hull structure is typically much higher than the dominant design wave frequency, conventional wave load analysis based on linear wave theory does not show dynamic amplification. However, it is known that steep waves are nonlinear and may contain significant energy at higher harmonics of the fundamental frequency. When the forcing frequency of the higher-harmonic wave load is close to the natural frequency of the structural vibration, a resonance i.e. ringing will occur and the structural dynamic response will be significantly amplified. This paper describes an analysis procedure to estimate high-frequency dynamic load on a Gravity Based Structure (GBS) exposed to severe sea states using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) analysis and modal analysis. To fill the statistical gap between the extreme values from short-duration CFD-modal analysis and that from 3-hour design sea states, an approximation method has

been developed to estimate the global dynamic load from the measured quasi-static load in earlier model test and to obtain a calibration factor for the CFD-modal analysis results.

Dynamic loads Dynamic response Extreme waves Gravity structures Offshore platforms

2015030704

Wave interaction with piled structures: application with IH-FOAM. OMAE 2013, 32nd International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering; 9-14 June 2013; Nantes, France. Proceedings. Published by ASME, New York, US; ISBN 978-0-7918-5541-6. Volume 7: CFD and VIV, Paper OMAE2013-11479 [7p] http://proceedings.asmedigitalcollection.asme.org/proceeding.aspx?articleID=1786680 Lara, J.L., Higuera, P., Et al English

This paper presents a numerical analysis of the interaction of waves with piles. A model called IH-FOAM, based on OpenFOAM, is used. IH-FOAM is able to simulate and to absorb waves in three-dimensional domains, reducing the computational cost and extending the range of applicability of the CFD modelling to the study of offshore and coastal structures. In this work, a detailed analysis of mono and multi-piled structures is carried out. Several piles layouts are studied Wave run-up and forces have been studied for the multi-piled structures. Those magnitudes have been compared with the single piled structure pointing out the difference in the wave induced hydrodynamics and the non-linear interaction between the waves and the structures. The work contained in this paper presents a first step which will be extended in the future to analyse more complex layouts and the effects of broken waves.

Numerical analysis Pile structures Wave forces on structures

261 ABSTRACTS

2015030705

Particle based numerical analysis of green water on FPSO deck. OMAE 2013, 32nd International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering; 9-14 June 2013; Nantes, France. Proceedings. Published by ASME, New York, US; ISBN 978-0-7918-5541-6. Volume 7: CFD and VIV, Paper OMAE2013-11553 [8 p] http://proceedings.asmedigitalcollection.asme.org/proceeding.aspx?articleID=1786681 Bellezi, C.A., Cheng, L-Y., Nishimoto, K. English

The green water phenomenon is boarding of sea water onto the deck due to high amplitude waves, which can cause several damages to the equipment on deck. In this paper the green water phenomenon on three-dimensional models is analysed using the Moving Particles Semi-Implicit Method (MPS), a fully Lagrangian method for incompressible flow. This work is focused on the validation of the method comparing the numerical results with experimental results for green water on reduced scale models. The pressure on sensors over the deck of the models shows good agreement with experimental data.

Deck wetness FPSOs Numerical analysis

2015030706

Global-local analysis of a full-scale composite riser during vortex-induced vibration. OMAE 2013, 32nd International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering; 9-14 June 2013; Nantes, France. Proceedings. Published by ASME, New York, US; ISBN 978-0-7918-5541-6. Volume 7: CFD and VIV, Paper OMAE2013-11632 [8 p] http://proceedings.asmedigitalcollection.asme.org/proceeding.aspx?articleID=1786686 Chen, Y., Tan, L.B., Et al English

This paper presents a global-local analysis procedure to demonstrate the feasibility of a composite riser and its advantages over the traditional steel counterpart. This procedure starts from the local design of the sandwich tubular structure of riser section. The equivalent material properties of the sandwich tube are obtained using classic composite theory and they are used to parameterize the full-scale riser model in global analysis. The global analysis mainly focuses on the vortex-induced vibration (VIV). The

methodology is first verified by comparison with experimental data and results produced by SHEAR 7. Four representative cases are then studied and the results show that the critical loads experienced by the composite riser are much lower than that of the steel one due to its lightweight. The lightweight composite riser requires lower top tension and fewer buoyancy cans, which is economically beneficial. The failure envelopes of both composite and steel riser sections are obtained by performing damage modelling techniques. The results show that composite riser yields larger safety margin. Overall, this paper demonstrates that composite riser is technically feasible and its high performance/weight ratio would make it a promising design for deepwater environment, where self-weight is a big challenge that is hindering the development of traditional steel riser.

Composite materials Risers Vortex induced vibration

2015030707

Suppressing full-scale riser VIV with VT suppressor. OMAE 2013, 32nd International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering; 9-14 June 2013; Nantes, France. Proceedings. Published by ASME, New York, US; ISBN 978-0-7918-5541-6. Volume 7: CFD and VIV, Paper OMAE2013-11642 [8 p] http://proceedings.asmedigitalcollection.asme.org/proceeding.aspx?articleID=1786687 King, R., Brown, A., Et al English

The paper reports on recent full scale experimental tests with The Ventilated Trouser (VT), a novel device for VIV suppression of cylindrical structures exposed to external fluid flow. The VT suppressor is a loose fitting sleeve in the form of a light flexible net with integral bobbins in a special arrangement. It is omni-directional, rugged, and made from materials compatible with the offshore environment. The tests reported here, were conducted to test the VT on a slick riser section. They were undertaken with a 0.53m diameter riser in current velocities up to 2.3m/s, equivalent to post-Critical Reynolds Numbers of up to 1.2 × 106. The VT suppressed the maximum VIV amplitude of the slick joint by over 90%. This was consistent with the suppression performance of the VT from previous tests with model risers varying in size from 0.1m diameter to 0.3m diameter. The test results suggest the VT is a candidate suppressor

ABSTRACTS 262

fully capable of competing with conventional suppression devices.

Risers Suppression Vortex induced vibration

2015030708

Drilling riser VIV tests with prototype Reynolds numbers. OMAE 2013, 32nd International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering; 9-14 June 2013; Nantes, France. Proceedings. Published by ASME, New York, US; ISBN 978-0-7918-5541-6. Volume 7: CFD and VIV, Paper OMAE2013-11643 [8 p] http://proceedings.asmedigitalcollection.asme.org/proceeding.aspx?articleID=1786688 Lie, H., Braaten, H., Et al English

For deep-water riser systems, Vortex Induced Vibrations (VIV) may cause significant fatigue damage. It appears that the knowledge gap of this phenomenon is considerable and this has caused a high level of research activity over the last decades. Small scale model tests are often used to investigate VIV behaviour. However, one substantial uncertainty in applying such results is scaling effects, i.e. differences in VIV response in full scale flow and small scale flow. To (partly) overcome this obstacle, a new innovative VIV test rig was designed and built to test a rigid full scale riser model. The rigid riser model is mounted vertically and can either be elastically mounted or be given a forced motion. In the present version, the cylinder can only move in the cross-flow (CF) direction and is restricted in the in-line (IL) direction. The paper reports results from a drilling riser VIV experiment where the new rest rig has been used. The overall objective of the work is to study possible VIV suppression to improve operability of retrievable riser systems with auxiliary lines by adding riser fins. These fins are normally used as devices for protection of the auxiliary lines. The test program has recently been completed and analysis is an on-going activity. However, some results can be reported at this stage and more results are planned to be published. A bare riser model was used in a Reynolds number (Rn) scaling effect study. The riser model was elastically mounted and towed over a reduced velocity range around 4 – 10 in two different Rn ranges, 75 000 – 192 000 (subcritical regime) and 347 000 – 553 000 (critical regime). The difference in the displacement amplitude to diameter ratio, A/D, is found to be significant. The elastically

mounted riser was also towed with various drilling riser configurations in order to study VIV/galloping responses. One configuration included a slick joint riser model with 6 kill & choke lines; another has added riser fins too. The riser model is based on a specific drilling riser and the kill and choke lines have various diameters and have a non-symmetrical layout. The various riser configurations have also been used in forced motion tests where the towed model has been given a sinusoidal CF motion. Forces have been measured. Determination of the force coefficients is still in progress and is planned to be reported later. Scaling effects appear to be a significant uncertainty and further research on the subject is recommended. The slick joint drilling riser configuration generally increased the displacements compared to displacements of the bare riser model. The drilling riser configuration with protection fins, kill and choke lines generally reduced the displacements compared to displacements of the bare riser model. For both riser systems, tests showed that the response is sensitive to the heading of the current.

Risers Vortex induced vibration Tests

3.5 AERODYNAMICS AND WIND ENGINEERING

2015030709

An iterative boundary element method for a wing-in-ground effect. International Journal of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering, v 6 n 2, June 2014, p 282 [15 p, 28 ref, 2 tab, 20 fig] http://www.degruyter.com/view/j/ijnaoe.2014.6.issue- 2/ijnaoe-2013-0179/ijnaoe-2013-0179.xml?format=INT Kinaci, O.K. English In this paper, an iterative boundary element method (IBEM) was proposed to solve for a wing-in-ground (WIG) effect. IBEM is a fast and accurate method used in many different fields of engineering and in this work; it is applied to a fluid flow problem assessing a wing in ground proximity. The theory and the developed code are validated first with other methods and the obtained results with the proposed method are found to be encouraging. Then, time consumptions of the direct and iterative methods were contrasted to evaluate the efficiency of IBEM. It is found out that IBEM dominates direct BEM in terms of time consumption in all trials. The iterative method

263 ABSTRACTS

seems very useful for quick assessment of a wing in ground proximity condition. After all, a NACA6409 wing section in ground vicinity is solved with IBEM to evaluate the WIG effect.

Boundary element method Wing in ground effect craft

2015030710

Modeling of steady motion and vertical-plane dynamics of a tunnel hull. International Journal of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering, v 6 n 2, June 2014, p 323 [10 p, 12 ref, 1 tab, 9 fig] http://www.degruyter.com/view/j/ijnaoe.2014.6.issue-2/ijnaoe-2013-0182/ijnaoe-2013-0182.xml?format=INT Chaney, C.S., Matveev, K.I. English

High-speed marine vehicles can take advantage of aerodynamically supported platforms or air wings to increase maximum speed or transportation efficiency. However, this also results in increased complexity of boat dynamics, especially in the presence of waves and wind gusts. In this study, a mathematical model based on the fully unsteady aerodynamic extreme-ground-effect theory and the hydrodynamic added-mass strip theory is applied for simulating vertical-plane motions of a tunnel hull in a disturbed environment, as well as determining its steady states in calm conditions. Calculated responses of the boat to wind gusts and surface waves are demonstrated. The present model can be used as a supplementary method for preliminary estimations of performance of aerodynamically assisted marine craft.

Aerodynamics Lift Mathematical models Planing hulls

2015030711

Experimental assessment of mega-yacht aerodynamic performance and characteristics. RINA Transactions – IJSCT – v 148 part B2, July-December 2014 http://www.rina.org.uk/ijsct.html Fossati, F, Robustelli, F., Et al English

Larger main dimensions, superior comfort requests and higher manoeuvrability characteristics focus mega-yacht designer attention towards hull and superstructure aerodynamic performance. Windage

evaluation of very high superstructure, aerodynamic load assessment, and accurate air flow simulation are considered very important in the design procedure to get optimal layout and opening position. Moreover they are used to precisely evaluate thrusters and Dynamic Positioning Systems horsepower. The lack of data concerning the peculiar mega-yacht forms and the result requested accuracy lead to the requesting for scale model wind tunnel tests. These tests can asked more and more frequently by designers and surveyors and considered a fundamental reference for any further CFD simulation. In this paper experimental methodologies developed at Politecnico di Milano Wind Tunnel in order to assess mega-yacht aerodynamics in terms of aerodynamic loads, comfort analysis, pollutants dilution and re-ingestion analysis using wind tunnel tests are described.

Aerodynamics Motor yachts Wind tunnel tests

2015030712

Aerodynamic analysis and design optimisation of wing-sails. PRADS 2013, 12th International Symposium on Practical Design of Ships and Other Floating Structures; 20-25 October 2013; Changwon City, Korea. Proceedings. Published by Society of Naval Architects of Korea, ISBN 978-89-950016-0-8. Volume 2, p 959 [12 p, 24 ref, 9 tab, 17 fig] http://www.snak.or.kr/eng/sub01_01.html Lee, H., Jo, Y., Et al English

The sailing ship is an eco-friendly vessel that uses wind energy to produce the additional thrust by the wing-sails above the hull. In this study, aerodynamic analysis around multiple wing-sails is performed considering the flow interaction of wing-sails in fixed angle of attack. The wind direction that produces the maximum thrust of wing-sails can be obtained by calculating the thrust of wing-sails with respect to the wind direction. In the aerodynamic analysis, three-dimensional compressible Navier-Stokes solver and mixed grid was used to predict a viscous flow of boundary layer. After studying the flow characteristics around wing-sails and the effect of flow interaction, through derivative free genetic algorithms and Kriging surrogate model method, the optimal angle of attack that maximizes the thrust of wing-sails was obtained. The result of optimisation about wind direction of 45, 90 and 135 degrees, about 7~23 of trust increment was acquired with trend of increasing the rear wing-sails' angle of attack by the

ABSTRACTS 264

interaction of wing-sails. Also the thrust enhancement of 2~18 was confirmed by conducting a three-dimensional validation.

Aerodynamics Optimisation Sail assisted vessels Sails Wings

4.1 STRUCTURAL RESPONSE

2015030713

Reliability based structural failure modelling through Bayesian networks. PRADS 2013, 12th International Symposium on Practical Design of Ships and Other Floating Structures; 20-25 October 2013; Changwon City, Korea. Proceedings. Published by Society of Naval Architects of Korea, ISBN 978-89-950016-0-8. Volume 2, p739 [8 p, 11 ref, 4 tab, 13 fig] http://www.snak.or.kr/eng/sub01_01.html Zhu, J., Collette, M. English

Structural fatigue reliability analysis for marine and offshore structures is subjected to a significant amount of uncertainty. Through inspection and monitoring, information such as crack sizes can be obtained and used to update reliability estimates. Fatigue cracking in a stiffened panel has been modelled here by a dynamic Bayesian network (BN) which allows updating of reliability estimations with life cycle data. Most of the present BN inference methods attempt to model continuous random variables by numerical approximations using static discretization at each network node. However, such approaches are computationally inefficient for low probability of failure events. A special discretization scheme is developed for such reliability inference. The proposed discretization scheme will focus on how to evaluate the tail region probability accurately instead of the whole distribution shape. An iterative algorithm has been applied which involves dynamically partitioning the intervals at each iteration according to the posterior distribution of each node. This proposed framework is compared with static

discretization using the synthetic crack growth data simulated from extended finite element method (XFEM).

Bayes theorem Fatigue life Marine structures Structural reliability

2015030714

An application of a free surface CFD method in the short-term extreme response analysis of ships. PRADS 2013, 12th International Symposium on Practical Design of Ships and Other Floating Structures; 20-25 October 2013; Changwon City, Korea. Proceedings. Published by Society of Naval Architects of Korea, ISBN 978-89-950016-0-8. Volume 2, p 747 [7 p, 14 ref, 1 tab, 3 fig] http://www.snak.or.kr/eng/sub01_01.html Seng, S., Jensen, J.J. English

It is very challenging to attach short-term statistical properties to the hull-girder responses predicted by a free surface CFD solver. In the current study, a research effort is spent on developing an approach which requires as few CFD evaluations as possible. The approach discussed in this paper is known as the MCF (model corrector factor) which was originally proposed in Ditlevsen and Arnbjerg-Nielsen (1994) as a very efficient alternative to polynomial based response surface for structural reliability analysis. The discussion focuses on the usage and the implicit requirements of the MCF approach; especially when slamming induced responses are considered. Hereby, an algorithm based on a linear scaling in the reliability index is proposed.

Computational fluid dynamics Extreme values Hull girders Structural response

265 ABSTRACTS

2015030715

Numerical simulation and analytical modelling of pile-supported structures subjected to ship collisions including soil–structure interaction. Ocean Engineering, v 91, 15 November 2014, pp 11-27 http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0029801814003072 Fan, W., Yuan, W.C. English

Most of the pile-supported protection structures were designed by empirical and static analyses to resist ship impact loading. Limited studies were carried out to reveal the failure modes and the dynamic interaction process of the pile-supported structures subjected to ship collisions. To clarify these issues, high-resolution finite element models of the ship–structure–soil interactions are developed in this paper. Several modelling issues (e.g., material model, artificial boundary and stress initialization) are discussed herein to ensure the rationality of the numerical models. Numerical simulations indicate that the platform and the connection of the protective system should be carefully designed to prevent their brittle failure besides providing the piles with enough ductility. Four interaction phases (i.e., initial contact, loading with approximate velocities, unloading and free vibration) are clearly identified for the overall flexural failure of the pile-supported structures. To efficiently predict the collision-induced responses, an analytical model with two-degree-of-freedom is proposed based on the high-resolution simulation observations. Methods of determining the equivalent mass and the force–deformation relationship involved in the analytical model are discussed in detail. The dynamic responses obtained from the analytical model are compared with the high-resolution FE results. It is found that the proposed simplified model is reasonable and efficient.

Collision resistance Dynamic response Pile structures Soil structure interaction

2015030716

Nonlinear dynamic analysis of TLP surge motion using homotopy perturbation method. Ships and Offshore Structures, v 9 n 6, 2014, pp 569-577 http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/17445302.2014.912045#.VIbivU1yaUk Tabeshpour, M.R., Shoghi, R. English

Tension leg platforms (TLPs) are well-known structures for oil exploitation in deep water. One of the current issues in compliant structures in the sea is variation in frequency and structural response due to a nonlinear parameter in the equation of motion. Variation of frequency is important in fatigue life study of tethers. A perturbation method is used in contrast to the traditional methods. This method does not require a small parameter for finding surge motion of TLP. In this paper, homotopy perturbation method (HPM) is used to solve a highly nonlinear differential equation of surge motion. Calculated responses by HPM are compared with those obtained from both linear and nonlinear equations of motion. Numerical method is used for solving nonlinear equation of motion and ordinary differential method is used for linear equation of motion. It is very useful for a design engineer to have a deep view of nonlinear vibration behaviour of systems which are naturally nonlinear like TLP.

Frequency domain method Perturbation Surging Tension leg platforms Vibration

2015030717

Geometric solution in progressive collapse analysis of hull girder. Journal of Marine Science and Technology, v 22n 4, 2014, pp 417-423 http://jmst.ntou.edu.tw/marine/22-4/417-423.pdf Bayraktarkatal, E., Tayyar, G.T. English

This paper presents a calculation model for stiffened plates to determine the ultimate strength of ship hull girders from their curvatures using a geometrical approach. This study employed Smith’s method, in which the cross-section is divided into smaller elements consisting of a stiffener(s) and attached plating. The strength of beam-columns and stiffened plates was obtained using an iterative numerical approach. The deflection curve was evaluated using

ABSTRACTS 266

the curvature values directly instead of by solving differential equations. The deflection curve was taken as an assembly of chains of circular arcs. The ultimate strength of the hull girder of a 1/3 scaled frigate model was analysed using the proposed method through an iterative approach. The method produced reasonably accurate solutions with low modelling and computational times.

Collapse Hull girders Stiffened plates Ultimate strength

2015030718

Residual ultimate strength of a very large crude carrier considering probabilistic damage extents. International Journal of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering, v 6 n 1, March 2014, p 14 [13 p, 27 ref, 6 tab, 10 fig] http://www.degruyter.com/view/j/ijnaoe.2014.6.issue-1/ijnaoe-2013-0160/ijnaoe-2013-0160.xml?format=INT Choung, J., Nam, J-M., Tayyar, T. English

This paper provides the prediction of ultimate longitudinal strengths of the hull girders of a very large crude carrier considering probabilistic damage extent due to collision and grounding accidents based on IMO Guidelines (2003). The probabilistic density functions of damage extent are expressed as a function of non-dimensional damage variables. The accumulated probabilistic levels of 10%, 30%, 50%, and 70% are taken into account for the estimation of damage extent. The ultimate strengths have been calculated using the in-house software called Ultimate Moment Analysis of Damaged Ships which is based on the progressive collapse method, with a new convergence criterion of force vector equilibrium. Damage indices are provided for several probable heeling angles from 0° (sagging) to 180° (hogging) due to collision- and grounding-induced structural failures and consequent flooding of compartments. This paper proves from the residual strength analyses that the second moment of area of a damage section can be a reliable index for the

estimation of the residual ultimate strength. A simple polynomial formula is also proposed based on minimum residual ultimate strengths.

Damage Probabilistic methods Residual strength Ultimate strength VLCCs

2015030719

On the effects of hull-girder vibration upon fatigue strength of a Post-Panamax container ship disaggregated by short-term sea state. International Journal of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering, v 6 n 2, June 2014, p 431 [11 p, 11 ref, 6 tab, 6 fig] http://www.degruyter.com/view/j/ijnaoe.2014.6.issue-2/ijnaoe-2013-0190/ijnaoe-2013-0190.xml?format=INT Fukasawa, T., Mukai, K. English

The effects of hull-girder vibration on the fatigue strength of a Post-Panamax container ship are discussed in this paper. Firstly, the short-term sea states are categorized according to the occurrence probability of each sea state. Time histories of hull-girder stress in short-term sea states are calculated by means of a nonlinear simulation code of ship response assuming that the hull-girder is rigid and flexible. Then, the calculated stress peaks are processed by the rainflow counting method, where two different counting procedures are used based on the considerations of crack propagation behaviors. Finally, the fatigue damage in life time of the ship in each categorized short-term sea state is estimated by means of Miner’s rule. Based on the calculated results, the effects of hull-girder vibrations on the fatigue damage are clarified by disaggregated damage from short-term sea state.

Containerships Fatigue strength Hull vibration

267 ABSTRACTS

2015030720

Experimental and numerical investigations on ultimate strength of ship plates under longitudinal cyclic loads. Journal of Ship Mechanics, n 9, 2014, pp 1100-1108 http://cblx.cssrc.com.cn/ Cui, H-w., Dai, Y-z., Et al Chinese

Research on the ultimate strength behaviour of ship plates under longitudinal cyclic loads is one of the basic works when studying on the hull girder’s ultimate strength under cyclic bending loads, which is meaningful to guarantee the longitudinal strength safety of ship hulls. In this paper, a series of tests to the seven square column models is carried out to simulate the ultimate strengths of ship plates under the loads of cyclic axial compression. In addition, it conducts numerical analysis to these models by the nonlinear finite element analysis. The studied results indicate that ship plate’s compressive ultimate strength based on one-time collapse is the maximum of ship plates’ ultimate strength under the load of cyclic axial compression; therefore, the assessment criteria of hull girder’s ultimate strength based on one-time collapse may overestimate the load bearing capability of actual ship hull structures. The conclusions in this paper are significant to understand the hull girder’s ultimate strength under the cyclic loads and impel further study on this subject.

Cyclic loads Hull girders Plates Ultimate strength

2015030721

Research of vertical bending moment in amidships calculation method caused by the crash-breaking way. Journal of Ship Mechanics, n 9, 2014, pp 11095-1116 http://cblx.cssrc.com.cn/ Li, H., Ren, H-l., Et al Chinese

A finite element method is introduced to calculate vertical moment in amidships caused by crash-breaking way. The principle of finite element model is discussed. And ice failure mode is based on multi-surface criterion. The crash-icebreaking way is simulated through the secondary development technology of finite element software. The

FORTRAN program is developed to calculate the vertical moment in amidships, which provides a new method to predict ship and ice collision load.

Bending moments Finite element method Ice loads

2015030722

Underwater radiated noise measurements for a cruise ferry. PRADS 2013, 12th International Symposium on Practical Design of Ships and Other Floating Structures; 20-25 October 2013; Changwon City, Korea. Proceedings. Published by Society of Naval Architects of Korea, ISBN 978-89-950016-0-8. Volume 2, p 755 [7 p, 5 ref, 1 tab, 10 fig] http://www.snak.or.kr/eng/sub01_01.html Lafeber, F.H., Bosschers, J., Et al English

Inboard noise and underwater radiated noise are becoming more and more important factors during the design of ships. Model tests are often used to support the design process of ships, but noise measurements are not often included in the model test campaign. However, with a growing concern regarding the effect of underwater radiated noise on marine life, and the demand for lower inboard noise, the need for accurate noise prediction tools, such as model tests, is increasing. The test setup for conducting noise measurements in MARIN’s Depressurized Wave Basin is presented as well as the procedure for such model tests. The scaling procedure of the model-scale results to full scale is discussed. The results of model tests for a high-comfort class cruise ferry using these procedures are presented, followed by a discussion of the design issues of such a ship.

Measurement Model tests Noise Underwater

ABSTRACTS 268

2015030723

Study on the application of passive fire protection on topside structures. PRADS 2013, 12th International Symposium on Practical Design of Ships and Other Floating Structures; 20-25 October 2013; Changwon City, Korea. Proceedings. Published by Society of Naval Architects of Korea, ISBN 978-89-950016-0-8. Volume 2, p 785 [7 p, 7 ref, 25 fig] http://www.snak.or.kr/eng/sub01_01.html Friebe, M., Jan, B-S. English

Fire is a continuous threat to FPSO topside modules as large amounts of oil and gas are passing through the modules. As a conventional measure to mitigate structural failure under fire, passive fire protection (PFP) coatings are widely used on main structural members. However, an excessive use of PFP coatings can cause considerable cost for material purchase, installation, inspection and maintenance. Long installation time can be a risk since the work should be done nearly at the last fabrication stage. Thus, the minimal use of PFP can be beneficial to the reduction of construction cost and the avoidance of schedule delay. This paper presents a study of how the minimum passive fire protection for adequate safety can be achieved through a series of thermal elasto-plastic FE analysis. It aims at better understanding of the structural behaviour with different PFP applications under plausible fire exposure.

Collapse Fire protection Heat transfer Passive systems

2015030724

Evaluation of response prediction procedures using full scale measurements for a container ship. PRADS 2013, 12th International Symposium on Practical Design of Ships and Other Floating Structures; 20-25 October 2013; Changwon City, Korea. Proceedings. Published by Society of Naval Architects of Korea, ISBN 978-89-950016-0-8. Volume 2, p 793 [8 p, 5 ref, 1 tab, 14 fig] http://www.snak.or.kr/eng/sub01_01.html Andersen, I.M.V., Jensen, J.J., Et al English

This paper deals with the analysis of recent full-scale strain measurements in the hull of a large container carrier covering several months of operation. The focus is on the real-time prediction accuracy of responses 5-15 seconds ahead of the measurements.

Such results are less applicable in the operation of container carriers but are important in e.g. loading/unloading operations at sea or helicopter landings. Three different procedures are discussed: Conditional processes with analytical estimates of the mean values and standard deviations, the autoregressive predictor method and a method based on superposition of sinusoidal components. The conditional processes do not need offline training and will be applied to measured time series in order to evaluate the accuracy of response predictions within the next 1-30 seconds. The number of measured points and the time distances between them are varied to determine the best solutions. A procedure based on 11 measured points spaced 1 sec, covering the last 10 sec of the instantaneous measured signal seems generally able to give fair predictions up to 5-10 sec ahead of the current time. The full-scale data is provided through the EU FP7 project Tools for Ultra Large Container Ships (TULCS) project no. 234146.

Autorgression Containerships Structural response

2015030725

Analysis of shafting torsional vibration for a dredger with complex embranchments based on improved matrix method. PRADS 2013, 12th International Symposium on Practical Design of Ships and Other Floating Structures; 20-25 October 2013; Changwon City, Korea. Proceedings. Published by Society of Naval Architects of Korea, ISBN 978-89-950016-0-8. Volume 2, p 847 [6 p, 7 ref, 2 tab, 9 fig] http://www.snak.or.kr/eng/sub01_01.html Yong, Y., Wenyong, T., Et al English

To ensure the dredger shafting system with complex embranchments run safely in a long term, oil film rigidity of reducing gearboxes should be included when the shafting inertial system is established in order that the calculated model is as possible as similar to the actual shafting situations. And the shafting torsional vibration of a certain dredger with the complex substructures is analysed with improved matrix method. The numerical results show the dangerous parts on the substructures of the dredger shafting in different work modes. Reference and

269 ABSTRACTS

guidance are provided for torsional vibration analysis of complex shafting embranchments in the future.

Dredgers Oil films Shafts Torsional vibration

2015030726

Photogrammetry measurements of initial imperfections for the ultimate strength assessment of plates. RINA Transactions – IJME – v 156 part A4, October-December 2014 http://www.rina.org.uk/ijme.html Cubells, A., Garbatov, Y., Guedes Soares, C. English

The objective of this study is to develop a new approach to model the initial geometrical imperfections of ship plates by using Photogrammetry. Based on images, Photogrammetry is able to take measurements of the distortions of plates and to catch the dominant surface shape, including the deformations of the edges. Having this data, it is possible to generate faithful models of plate surface based on third order polynomial functions. Finally, the maximum load-carrying capacity of the plates is analysed by performing a nonlinear finite element analysis using a commercial finite element code. Three un-stiffened and four stiffened plates have been modelled and analysed. For each plate, two initial imperfection models have been generated one, based on photogrammetric measurements and the other, based on the trigonometric Fourier functions. Both models are subjected to the same uniaxial compressive load and boundary conditions in order to study the ultimate strength.

Defects Photogrammetry Plates Ultimate strength

2015030727

Global structural analysis for semi-submersible drill rig. ISOPE 2014, 24th International Ocean and Polar Engineering Conference; 15-20 June 2014; Busan, Korea. Published by ISOPE, Cupertino, CA, US. ISBN 978-1 880653 91-3. Volume I, p 1001 http://www.isope.org/publications/proceedings/ISOPE/ISOPE%202014/index.htm Lee, C-H., Jang, C-H., Et al English

In this study, global structural analysis was performed for a semi-submersible drill rig composed of four square columns and twin pontoons connected by transverse wing pontoons. Ultimate limit state (ULS) of the unit was analysed with LRFD method for operating and survival condition. Operating and survival condition consists of 6 static and 24 dynamic load cases at operating and survival draught, respectively. Design waves through the direct wave load analysis by DNV WADAM were selected for critical structural responses and North Atlantic environmental condition for worldwide operation was considered to find out extreme response values of the unit. Global structural loads were transferred to structural model using DSME in-house system, DSTAS.RIG. The loads were verified through checking the global loads applied to the model. The stress results were combined with applicable load factors for ULS-A and ULS-B, respectively, and then the calculated global stresses were used for the overall hull scantling in view of yielding and buckling. This paper introduces a procedure of global structural analysis for a semi-submersible drill rig in accordance with DNV offshore rules.

Semisubmersible rigs Structural analysis

2015030728

Operational monitoring of vessel’s vibration parameters when operating in ice. ISOPE 2014, 24th International Ocean and Polar Engineering Conference; 15-20 June 2014; Busan, Korea. Published by ISOPE, Cupertino, CA, US. ISBN 978-1 880653 91-3. Volume I, p 1152 http://www.isope.org/publications/proceedings/ISOPE/ISOPE%202014/index.htm Spiridonov, N.N., Repin, R.V. English

Monitoring is a continuous registration of a vessel’s vibration parameters simultaneously with registration of its movement and navigation parameters and also

ABSTRACTS 270

severity of ice conditions. In this paper the monitoring system main features and main principles of its installation on a vessel are presented. The experience of practical use of a monitoring system is presented by data obtained on a research ice-going vessel which had ice class Arc7. On the basis of the obtained data statistical characteristics of vibration parameters were determined depending on travelling regimes and ice severity conditions. In this paper it is proposed to characterize the severity of ice conditions by total power on shafts and vessel speed ratio. These results could be used for developing statistical attitudes to principle of vibration rates for ice-going ships.

Ice transiting vessels Monitoring Vibration

2015030729

Study on influence of ship speed on local ice loads on bow of the IBRV ARAON. ISOPE 2014, 24th International Ocean and Polar Engineering Conference; 15-20 June 2014; Busan, Korea. Published by ISOPE, Cupertino, CA, US. ISBN 978-1 880653 91-3. Volume I, p 1159 http://www.isope.org/publications/proceedings/ISOPE/ISOPE%202014/index.htm Kim, T-W., Kim, H-N., Et al English

This study presents an analysis of the relationship between ship speed and local ice loads on the Korean Icebreaker ARAON. The relationship curves were made from the data obtained at two areas: the Arctic and the Antarctic; and for two operating conditions: the icebreaking condition in sea ice trial and general operation in ice covered sea. The strain data were converted to the equivalent stress value, and the influence of ship speed on the local ice load was analysed and compared. These analysis results are useful in working on a statistically valid hull design approach.

Ice loads Icebreakers Ship speed

2015030730

Comparison and cause analysis of ice-induced structural vibration of upward and downward cones. ISOPE 2014, 24th International Ocean and Polar Engineering Conference; 15-20 June 2014; Busan, Korea. Published by ISOPE, Cupertino, CA, US. ISBN 978-1 880653 91-3. Volume I, p 1165 http://www.isope.org/publications/proceedings/ISOPE/ISOPE%202014/index.htm Xu, N., Yue, Q., Et al English

The ice-induced structural vibration is basically controlled by the value and period of dynamic ice force. For the conical structure, the value of ice force on the upward cone is larger than downward cone and the ice force period is much more complex. Field measurements in the Bohai Sea indicate that the ice force period and broken length of sea ice are mainly determined by the cone shape (upward or downward, width). When the cone is narrow, the dynamic ice force period is significantly different between the upward and downward cones. When the cone is wide, the difference is not significant.

Conical bodies Ice forces Vibration

2015030731

Damping of ship global modes: techniques and analysis. PRADS 2013, 12th International Symposium on Practical Design of Ships and Other Floating Structures; 20-25 October 2013; Changwon City, Korea. Proceedings. Published by Society of Naval Architects of Korea, ISBN 978-89-950016-0-8. Volume 2, p 927 [8 p, 13 ref, 4 tab, 15 fig] http://www.snak.or.kr/eng/sub01_01.html Dessi, D. English

The determination of damping of real structures is one of the most challenging tasks in modal analysis. The introduction of output-only techniques nowadays allows analysing on-board measurements as well as elastically scaled models in order to extract operational mode shapes and their associated frequencies in a relatively simple way. Stochastic Subspace Identification (SSI), Frequency Domain Decomposition (FDD) and Proper Orthogonal Decomposition (POD) are among the most popular methods for accomplishing this task. When damping is of concern, differences in the way the damping is

271 ABSTRACTS

estimated appear depending on exploited approach. Moreover, uncertainty affecting the final damping value remains even if the same technique is applied but with different settings. In this paper, besides the presentation of the techniques mentioned above for modal parameter identification, the focus is on the development of a procedure for damping estimation with POD in the case of full-scale measurements.

Damping Hydroelasticity Modal analysis

2015030732

Strength checking method of controllable pitch propeller blades based on numerical calculation. Chinese Journal of Ship Research, v 9 n 5, 2014, pp 53-59 http://www.ship-research.com/EN/Y2014/V9/I5/53 Wang, H., Zeng, Z., Zeng, Z. Chinese

Considering the complex geometry shape and load distribution of a propeller, this paper investigates the accurate solution to their strength checking problems. First, the CFD method of unidirectional fluid-structure coupling and the finite element method are used to calculate and analyse the structural strength of propeller; next, by comparing with the document-recommended safety factor, the rationality of the method is verified; then, the proposed method is used to check the structural strength of the designed controllable pitch propeller on the bollard and design conditions, concurrently comparing with the specification check. Results show that this method, compared with the existing strength check specification, has the advantage of providing more information on the structural strength. Specifically, the method is done by first solving the RANS equation and obtaining the hydrodynamic pressure coefficient of the propeller model surface, then dividing the finite element model of the real propeller, and finally interpolating the pressure coefficient to the finite element mesh node and calculating the hydrodynamic loads of the real propeller surface, simultaneously exerting centrifugal

force, and solving the maximum equivalent stress and distortion, as well as calculating the safety factor. The method is designed to the strength research of controllable pitch propeller to provide a means of numerical calculation.

Controllable pitch propellers Finite element method Hydrodynamic loads Structural strength

2015030733

Fatigue strength assessment of typical spots in wave-piercing catamaran (WPC) based on spectral method. ISOPE 2014, 24th International Ocean and Polar Engineering Conference; 15-20 June 2014; Busan, Korea. Published by ISOPE, Cupertino, CA, US. ISBN 978-1 880653 91-3. Volume IV, p 641 http://www.isope.org/publications/proceedings/ISOPE/ISOPE%202014/index.htm Yang, M., Sun, Z., Et al English

Based on Miner’s rule of linear damage accumulation and S-N curves, the fatigue strength assessment of wave-piercing catamaran (WPC) is predicated by employing the spectral-based analysis. Firstly, a finite element model of the ship structure was built. Then, the principal stress transfer functions of hotspots were calculated at different wave frequencies in several wave headings. The wave scatter diagram of the North Atlantic was used as wave loading spectrum. The fatigue strength assessment of the hotspots was conducted by using two types of S-N curves (curve II and curve III) which were recommended by DNV rules. The results show that several hotspots could not meet the service demand and must be improved. The assessment result is helpful for the structural design of the joints of similar WPC design and development.

Catamarans Fatigue strength Spectrum analysis Stresses

ABSTRACTS 272

2015030734

Strength assessment of ore carrier cross-deck structures. ISOPE 2014, 24th International Ocean and Polar Engineering Conference; 15-20 June 2014; Busan, Korea. Published by ISOPE, Cupertino, CA, US. ISBN 978-1 880653 91-3. Volume IV, p 861 http://www.isope.org/publications/proceedings/ISOPE/ISOPE%202014/index.htm Zhu, L., Cheng, F. English

A simple, first-principle-based calculation method has been developed to assess, at a global level, the transverse compression strength of cross-deck structures in ore carriers. The concept of cross-deck and associated structures is introduced in which the cross-deck and other structures attached to it make contribution to resist transverse compressive loads. The effects of cargo holds and hatches arrangement, cargo profile, cargo inertia loads, still water and wave head pressures have been taken into account. The developed calculation procedure, which is written to make a straight-forward assessment possible, links the general particulars of a ship, its hatches and hold dimensions directly to the safety factors. A damage case was investigated and the strength assessment made using this method. Strength studies provide important information about the possible hazards on the ore carriers.

Buckling Compressive strength Damage Ore carriers Ship decks

2015030735

Investigation on damping model for vibration response analysis using whole ship model. ISOPE 2014, 24th International Ocean and Polar Engineering Conference; 15-20 June 2014; Busan, Korea. Published by ISOPE, Cupertino, CA, US. ISBN 978-1 880653 91-3. Volume IV, p 890 http://www.isope.org/publications/proceedings/ISOPE/ISOPE%202014/index.htm Takahashi, H., Yasuzawa, Y. English

This study focuses on a damping model used for vibration response analysis of large ship structures. First, an exciter test of a VLCC was carried out in order to acquire a high resolution frequency response function. Then experimental modal analysis was carried out to identify the modal damping ratios. The

obtained modal damping ratios show large discrepancy from conventional damping models. Therefore a practical damping model for the actual ship was proposed and used to perform the vibration response analysis. Future works were extracted based on the comparison of the numerical results with measured response of the ship structure.

Modal analysis Ship structures Vibration damping

4.2 PROPERTIES OF MATERIALS

2015030736

A study on the method to estimate the stochastic property of the strength of corroded plate by response surface method with polynomial chaos expansion. PRADS 2013, 12th International Symposium on Practical Design of Ships and Other Floating Structures; 20-25 October 2013; Changwon City, Korea. Proceedings. Published by Society of Naval Architects of Korea, ISBN 978-89-950016-0-8. Volume 2, p 731 [8 p, 16 ref, 7 tab, 14 fig] http://www.snak.or.kr/eng/sub01_01.html Htun, M.M., Kawamura, Y. English

In this study, the stochastic properties of the ultimate tensile strength of corroded plate represented by random field model are estimated by using Polynomial Chaos Expansion Method (PCE). Firstly the hypothetical corroded surfaces which represent the thickness reduction of corrosion are generated by random field model (Karhunen-Loeve Expansion Method). Secondly, the random characteristics of minimum cross sectional area of the generated plates with random field corrosion are estimated by PCE method as well as Monte Carlo simulation to evaluate the availability of PCE to estimate stochastic properties of strength of corroded plate. By using PCE, the numbers of samples can be reduced significantly to get the accurate results and this effect is favourable to time consuming analysis. Thirdly, the ultimate tensile strength of the plates with random field of corrosion is obtained by non-linear three dimensional finite element analyses (FEA). Based on FEA results, stochastic properties of the ultimate

273 ABSTRACTS

tensile strength of the plates with random field corrosion are obtained by using PCE method.

Corrosion Finite element method Plates Tensile strength Ultimate strength

2015030737

The effect of welding on the strength of aluminium stiffened plates subject to combined uniaxial compression and lateral pressure. International Journal of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering, v 6 n 1, March 2014, p 39 [21 p, 17 ref, 12 tab, 13 fig] http://www.degruyter.com/view/j/ijnaoe.2014.6.issue-1/ijnaoe-2013-0162/ijnaoe-2013-0162.xml?format=INT Pedram, M., Khedmati, M.R. English

Nowadays aluminum stiffened plates are one of the major constituents of the marine structures, especially high-speed vessels. On one hand, these structures are subject to various forms of loading in the harsh sea environment, like hydrostatic lateral pressures and in-plane compression. On the other hand, fusion welding is often used to assemble those panels. The common marine aluminum alloys in the both 5,000 and 6,000 series, however, lose a remarkable portion of their load carrying capacity due to welding. This paper presents the results of sophisticated finite-element investigations considering both geometrical and mechanical imperfections. The tested models were those proposed by the ultimate strength committee of 15th ISSC. The presented data illuminates the effects of welding on the strength of aluminum plates under above-mentioned load conditions.

Aluminium alloys Compression Pressure Stiffened plates Welding

2015030738

A study on an efficient prediction of welding deformation for T-joint laser welding of sandwich panel Part II: Proposal of a method to use shell element model. International Journal of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering, v 6 n 2, June 2014, p 245 [12 p, 8 ref, 6 tab, 11 fig] http://www.degruyter.com/view/j/ijnaoe.2014.6.issue-2/ijnaoe-2013-0176/ijnaoe-2013-0176.xml?format=INT Kim, J.W., Jang, B.S., Kang, S.W. English

I-core sandwich panel that has been used more widely is assembled using high power CO₂laser welding. Kim et al. (2013) proposed a circular cone type heat source model for the T-joint laser welding between face plate and core. It can cover the negative defocus which is commonly adopted in T-joint laser welding to provide deeper penetration. In part I, a volumetric heat source model is proposed and it is verified thorough a comparison of melting zone on the cross section with experiment results. The proposed model can be used for heat transfer analysis and thermal elasto-plastic analysis to predict welding deformation that occurs during laser welding. In terms of computational time, since the thermal elasto-plastic analysis using 3D solid elements is quite time consuming, shell element model with multi-layers have been employed instead. However, the conventional layered approach is not appropriate for the application of heat load at T-Joint. This paper, Part II, suggests a new method to arrange different number of layers for face plate and core in order to impose heat load only to the face plate.

Deformation Elastoplasticity Laser welding Sandwich panels Thermal analysis

ABSTRACTS 274

2015030739

Mechanical properties and production quality of hand-layup and vacuum infusion processed hybrid composite materials for GFRP marine structures. International Journal of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering, v 6 n 3, September 2014, p 723 [14 p, 17 ref, 6 tab, 7 fig] http://www.degruyter.com/view/j/ijnaoe.2014.6.issue-3/ijnaoe-2013-0208/ijnaoe-2013-0208.xml?format=INT Kim, S-Y., Shim, C.S., Et al English

Glass Fibre Reinforced Plastic (GFRP) structures are primarily manufactured using hand lay-up or vacuum infusion techniques, which are cost-effective for the construction of marine vessels. This paper aims to investigate the mechanical properties and failure mechanisms of the hybrid GFRP composites, formed by applying the hand lay-up processed exterior and the vacuum infusion processed interior layups, providing benefits for structural performance and ease of manufacturing. The hybrid GFRP composites contain one, two, and three vacuum infusion processed layer sets with consistent sets of hand lay-up processed layers. Mechanical properties assessed in this study include tensile, compressive and in-plane shear properties. Hybrid composites with three sets of vacuum infusion layers showed the highest tensile mechanical properties while those with two sets had the highest mechanical properties in compression. The batch homogeneity, for the GFRP fabrication processes, is evaluated using the experimentally obtained mechanical properties.

Composite materials Glass reinforced plastics Mechanical properties

2015030740

Effect of tendons’ material on the dynamic behaviour of a tension leg platform analysed in the frequency and time domain. ISOPE 2014, 24th International Ocean and Polar Engineering Conference; 15-20 June 2014; Busan, Korea. Published by ISOPE, Cupertino, CA, US. ISBN 978-1 880653 91-3. Volume I, p 1027 http://www.isope.org/publications/proceedings/ISOPE/ISOPE%202014/index.htm Theodoridis, L., Loukogeorgaki, E., Angelides, D.C. English

In this paper, the effect of tendons’ material on the dynamic behaviour of a Tension Leg Platform (TLP)

is investigated in both frequency and time domain. Specifically, uncoupled frequency domain and uncoupled and coupled time domain analyses are performed. Three different types of material with different modulus of elasticity are taken into account and the effect of these materials on the TLP’s natural frequencies and on its response is presented and discussed. Finally, comparison of results obtained using the coupled and the uncoupled time domain analysis methods, is performed and the observed differences are highlighted and explained.

Composite materials Dynamic response Mechanical properties Tension leg platforms

2015030741

Strength assessment of LNG CCS plate using failure criteria for composite materials. PRADS 2013, 12th International Symposium on Practical Design of Ships and Other Floating Structures; 20-25 October 2013; Changwon City, Korea. Proceedings. Published by Society of Naval Architects of Korea, ISBN 978-89-950016-0-8. Volume 2, p 919 [8 p, 6 ref, 2 tab, 20 fig] http://www.snak.or.kr/eng/sub01_01.html Jeong, H.K., Yang, Y.S. English

Membrane type Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) cargo containment system, specifically Mark III LNG CCS is considered in this paper to perform the strength assessment. MARK III CSS plates structure is designed and constructed by stacking various non-metallic engineering materials such as plywood, triplex, reinforced PU foam that are supported by series of mastic upon inner steel hull structure. From the viewpoint of structural analysis, this plated structure is considered as a laminated composite structure. Commercially available general purpose finite element analysis programs such as MSC PATRAN and MARC are used to develop the advanced finite element (FE) model of the structure. Because Mark III CCS is subjected to a wide range of temperature variations in operation, i.e. about -170oC to 20oC, different material properties of Mark III CCS plate at these temperature levels are considered in the FE models. Using the developed FE models, the strength assessment procedure is developed incorporating various strength based failure criteria for composite materials such as maximum stress, Hill, Tsai-Wu, Hoffman, Hashin. The strength assessment

275 ABSTRACTS

is performed within the initial failure state of Mark III CSS platek and, as a result, failure details like failure locations, loads and stress values are identified.

Composite materials Containment systems Failure LNG tanks Structural strength

4.3 CORROSION AND FOULING

2015030742

Correction of prediction model output application to general corrosion mode. RINA Transactions – IJME – v 156 part A4, October-December 2014 http://www.rina.org.uk/ijme.html Hifi, N., Barltrop, N. English

This paper applies a newly developed methodology to calibrate the corrosion model within a structural reliability analysis. The methodology combines data from experience (measurements and expert judgment) and prediction models to adjust the structural reliability models. Two corrosion models published in the literature have been used to demonstrate the technique used for the model calibration. One model is used as a prediction for a future degradation and a second one to represent the inspection recorded data. The results of the calibration process are presented and discussed.

Corrosion Predictions Structural reliability

5 NAVAL VESSELS AND DEFENCE TECHNOLOGY

2015030743

Application of the Bayesian optimisation algorithm to naval structural design. PRADS 2013, 12th International Symposium on Practical Design of Ships and Other Floating Structures; 20-25 October 2013; Changwon City, Korea. Proceedings. Published by Society of Naval Architects of Korea, ISBN 978-89-950016-0-8. Volume 2, p 694 [8 p, 8 ref, 6 tab, 6 fig] http://www.snak.or.kr/eng/sub01_01.html Devine, T.E., Collette, M. English

As hull complexity of modem surface combatants grows, designers require new methods to quickly and effectively search a design space in early stage design. It is essential that designers can, with minimum effort, evaluate the worthiness of potential design solutions. In situations where such solutions are non-intuitive, the optimisation routine becomes the primary means to explore the design space. Evolutionary Algorithms (EAs) and particularly Bayesian Optimisation Algorithms (BOAs) shows promise as a useful methodology for accomplishing this task. In order to demonstrate the BOA's effectiveness, the US Navy's aluminium hull T -Craft is used as a design case. A hypothetical midship section is evaluated and optimised by the BOA for production cost under a given set of structural strength constraints. The results are contrasted with a single objective genetic algorithm, a popular current alternative used in the field of design, comparing both the effort or fitness calls used to reach the solution and the resulting solution itself.

Naval vessels Optimisation Ship design Structural analysis

2015030744

The method for topside designs and the quantitative evaluation of naval surface ships. Chinese Journal of Ship Research, v 9 n 5, 2014, p 8 [7 p, 13 ref, 4 tab, 3 fig] http://www.ship-research.com/EN/Y2014/V9/I5/8 Zhang, Y., Xu, Q., Wu, F. Chinese

The artistic topside design of naval surface ships is currently in the early stage due to the lack of creative

ABSTRACTS 276

concepts and theoretical methods. Under the guidance of modern industrial design theories, this paper analyses the correlation between topside design and overall design. Specifically, the topside design is carried out systematically at the different stages of the overall design, based on the functional theory and systems engineering. The modelling units are changed or combined, by modifying the quantitative structure and demarcating the relationship of functional surfaces, in order to seek a balance between performance and appearance. Also, an indicator system is established. Finally, this paper calculates the weighting factor of indicators through an Analytic Hierarchy Process and obtains the comprehensive results of design schemes using fuzzy mathematics.

Naval vessels Ship design Systems engineering

2015030745

Spatial arrangement of naval ships considering functions and relationships between compartments. Journal of the Society of Naval Architects of Korea, v 51 n 5, October 2014, p 388 [8 p, 8 ref, 6 tab, 10 fig] http://www.koreascience.or.kr/article/ArticleFullRecord.jsp?cn=DHJSCN_2014_v51n5_388 Hwang, I-H., Shin, J-H., Et al Korean

This paper presents a method that generates alternatives of spatial arrangement for naval ships with limited information. To attain this end, GA (General Arrangement) methodology and GA reports of existing naval ships are analysed. In order to improve the current naval ship spatial arrangement method that relies on the experience and know-hows of designers, a systematic spatial arrangement process using SLP (Systematic Layout Planning) is proposed, which determines relative positions of the components by analysing relationships among them. The proposed method, along with the GA process, is applied to a virtual naval ship and layout alternatives are generated to verify usefulness of the method.

General arrangements Layout Naval vessels

2015030746

A comprehensive approach to survivability assessment in naval ship concept design. RINA Transactions – IJME – v 156 part A4, October-December 2014 http://www.rina.org.uk/ijme.html Piperakis, A.S., Andrews, D.J. English

Alongside deploying weapons and sensors what makes a warship distinct is its survivability, being the measure that enables a warship to survive in a militarily hostile environment. The rising cost of warship procurement, coupled with declining defence budgets, has led to cost cutting, often aimed at aspects, such as survivability, which may be difficult to quantify in a manner that facilitates cost capability trade-offs. Therefore, to meet ever-reducing budgets, in real terms, innovation in both the design process and the design of individual ships is necessary, especially at the crucial early design stages. Computer technology can be utilised to exploit architecturally orientated preliminary design approaches, which have been conceived to explore innovation early in the ship design process and the impact of such issues as survivability. A number of survivability assessment tools currently exist; however, most fail to integrate all the constituent elements of survivability (i.e. susceptibility, vulnerability and recoverability), in that they are unable to balance between the component aspects of survivability. Some of these tools are qualitative and therefore less than ideal in specifying survivability requirements, others are aimed towards the more detailed design stages where implementing changes is heavily constrained or even impractical. This paper presents a survivability assessment approach combining various tools used by UCL and the UK Ministry of Defence, as well as a new approach for recoverability assessment. The proposed method attempts to better integrate and quantify survivability in early stage ship design, which is facilitated by the UCL derived, architecturally focused, design building block approach. The integrated survivability method is demonstrated for a set of naval combatant concept designs and for two replenishment ship studies to test the robustness of the proposed approach.

Naval vessels Ship design Ship survivability

277 ABSTRACTS

2015030747

The influence of different factors on the dynamic anti-sinking capacity of submarines. ISOPE 2014, 24th International Ocean and Polar Engineering Conference; 15-20 June 2014; Busan, Korea. Published by ISOPE, Cupertino, CA, US. ISBN 978-1 880653 91-3. Volume IV, p 593 http://www.isope.org/publications/proceedings/ISOPE/ISOPE%202014/index.htm Luo, R., Wang, X., Et al English

In this paper, a complete mathematical model of submarines’ emergency surfacing is built based on the non-linear motion equations of six degrees of freedom, which includes the damage flooding, high-pressure blowing-venting of ballast tank, surfacing with a large angle of attack, PID auto-steering. Using the mathematic model, a submarine emergency surfacing simulation code is programmed. Furthermore, a certain submarine’s surfacing motions under different locations and magnitudes of damage, initial speed, and blowing-venting conditions are calculated. Through analysis of the simulation results: The pattern of depth and attitude changing during the emergency surfacing is obtained, and the effectiveness on anti-sinking of high pressure blowing-venting, accelerating, and steering is also validated. The changing pattern of the critical diameter for retrieval is analysed as an indicator of the dynamic anti-sinking capacity of submarines.

Damage Flooding Mathematical models Submarines

2015030748

Shock response analysis of blast hardened bulkhead in naval ship under internal blast. ISOPE 2014, 24th International Ocean and Polar Engineering Conference; 15-20 June 2014; Busan, Korea. Published by ISOPE, Cupertino, CA, US. ISBN 978-1 880653 91-3. Volume IV, p 603 http://www.isope.org/publications/proceedings/ISOPE/ISOPE%202014/index.htm Lee, S-G., Kim, Y.Y., Choi, G.G. English

It is necessary to restrict the damage area for the enhancement of ship survivability under the internal blast of a Semi-Armor Piecing (SAP) warhead inside a ship’s compartment, and to develop design guidance and performance verification technique of Blast Hardened Bulkhead (BHB) for the protection of

its damage diffusion to adjoining compartment and continuous flooding. The objective of this study is to develop shock response analysis technique of BHB under the internal blast using MMALE (Multi-Material Arbitrary Lagrangian Eulerian) formulation and FSI (Fluid-Structure Interaction) analysis technique of LS-DYNA code through the verifications of internal blast tests of reduced scale chamber model.

Bulkheads Naval vessels Shock

6 MISCELLANEOUS

2015030749

Some solutions to the rising costs of wreck removal. ITS 2014, 23rd International Tug, Salvage & OSV Convention and Exhibition; 16-20 June 2014, Hamburg, Germany. Papers. Published by the ABR Company Ltd., UK; ISBN 978-1-904050-26-1. Day 1, Paper 2, p 23 [10 p] https://www.tugandosv.com/books.php?cat=4 Pockett, D. English

This paper looks at various ways in which wreck removal costs might be reduced. Contrasting examples of casualty management adopted by authorities are provided, and a critical look at the relationships between P&I Clubs and wreck removal contractors is taken. Tendering processes, including funding issues, are addressed, forms of contract, rates and negotiations are examined and, in particular, the misuse of SCOPIC, the delays in decision-making and their effect on wreck removal costs. The adequacy of training and experience of contractors, claims handlers and advisers is questioned. Finally, the paper asks if there are sufficient forums between relevant parties which might assist in providing a specific focus on the needs of the industry, improved relationships and a better understanding of wreck removal operations and requirements.

Cost reduction Wreck removal

ABSTRACTS 278

2015030750

Current challenges in the salvage industry and the response of marine salvors. ITS 2014, 23rd International Tug, Salvage & OSV Convention and Exhibition; 16-20 June 2014, Hamburg, Germany. Papers. Published by the ABR Company Ltd., UK; ISBN 978-1-904050-26-1. Day 1, Paper 3, p 33 [6 p] https://www.tugandosv.com/books.php?cat=4 Muller, L. English

Salvors provide a vital service to the shipping industry but face a number of commercial international and practical challenges. This paper sets out the current issues from the perspective of the International Salvage Union, the trade association representing the world’s marine salvors. Key issues are the lack of international agreement on places of refuge; the continued decline in the use of the most common salvage contract, Lloyd’s Open Form; innovation and investment in the industry’s response capability and the increase in large wreck removal projects and the implications for the salvage industry.

Salvage

279 ABSTRACTS

Author Name Abstract No.

Abels, W. 2015030638 Abeysiriwardhane, A. 2015030529 Adachi, M. 2015030607 Agrawal, M. 2015030592 Akomoto, H. 2015030656 Allan, R. 2015030602 Alyami, H. 2015030578 An, J. 2015030576 An, N.H. 2015030628 Andersen, I.M.V. 2015030724 Andrade, B.L.R. de 2015030507 2015030538 Andrews, D.J. 2015030746 Angelides, D.C. 2015030740 Aydin, M. 2015030662 Bačkalov, I. 2015030597 Bae, J-H. 2015030623 Bagheri, H. 2015030517 Bandiver, J.K. 2015030690 Barhoumi, M. 2015030682 Barltrop, N. 2015030742 Bastien, C. 2015030528 Bayraktarkatal, E. 2015030717 Begovic, E. 2015030663 Bellezi, C.A. 2015030705 Bertorello, C. 2015030663 Bhattacharyya, A. 2015030627 2015030652 Bijan, S. 2015030689 Binkowski, E. 2015030515 Bishop, A. 2015030614 Bistrović, M. 2015030567 Bora, S.N. 2015030678 Bosschers, J. 2015030722 Boyd, E. 2015030618 Braaten, H. 2015030708 Broglia, R. 2015030625 Bronsart, R. 2015030515 Brown, A. 2015030707 Bukarica, M. 2015030532 Burmenskiy, A.D. 2015030616 Butler, B. 2015030518 Cai, H-p. 2015030635 Cai, W. 2015030539 Cakici, F. 2015030662 Campos, J. 2015030608 Chaney, C.S. 2015030710 Chang, C.L. 2015030599 Chang, K.Y. 2015030599 Chen, K. 2015030635 Chen, X-j. 2015030661 Chen, Y. 2015030706 Chen, Z. 2015030651 Cheng, F. 2015030734

Cheng, L-Y. 2015030705 Chien, H-P. 2015030694 Chin, C.K.H. 2015030614 Cho, S. 2015030658 Choi, G.G. 2015030748 Choi, J. 2015030596 Choi, J-E, 2015030634 2015030649 Choi, J-K. 2015030631 Choi, K-J. 2015030575 Choi, S.H. 2015030630 Choi, T-M. 2015030537 Choi, W. 2015030544 Choi, Y-M. 2015030585 Choung, J. 2015030718 Chrismianto, D. 2015030511 Chung, H. 2015030546 Clelland, D. 2015030552 Collette, M. 2015030713 2015030743 Couce, J.C.C. 2015030610 Couce, L.C. 2015030610 Crotty, P. 2015030525 Cubells, A. 2015030726 Cui, H-w. 2015030720 Dai, Y-z. 2015030720 Danişman, D.B. 2015030626 Degroote, D. 2015030560 Deng, J. 2015030553 Dessi, D. 2015030731 Devine, T.E. 2015030743 Dielen, B. 2015030506 Dobrodeev, A.A. 2015030617 Dong, W. 2015030574 Drouet, A. 2015030688 Durante, D. 2015030625 Elgohary, M.M. 2015030611 Enshaei, H. 2015030529 Faghih-Roohi, S. 2015030593 Fan, T. 2015030584 Fan, W. 2015030715 Farsi, M. 2015030685 Fetisov, V.A. 2015030580 Formoso, J.A.F. 2015030610 Fossati, F 2015030711 Fricke, W. 2015030549 Friebe, M. 2015030723 Fukasawa, T. 2015030719 Gaggero, T. 2015030613 Gambell, M. 2015030571 Garbatov, Y. 2015030726 Gernez, E. 2015030521 Ghadimi, P. 2015030685 Ghassemi, H. 2015030517

AUTHOR INDEX A-1

Goodstein, J. 2015030558 Greenbank, C. 2015030531 Gruijthuijsen, W. van 2015030506 Gu, J-y. 2015030675 2015030687 Guedes Soares, C. 2015030697 2015030726 Guo, J. 2015030679 Ha, M-K. 2015030512 Ha, Y-J. 2015030639 Hanaoka, A. 2015030647 Hansen, F.J. 2015030555 Harris, D. 2015030520 Hassan, M. 2015030678 Hata, H. 2015030653 Hayashi, Y. 2015030650 He, J. 2015030552 Heel, D. van 2015030619 Hiekata, K. 2015030547 Hifi, N. 2015030742 Higuera, P. 2015030704 Hinatsu, M. 2015030647 Ho, K. 2015030650 Hong, D.C. 2015030670 Hong, S.Y. 2015030670 Horsefield, R. 2015030541 Hou, J. 2015030533 Htun, M.M. 2015030736 Hu, J-j. 2015030693 Huang, F 2015030535 Huang, W. 2015030636 Hudson, D. 2015030632 2015030633 Hukkelas, T. 2015030570 Huttman, S.J. 2015030571 Hwang, G-H. 2015030577 Hwang, I.H. 2015030548 2015030745 Hwang, S.Y. 2015030702 Jabtanom, A. 2015030530 Jacobsen, B. 2015030557 Jan, B-S. 2015030723 Jang, B.S. 2015030738 Jang, C-H. 2015030727 Jang, H-S. 2015030562 Jang, J. 2015030630 Jensen, J.J. 2015030714 2015030724 Jeong, H.K. 2015030741 Jeong, K-l. 2015030642 Jeong, W-i. 2015030696 Jhingran, V. 2015030690 Ji, S-P. 2015030534 Jia, D. 2015030592 Jiménez, J.L. 2015030608 Jo, Y. 2015030712

Jong, G. de 2015030603 Joo, W-H. 2015030519 Jung, K. 2015030658 Jung, K-S. 2015030556 2015030563 Jürgens, D. 2015030676 Kanehira, M. 2015030656 Kaneko, F. 2015030601 Kang, S.W. 2015030738 Kato, N. 2015030689 Kawamura, Y. 2015030736 Kawanami, Y. 2015030647 Kerkeni, S. 2015030612 Khedmati, M.R. 2015030664 2015030737 Kihara, H. 2015030671 Kim, B.C. 2015030545 Kim, C. 2015030668 Kim, D-J. 2015030511 2015030640 Kim, D.K. 2015030516 Kim, D-S. 2015030668 Kim, H. 2015030637 Kim, H.B. 2015030516 Kim, H-N. 2015030729 Kim, H-T. 2015030631 Kim, J. 2015030703 Kim, J.W. 2015030738 Kim, J-H. 2015030634 2015030649 2015030677 Kim, K. 2015030508 2015030513 2015030537 Kim, L.V. 2015030588 Kim, M. 2015030544 2015030546 Kim, M-s. 2015030551 Kim, N. 2015030660 2015030695 Kim, S. 2015030546 Kim, S-W. 2015030563 Kim, S.Y. 2015030640 2015030739 Kim, T-W. 2015030629 2015030729 Kim, Y. 2015030548 2015030641 2015030677 Kim, Y.Y. 2015030575 2015030748 Kim. S-H. 2015030519 Kinaci, O.K. 2015030709 King, R. 2015030707 Kitagawa, H. 2015030581 Kluwe, F. 2015030510

A-2 AUTHOR INDEX

Kokkila, K. 2015030565 Koo, B. 2015030683 Koperen, R. van 2015030560 Kosaka, H. 2015030607 Krüger, S. 2015030510 Kumar, P. 2015030699 Kvilums, C. 2015030526 Kwon, S. 2015030545 Kwon, Y. 2015030518 Lafeber, F.H. 2015030722 Lara, J.L. 2015030704 Lee, B-m. 2015030696 Lee, C-H. 2015030727 Lee, D. 2015030559 2015030596 Lee, D.-H. 2015030512 Lee, G.J. 2015030659 Lee, H. 2015030559 2015030684 2015030712 Lee, J. 2015030641 Lee, J.H. 2015030702 Lee, J-W. 2015030562 Lee, K-J. 2015030623 Lee, S-B. 2015030585 2015030643 Lee, S-G. 2015030701 2015030748 Lee, S-h. 2015030551 Lee, S.J. 2015030550 Lee, S-k. 2015030694 Lee, T-W. 2015030578 Lee, Y.M. 2015030643 Lee, Y-G. 2015030639 2015030642 Li, H. 2015030721 Li, Y. 2015030700 Li, Z-j. 2015030693 Li, Z-l. 2015030534 Lie, H. 2015030708 Lim, S-S. 2015030629 Lin, J.T. 2015030672 Lin, Q. 2015030680 Liu, C. 2015030665 Liu, S. 2015030566 Liu, Y-J. 2015030583 Livingstone, G. 2015030619 Lo, D.C. 2015030672 Loew, J. 2015030573 Lou, M. 2015030686 Loukogeorgaki, E. 2015030740 Lu, D-q. 2015030680 Lu, J. 2015030605 Lu, X. 2015030699 Luo, H.B. 2015030697 Luo, R. 2015030747

Lützhoft, M. 2015030529 Lv, B. 2015030624 Lv, G.S. 2015030586 Macpherson, D. 2015030618 Maiorov, N.N. 2015030580 Maki, A. 2015030655 Malavasi, S. 2015030691 2015030692 Mandelli, S. 2015030691 Martinez-López, A. 2015030609 Matveev, K.I. 2015030710 Mazaheri, A. 2015030595 McCartan, S. 2015030520 2015030525 2015030526 2015030528 Metrikin, I. 2015030570 Mirauda, D. 2015030692 Mitsuyuki, T. 2015030547 Moharrami, M. 2015030657 Monchy, M.M. De 2015030523 2015030524 Montewka, J. 2015030595 Morabito, M.G. 2015030645 Morgan, J.R.J. 2015030527 Moshari, S. 2015030681 Muggiasca, S. 2015030691 Mukai, K. 2015030719 Muller, L. 2015030750 Nam, B.W. 2015030695 Nam, J-M. 2015030718 Nazarov, A. 2015030530 Nelson, T. 2015030522 Ng, K.M. 2015030593 Nikseresht, A.H. 2015030681 Nishimoto, K. 2015030705 Nordby, K. 2015030521 Nyberg, J. 2015030572 Osawa, H. 2015030591 Otsuka, N. 2015030581 Ou, J. 2015030584 2015030587 Pak, J-Y. 2015030579 Park H-G. 2015030631 Park, D-M. 2015030641 Park, G. 2015030559 Park, J-Y. 2015030660 Park, S-H. 2015030643 Park, T. 2015030564 Parrott, J. 2015030541 Pavkov, M.E. 2015030645 Pedram, M. 2015030737 Pennino, S. 2015030663 Phormtan, T. 2015030530 Pike, D. 2015030501 2015030536

AUTHOR INDEX A-3

Piks, R. 2015030514 Piperakis, A.S. 2015030746 Plantamura, A.V. 2015030692 Ploeg, A. van der 2015030509 Pockett, D. 2015030749 Qi, X.L. 2015030586 Qian, P. 2015030700 Qiao, D. 2015030584 2015030587 Qin, Z. 2015030648 Qu, J. 2015030667 Ramm-Schmidt, H. 2015030622 Rao, Z. 2015030690 Realfsen, B. 2015030569 Reihle, J. 2015030573 Reliquet, G. 2015030688 Ren, H. 2015030589 Ren, H-l. 2015030721 Repin, R.V. 2015030728 Reza, M. 2015030681 Richards, D. 2015030531 Rigerink, D. 2015030514 Riggio, M. 2015030620 Rizzuto, E. 2015030613 Robustelli, F. 2015030711 Rocholl, R. 2015030676 Ruggeri, F. 2015030669 Ryu, S.H. 2015030628 Saint-Marcoux, J-F. 2015030590 Sano, M. 2015030653 Santos, L.C. 2015030609 Sazonov, K.E. 2015030617 Seddiek, I.S. 2015030611 Segbers, D. 2015030561 Seif, M.S. 2015030664 Seng, S. 2015030714 Sevaldson, B. 2015030521 Shao, W. 2015030533 Shen, W. 2015030674 Shim, C.S. 2015030739 Shimada, Y. 2015030615 Shin, H. 2015030658 Shin, J.G. 2015030550 Shin, J-H. 2015030745 Shin, S-H. 2015030577 Shoghi, R. 2015030716 Si, N. 2015030539 Singer, D.J. 2015030514 Smit, B.D. 2015030523 Smogeli, O. 2015030666 Sobrino, P.C. 2015030609 Song, G. 2015030637 Song, K-B. 2015030519 Song, M-C. 2015030684 Soukissian, T.H. 2015030582 Spall, R.E. 2015030644

Spiridonov, N.N. 2015030728 Starke, B. 2015030509 Steen, S. 2015030627 2015030652 Stöcke, P. 2015030561 Storhaug, G. 2015030682 Su, D.T. 2015030672 Suárez-Alemán, A. 2015030608 Sun, Z. 2015030733 Sung, Y. 2015030564 Szlapczynski, R. 2015030594 Tabeshpour, M.R. 2015030716 Takahashi, H. 2015030735 Tan, L.B. 2015030706 Tancredi, T.P. 2015030507 2015030538 Tang, J. 2015030636 Tang, Y. 2015030674 Tank J.H.C. 2015030703 Taranukha, N.A. 2015030616 Tayyar, G.T. 2015030717 Tayyar, T. 2015030718 Theodoridis, L. 2015030740 Thomas, G. 2015030614 Tian, X-m. 2015030698 Tillig, F. 2015030508 2015030513 Tinsley, D. 2015030503 Todd, C. 2015030620 Tokgoz, E. 2015030646 Tomas, V. 2015030567 Tootkaboni, M. 2015030657 Townley, J. 2015030540 Tsuprik, V.G. 2015030588 Turnock, S. 2015030632 2015030633 Ueda, R.J. 2015030507 Umeda, N. 2015030655 Ung, S-T. 2015030598 Vakilabadi, K.A. 2015030664 Valdman, N.A. 2015030600 Veldhuis, C. 2015030509 Venzon, R.Z. 2015030538 Verheijden, B. 2015030525 Volpenhein, K. 2015030571 Wagner, J. 2015030515 Wang, H. 2015030604 2015030732 Wang, J. 2015030574 Wang, K. 2015030667 Wang, L. 2015030535 Wang, P. 2015030667 Wang, S. 2015030697 Wang, X. 2015030747 Wang, X-G. 2015030654 2015030665

A-4 AUTHOR INDEX

Wang, Y. 2015030589 Watai, R.A. 2015030669 Wendt, F. 2015030555 Wenyong, T. 2015030725 Will, J. 2015030510 Win, Y.N. 2015030646 Windé, B. 2015030633 Windén, B. 2015030632 Wolczko, S. 2015030542 Woo, J.H. 2015030550 Wu, F. 2015030587 2015030744 Wu, H-l. 2015030661 Wu, J. 2015030675 Wu, M. 2015030606 Wu, Y. 2015030699 Xiao, L-f. 2015030687 Xiao, W. 2015030679 Xie, M. 2015030593 Xing, B. 2015030566 Xu, N. 2015030730 Xu, P. 2015030673 Xu, Q. 2015030744 Yamamoto, H. 2015030547 Yan, S. 2015030605 Yang, C. 2015030535 Yang, H. 2015030605 2015030673 Yang, J. 2015030683 Yang, J-m. 2015030687 Yang, L. 2015030648 Yang, M. 2015030733 Yang, Y.S. 2015030741 Yao, X-l. 2015030679 Yasukawa, H. 2015030653 Yasuzawa, Y. 2015030735 Ye, J. 2015030651 Yeo, G-T. 2015030579 Yeo, S. 2015030543 Yeung, R.W. 2015030680 Yi, H. 2015030700 Yong, Y. 2015030725 Yoon, K. 2015030543 Yoshida, M. 2015030671 Yu, C. 2015030686 Yuan, W.C. 2015030715 Yue, Q. 2015030730 Yuzui, T. 2015030601 Zacke, S. 2015030549 Zahid, U. 2015030576 Zeng, Z. 2015030732 2015030732 Zhang, B-L. 2015030583 Zhang, D.S. 2015030553 Zhang, Y. 2015030744 Zhao, T. 2015030701

Zhou, P. 2015030552 2015030604 Zhu, J. 2015030713 Zhu, L. 2015030734 Zhu, P. 2015030648 Zou, Z-J. 2015030654 2015030665 2015030698 Zwaluw, M. van der 2015030540

AUTHOR INDEX A-5

Ship/Structure Name Abstract No.

Al Kout 2015030504 Cheong-Hae 2015030537 CSCL Globe 2015030505 Nos Aries 2015030502 Pieter Schelte 2015030501 Samish 2015030503 Tokitae 2015030503

SHIP AND STRUCTURE NAME INDEX S-1

Keyword Abstract No.

Absorption 2015030604 Accommodation spaces 2015030526 Accuracy 2015030543 Added mass 2015030659 2015030696 Added resistance in waves 2015030641 2015030642 2015030650 Aerodynamics 2015030710 2015030711 2015030712 Ageing offshore structures 2015030574 Air cushion vehicles 2015030536 Air injection 2015030630 Air lubrication 2015030630 Airborne noise 2015030613 Alternative fuels 2015030611 Aluminium alloys 2015030737 Anchor handling vessels 2015030570 2015030603 Approximation 2015030655 Arctic marine transportation 2015030581 Arctic regions 2015030588 2015030600 Arctic waters 2015030581 2015030615 2015030616 Assembling 2015030544 2015030545 Automatic control 2015030612 Automation 2015030548 Autorgression 2015030724 Auxiliary engines 2015030556 Ballast water 2015030620 Ballasting 2015030543 Bayes theorem 2015030713 Beam seas 2015030669 Bending moments 2015030721 Berthing 2015030606 2015030660 Berthing systems 2015030575 Blades 2015030628 Blocks 2015030544 2015030548 Boundary element method 2015030684 2015030696 2015030709 Bows 2015030697 Broaching 2015030655 Buckling 2015030734 Building docks 2015030543 Bulbous bows 2015030511 Bulk carriers 2015030557 Bulkheads 2015030748

Carbon dioxide 2015030576 Catalogues 2015030545 Catalytic converters 2015030564 2015030611 Catamarans 2015030530 2015030626 2015030733 Chemical tankers 2015030509 Circular shapes 2015030680 Collapse 2015030717 2015030723 Collision avoidance manoeuvres 2015030594 Collision resistance 2015030715 Communicating 2015030566 Competitiveness 2015030608 Composite materials 2015030573 2015030706 2015030739 2015030740 2015030741 Compression 2015030737 Compressive strength 2015030734 Computational fluid dynamics 2015030508 2015030509 2015030510 2015030511 2015030513 2015030534 2015030592 2015030605 2015030625 2015030629 2015030631 2015030633 2015030634 2015030643 2015030644 2015030646 2015030659 2015030669 2015030672 2015030676 2015030694 2015030695 2015030699 2015030714 Computer-aided design 2015030545 Computer-aided ship design 2015030539 Conical bodies 2015030730 Consoles 2015030523 Construction 2015030544 2015030546 Container handling 2015030575 Container lashings 2015030577

KEYWORD INDEX K-1

Container terminals 2015030578 2015030580 Containerised shipping 2015030616 Containerships 2015030505 2015030515 2015030534 2015030577 2015030597 2015030607 2015030629 2015030642 2015030682 2015030719 2015030724 Containment systems 2015030512 2015030701 2015030702 2015030741 Control 2015030552 2015030583 2015030660 Control systems 2015030569 2015030610 Controllable pitch propellers 2015030732 Corrosion 2015030516 2015030736 2015030742 Cost analysis 2015030608 Cost reduction 2015030527 2015030749 Couplings 2015030573 Crew boats 2015030536 Cruise ships 2015030525 2015030660 Cyclic loads 2015030720 Cylindrical bodies 2015030678 2015030681 2015030683 2015030689 2015030690 2015030691 Damage 2015030718 2015030734 2015030747 Damage control 2015030596 Damping 2015030584 2015030657 2015030731 Data 2015030545 Deck wetness 2015030669 2015030705 Deepwater 2015030584 2015030590 Defects 2015030726 Deformation 2015030551 2015030738

Degrees of freedom 2015030665 Design 2015030518 2015030523 2015030532 2015030584 Design criteria 2015030516 2015030542 Development 2015030590 Diesel engines 2015030553 2015030556 2015030559 2015030562 2015030563 2015030564 Diffraction 2015030592 Distortion 2015030549 Double hulls 2015030605 Drag 2015030644 Drag reduction 2015030628 Dredgers 2015030725 Ducted propellers 2015030627 2015030647 2015030652 Dynamic loads 2015030703 Dynamic positioning 2015030518 2015030555 2015030569 2015030570 2015030612 2015030637 2015030666 Dynamic response 2015030661 2015030675 2015030686 2015030689 2015030703 2015030715 2015030740 Economic analysis 2015030576 2015030607 Efficiency 2015030614 Elastic plates 2015030680 Elastoplasticity 2015030738 Electric drives 2015030565 Electric power 2015030547 2015030568 Emissions 2015030560 2015030562 2015030563 2015030604 2015030611 Energy 2015030623 Energy conservation 2015030556 2015030618 2015030632 2015030634

K-2 KEYWORD INDEX

Energy conservation 2015030649 Engine maintenance 2015030561 Engine wear 2015030561 Equations of motion 2015030651 2015030659 Equipment 2015030545 Equipment selection 2015030572 Evaluation 2015030667 Excitation 2015030690 Exhaust gases 2015030564 Experimentation 2015030630 Extreme loads 2015030682 Extreme values 2015030714 Extreme waves 2015030699 2015030703 Failure 2015030741 Failure analysis 2015030589 Fatigue (materials) 2015030682 Fatigue life 2015030713 Fatigue strength 2015030719 2015030733 Ferries 2015030503 Finite element method 2015030684 2015030696 2015030721 2015030732 2015030736 Fire detectors 2015030567 Fire protection 2015030723 Fishing vessels 2015030614 Flare (shape) 2015030697 Flat plates 2015030625 Fleet management 2015030609 Floating docks 2015030543 Floating structures 2015030658 2015030661 Flooding 2015030747 Flow distribution 2015030650 2015030692 Fluid flow 2015030624 Fluid structure interaction 2015030677 2015030684 2015030687 2015030688 2015030692 2015030696 2015030701 2015030702 Forward speed 2015030670 FPSOs 2015030512 2015030669 2015030705 Free surfaces 2015030509 2015030624 2015030681 2015030685

Frequency domain method 2015030716 Frictional resistance 2015030630 Froude number 2015030683 Fuel cells 2015030552 Fuel conservation 2015030622 Fuel consumption 2015030556 2015030560 2015030614 2015030618 Fuzzy sets 2015030579 2015030598 Gaps 2015030694 Gas engines 2015030562 Gas turbines 2015030552 General arrangements 2015030745 Genetic algorithms 2015030517 Glass reinforced plastics 2015030739 Gravity structures 2015030703 Green function 2015030670 Groundings 2015030595 2015030596 Heat recovery 2015030559 2015030568 Heat transfer 2015030723 Heaving 2015030664 2015030674 Heavy lift vessels 2015030501 Heel (list) 2015030656 High speed vessels 2015030525 2015030528 2015030626 2015030655 Hooks 2015030599 Hopper dredgers 2015030651 Hull form 2015030507 2015030513 2015030515 2015030517 2015030535 2015030538 2015030640 2015030662 Hull girders 2015030714 2015030717 2015030720 Hull propeller interaction 2015030646 Hull resistance 2015030636 2015030648 Hull vibration 2015030719 Human error 2015030598 Human factors 2015030529 2015030531 Human reliability 2015030598 Hybrid propulsion 2015030560 Hydrodynamic coefficients 2015030654 2015030678

KEYWORD INDEX K-3

Hydrodynamic forces 2015030635 Hydrodynamic loads 2015030732 Hydroelasticity 2015030677 2015030680 2015030684 2015030731 Ice conditions 2015030612 Ice forces 2015030588 2015030730 Ice loads 2015030533 2015030721 2015030729 Ice navigation 2015030615 2015030617 Ice resistance 2015030533 2015030617 Ice transiting vessels 2015030540 2015030728 Icebreakers 2015030617 2015030729 Icebreaking cargo ships 2015030534 Impact loads 2015030675 Information exchange 2015030566 Information systems 2015030566 Inland waterways vessels 2015030597 Inspection 2015030589 Installing 2015030592 Interactions 2015030637 Interference 2015030626 Intermodal transportation 2015030609 Internal waves 2015030686 Irregular waves 2015030663 Jacket structures 2015030583 2015030589 Joints 2015030549 Laser welding 2015030738 Layout 2015030550 2015030745 Life (durability) 2015030571 Life cycle costs 2015030561 Lifeboats 2015030599 Lift 2015030710 Lifting line theory 2015030638 Line heating 2015030551 Liquefaction 2015030576 Liquefied natural gas 2015030512 2015030542 2015030607 LNG carriers 2015030508 2015030513 LNG tanks 2015030701 2015030702 2015030741 Logistics 2015030580 Lubricating oils 2015030558 Maintenance 2015030574

Manoeuvres 2015030610 2015030619 Manoeuvring 2015030654 2015030665 Marine accidents 2015030593 Marine structures 2015030713 Marine transportation 2015030593 Markov processes 2015030593 Mathematical analysis 2015030655 Mathematical models 2015030532 2015030654 2015030710 2015030747 Measurement 2015030722 Mechanical properties 2015030739 2015030740 Medium speed diesels 2015030554 Membrane tanks 2015030701 2015030702 Mobile platforms 2015030574 Modal analysis 2015030731 2015030735 Model tests 2015030508 2015030586 2015030636 2015030639 2015030640 2015030641 2015030645 2015030658 2015030663 2015030664 2015030698 2015030722 Monitoring 2015030728 Mooring systems 2015030584 2015030587 Motion 2015030651 2015030668 Motion compensation 2015030606 Motor yachts 2015030522 2015030530 2015030539 2015030711 Naval vessels 2015030743 2015030744 2015030745 2015030746 2015030748 Navigational safety 2015030579 Networks 2015030514 Neural networks 2015030538 Noise 2015030519 2015030722 Noise level 2015030613 Noise reduction 2015030537

K-4 KEYWORD INDEX

Noise reduction 2015030613 Numerical analysis 2015030587 2015030606 2015030635 2015030648 2015030675 2015030677 2015030681 2015030685 2015030688 2015030691 2015030704 2015030705 Numerical models 2015030624 2015030693 Ocean engineering 2015030592 Offshore drilling 2015030590 Offshore platforms 2015030583 2015030586 2015030587 2015030588 2015030589 2015030600 2015030657 2015030673 2015030674 2015030687 2015030695 2015030703 Offshore service vessels 2015030502 2015030507 2015030524 2015030536 2015030540 2015030542 2015030602 2015030606 Offshore structures 2015030661 Oil fields 2015030590 Oil films 2015030725 Oil filters 2015030558 Oil spills 2015030605 Operating costs 2015030621 Optimisation 2015030507 2015030508 2015030509 2015030511 2015030513 2015030515 2015030517 2015030534 2015030535 2015030538 2015030543 2015030546 2015030609

Optimisation 2015030626 2015030632 2015030712 2015030743 Ore carriers 2015030734 Oscillating bodies 2015030691 2015030692 Passenger vessels 2015030526 Passive systems 2015030723 Perturbation 2015030716 Photogrammetry 2015030726 Pile structures 2015030704 2015030715 Pipelaying vessels 2015030501 Pitching 2015030664 2015030674 Planing hulls 2015030639 2015030640 2015030645 2015030663 2015030710 Planing surfaces 2015030625 Planning 2015030548 2015030594 Plates 2015030720 2015030726 2015030736 Platform design 2015030533 Platform motions 2015030658 2015030673 2015030674 2015030675 2015030687 Platform response 2015030657 Pods 2015030565 2015030631 2015030635 Port planning and development 2015030581 Port safety 2015030578 2015030579 Power plant selection 2015030532 2015030557 Power requirements 2015030547 Predictions 2015030665 2015030742 Pressure 2015030625 2015030737 Pressure distribution 2015030685 Pressure reduction 2015030564 Probabilistic methods 2015030582 2015030718 Propeller efficiency 2015030627 2015030631 2015030632 2015030635 2015030647

KEYWORD INDEX K-5

Propeller hubs 2015030629 Propeller races 2015030623 2015030650 Propellers 2015030532 2015030638 2015030644 2015030684 Propulsion systems 2015030557 Propulsive efficiency 2015030629 2015030649 Propulsive performance 2015030633 2015030649 Radiation 2015030678 Rankin cycle 2015030559 Recovery 2015030623 Regasification plants 2015030512 Regression analysis 2015030662 Regulations 2015030519 2015030597 2015030603 2015030620 Research vessels 2015030537 Residual strength 2015030718 Residual stress 2015030549 Resistance 2015030639 2015030640 2015030643 2015030645 Restricted visibility 2015030594 Reynolds number 2015030683 2015030691 Risers 2015030686 2015030706 2015030707 2015030708 Risk analysis 2015030578 2015030579 2015030593 2015030598 2015030600 2015030601 Risk management 2015030600 Ro/ro ships 2015030510 Rubber 2015030573 Rudders 2015030634 2015030638 Safety 2015030596 2015030597 2015030600 2015030601 2015030602 2015030603 Sail assisted vessels 2015030712 Sails 2015030712 Salvage 2015030750 Sandwich panels 2015030738

Scale effect 2015030631 Scheduling 2015030544 Scrubbers 2015030611 Sea state 2015030582 Seakeeping 2015030517 2015030640 2015030641 2015030652 2015030662 2015030663 2015030667 2015030676 Seaworthiness 2015030671 Self propulsion 2015030633 Semisubmersible rigs 2015030668 2015030727 Semisubmersibles 2015030538 2015030586 2015030587 2015030694 2015030695 Series 60 2015030646 Shafts 2015030725 Shallow water effects 2015030653 Ship decks 2015030734 Ship design 2015030507 2015030510 2015030511 2015030514 2015030515 2015030519 2015030520 2015030521 2015030522 2015030524 2015030525 2015030526 2015030527 2015030528 2015030529 2015030530 2015030531 2015030534 2015030536 2015030537 2015030540 2015030541 2015030743 2015030744 2015030746 Ship electric power systems 2015030555 Ship motions 2015030642 2015030659 2015030671 2015030672 Ship operation 2015030515

K-6 KEYWORD INDEX

Ship operation 2015030618 2015030621 Ship performance monitoring 2015030621 2015030622 Ship speed 2015030729 Ship structures 2015030735 Ship survivability 2015030746 Ship to ship 2015030575 Ship trials 2015030622 Shipbuilding 2015030544 Shipbuilding industry 2015030550 Shipbuilding technologhy 2015030548 Shiphandling training 2015030619 Ships 2015030601 Shipyard work 2015030546 Shipyards 2015030547 2015030550 Shock 2015030748 Shock waves 2015030679 Short sea vessels 2015030608 2015030609 Sideways manoeuvres 2015030660 Simulation 2015030549 2015030580 2015030615 Simulator training 2015030619 Skegs 2015030508 2015030513 Slamming 2015030693 2015030697 2015030698 Sloshing 2015030512 2015030701 2015030702 Small amplitude 2015030624 Soil structure interaction 2015030715 Solidification 2015030604 Special vessels 2015030645 Spectrum analysis 2015030733 Spheres 2015030692 Springing 2015030677 2015030682 Stability 2015030597 2015030673 2015030653 2015030656 Stationkeeping 2015030666 Statistical analysis 2015030595 Stiffened plates 2015030696 2015030717 2015030737 Storage 2015030576 Stresses 2015030733 Strip method 2015030517 Structural monitoring 2015030574 Structural analysis 2015030727

Structural analysis 2015030743 Structural reliability 2015030528 2015030713 2015030742 Structural response 2015030714 2015030724 Structural strength 2015030732 2015030741 Submarines 2015030747 Suction dredgers 2015030651 Suppression 2015030707 Surface effect ships 2015030656 Surging 2015030655 2015030678 2015030716 SWATH ships 2015030671 2015030700 Systems engineering 2015030744 Tandem arrangement 2015030689 Tankers 2015030516 2015030605 Tensile strength 2015030736 Tension leg platforms 2015030675 2015030716 2015030740 Tests 2015030708 Theory 2015030514 Thermal analysis 2015030738 Thermal degradation 2015030551 Thrusters 2015030637 Time domain 2015030651 2015030670 Torsional vibration 2015030725 Towing 2015030602 2015030603 2015030610 Towing gear 2015030571 Tracking 2015030583 Tracks 2015030594 Trailing vortices 2015030647 Transferring 2015030575 Transportation 2015030576 Trim 2015030643 Trimarans 2015030528 2015030664 Tugs 2015030502 2015030506 2015030523 2015030541 2015030560 2015030602 2015030603 2015030610 2015030618 2015030619 2015030676

KEYWORD INDEX K-7

Turbines 2015030623 Turbochargers 2015030553 Turbulent boundary layer 2015030628 Turbulent flow 2015030683 Ultimate strength 2015030516 2015030717 2015030718 2015030720 2015030726 2015030736 Uncertainty 2015030641 Underwater 2015030613 2015030722 Vessel descriptions 2015030501 2015030502 2015030503 2015030504 2015030505 2015030506 Vessel traffic 2015030595 Vibration 2015030716 2015030728 2015030730 Vibration damping 2015030735 Viscous flow 2015030509 VLCCs 2015030504 2015030718 Vortex induced vibration 2015030690 2015030706 2015030707 2015030708 Vortex shedding 2015030687 2015030700 Vortices 2015030687 Voyage data 2015030618 Wakes 2015030628 2015030638 2015030689 Wall effects 2015030653 2015030679 Water entry 2015030685 2015030697 2015030700 Water treatment 2015030620 Wave diffraction 2015030670 2015030680 Wave energy conversion 2015030591 Wave exit 2015030681 Wave forces on structures 2015030704 Wave height 2015030582 Wave loads 2015030657 2015030679 2015030694 2015030699 Wave loads on ships 2015030698

Wave measurement 2015030585 Wave profiles 2015030585 Wave propagation 2015030585 Wave radiation 2015030670 Wave resistance 2015030626 Wave runup 2015030695 Wedges 2015030685 2015030693 Welding 2015030549 2015030737 Whipping 2015030677 2015030682 Wigley models 2015030642 Wind conditions 2015030582 Wind tunnel tests 2015030711 Wind turbines 2015030606 2015030658 Wing in ground effect craft 2015030656 2015030709 Wings 2015030712 Wreck removal 2015030749

K-8 KEYWORD INDEX

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