Imperialism and America

Section 18-1pp. 548-551

Preview Questions

What were the major factors that contributed to the growth of American imperialism?

How did the United States acquire Alaska and Hawaii?

American Expansionism

Imperialism: Policy in which stronger nations extend their economic, political, or military control over weaker territories

Why Imperialism?

Desire for military strength

Thirst for new markets

Cultural superiority

American Expansionism

Military Strength

Establish a global military presence

Alfred T. Mahan: Urged creation of modern navy

American Expansionism

New Markets

Industrialization created need for new markets and raw materials

Cultural Superiority

Social Darwinism

Racial Superiority

Duty to spread Christianity

US Acquires Alaska

“Seward’s Folly”

Bought Alaska for $7.2m from Russia in 1867

US Takes Hawaii

Annexation

US businesses want annexation to avoid sugar tariffs

Businessmen overthrow Hawaiian Queen Sanford Dole heads temporary gov’t

Republic of Hawaii annexed in 1898

The Spanish-American WarSection 18-2pp. 552-557

Preview Questions

How did Americans feel about the Cuban revolt against Spain?

What events escalated the conflict between the US and Spain?

What were the consequences of the war for Spain and the US?

Cubans Rebel Against Spain

Americans invest heavily in Cuban sugarcane

Cuban War for Independence

Led by Jose Marti

US sugar mills attacked to provoke involvement

American opinion split

War Fever

Spain sent General Valeriano Weyler to Cuba

Sent 300,000 Cubans to concentration camps

Headline Wars

Yellow Journalism: Reporting that exaggerates news to make it exciting

Deepens American sympathy for the war cause

War Fever

DeLome Letter

McKinley tries diplomacy to avoid war

Letter from Spanish diplomat insults McKinley

Americans outraged

War Fever

•U.S.S. Maine Explodes

•Cause unknown, newspapers blame Spain

•Americans call for war

War Erupts

War in Philippines

George Dewey led U.S. attack on Spanish fleet at Manila

Filipinos support Dewey in hopes of independence

Spanish troops surrender in August 1898

War in the Caribbean

U.S. navy blockaded Cuba

U.S. relied heavily on ill-equipped volunteer soldiers

War Erupts

•Rough Riders

•Volunteer regiment led by T. Roosevelt

•Clear path for victory at San Juan Hill

•US Navy destroyed Spanish fleet

•US invaded Puerto Rico July 25, 1898

War Erupts

Treaty of Paris

Granted Cuba independence

Puerto Rico and Guam given to U.S.

U.S. paid Spain $20m for Philippines

War Erupts

Debate Over the Treaty

Controversy over U.S. right to annex Philippines “Christianize” Filipinos?

Violated Declaration of Independence?

U.S. approved annexation in 1899

Acquiring New LandsSection 18-3pp. 558-564

Post-War Events

US took control of Puerto Rico in 1898

Foraker Act: Ended military rule, set up civil government

US occupied Cuba after war

Platt Amendment: Limited Cuba’s rights in dealing with other nations

Gave U.S. right to intervene

Post-War Events

Philippines

Emilio Aguinaldo leads protest against US

Rebellion 1899-1902 that led to self-rule

Foreign Influence in China

Open Door Policy

Calls for China’s ports to remain open and independent

No nation gets special privileges

Boxer Rebellion

Rebellion against Western presence in China

Troops sent to supress rebellion

Impact of Imperialism

McKinley’s election in 1900 showed US supported imperialism

Anti-Imperialist League

Cleveland, Carnegie, Twain, and Addams

Wrong for U.S. to rule others without consent

America as a World PowerSection 18-4pp. 565-571

Preview Questions

How did Theodore Roosevelt exercise American power?

Why did President Wilson send troops into Mexico?

TR and the World

TR negotiated Treaty of Portsmouth

Ended Russo-Japanese War

TR won Nobel Peace Prize

US prestige increased

TR and the World

U.S. sent warships to secure Panama’s independence

U.S. gained rights to build canal

Damaged relationship with Latin America

Panama Canal is completed in 1914

Decreased travel time between Atlantic and Pacific

U.S. increased power and prestige

TR and the World

Roosevelt Corollary to Monroe Doctrine

Said U.S. would be willing to use military power to protect its economic interests in Latin America

Leads to “Dollar Diplomacy” U.S. will use military force to guarantee loans

made to foreign nations

Leads to U.S. military intervention in Nicaragua

Wilson’s Missionary Diplomacy

Wilson refused to recognize any oppressive, undemocratic, or hostile government

Conflict with Mexico

Wilson refuses to recognize Huerta’s government

Uses minor incident to occupy Veracruz

Recognized Carranza government

Wilson’s Missionary Diplomacy

Rebellion in Mexico

Pancho Villa Wanted war between

Carranza and US

Killed 16 Americans in raid

U.S. General Pershing invaded Mexico and crushed Villa’s forces in 1916