Improving Land and Water Management: Creating a Sustainable Food Future, Installment 4
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Transcript of Improving Land and Water Management: Creating a Sustainable Food Future, Installment 4
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October 2013
Craig Hanson, Steward, World Resources Report Photo Source: Chris Reij
IMPROVING LAND AND WATER MANAGEMENTInstallment 4 of “Creating a Sustainable Food Future”
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Source: Henao and Baanante, 2006.
Several regions in Africa have relatively high rates ofnutrient depletion on agricultural landsAnnual nutrient depletion, kg NPK/ha/year
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Source: Hengl and Reuter, 2009.
Soils in Africa are relatively low in organic carbonTopsoil organic carbon, percent mass fraction
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Sub-Saharan Africa uses much less fertilizer per hectare than any other regionKilograms per hectare
Source: IFDC, 2013.
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Cereal yields in Sub-Saharan Africa are much lower than other regionsMetric tons per hectare
Source: Derived from FAO data; graph by IFDC.
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From 1961–2001, food production increases in Sub-Saharan Africa were achieved mainly by expanding the area of cropland
Source: Henao and Baanante, 2006.
Note: Baseline data in 1961 is given the value of 100; subsequent data for yield and area are in units of percent change relative to 1961.
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Source: Shitumbanuma, 2012.
Maize yields in Zambia are higher under Faidherbia treesKilograms per hectare
Note: Average maize grain yields from trial sites under and outside canopies of mature Faidherbia albida trees across regions in Zambia.
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Conservation agriculture is widely used in many continents, but not in Africa
Source: Shitumbanuma, 2012.
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Conservation agriculture with intercropping of Faidherbia albida trees (agroforestry) in Malawi
Source: Bunderson, 2012.
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Conservation agriculture increased maize yields in Malawi in 2011, and combining it with agroforestry (intercropping of Faidherbia trees) increased yields even further Metric tons per hectare
Source: Bunderson, 2012.
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A combination of water harvesting practices increases grain yields more than one practice (Burkina Faso)Kilograms per hectare
Source: Sawadogo, 2008.
Note: These two groups of villages are located on the northern central plateau of Burkina Faso. “BAU” = business as usual
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Source: Mazvimavi et al., 2008.
Water harvesting combined with conservation agriculture increases gross margins for farmers in ZimbabweGross margins, US$ per hectare
Note: Data from nine districts in Zimbabwe, across rainfall zones.
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Source: Sawadogo, 2012.
Micro-dosing further increases sorghum yields beyond other land and water management practices (Burkina Faso, 2009–11)Kilograms per hectare
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Source: IFDC, 2011.
ISFM contributed to yield increases of three major crops for farmers in West Africa, 2006–10Kilograms per hectare
Note: No 2006 data was available for maize.
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Source: IFDC, 2011.
Revenues increased significantly for farmers adopting ISFM in West Africa, 2006–10US$ per hectare
Note: No 2006 data was available or groundnuts. Data converted from CFA francs using a conversion rate of 1 CFA franc = .0021 US Dollar.
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Source: IFDC, 2012.
Farmers in Central Africa benefited greatly from increased crop yields and revenues following the adoption of ISFM practicesAnnual benefits
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Integrated landscape approaches take account of the importance of ecosystem services in managing agricultural landscapes
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Success in scaling up improved land and water management requires attention to gender
• Women are responsible for 80 percent of agricultural work
• Labor inputs of women exceed those of men by 10-12 hours a week
• 95 percent of external resources (seeds, tools) are channeled to men
• Women often do not have the same rights and management authority as men
• Add photo to illustrate importance of gender
Source: De Sarker, 2011. Photo: Chris Reij.
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Source: WRI, 2013.
Agroforestry and water harvesting could be scaled up on more than 300 million hectares in Sub-Saharan Africa
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Increase communication and outreach
Photo Source: Chris Reij.
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Support institutional and policy reforms
Photo Source: Reseau MARP Burkina.
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Support capacity building
Photo Source: Chris Reij.
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Mainstream investing in improved land and water management
Photo Source: Attari Boukar.