Immune System Basics. Immune Response It is when the immune system attacks organisms and substances...
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Transcript of Immune System Basics. Immune Response It is when the immune system attacks organisms and substances...
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Immune System Basics
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Immune Response
It is when the immune system attacks organisms and substances that invade our
body.
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Leukocytes (White Blood Cells)
Two Basic types of leukocytes:
Phagocytes – Consume foreign invaders◦Neutrophil – Kills bacteria
Lymphocytes – Allow the body to remember and recognize previous invaders and help the body to destroy them.
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Leukocytes
Leukocytes are produced in the bone marrow
Stored:◦Thymus◦Spleen◦Lymph Nodes
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2 types of Lymphocytes
B Lymphocytes – create antibodies to protect against invasion in the future.
T Lymphocytes – Come in behind B-Cells and kills the foreign invaders. Known as “killer cells”.
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Pathogen
A pathogen is a foreign substance that invades the body.
Two examples:◦Bacteria – Live on their own and are in soil,
animals, and in the human body.
◦Virus – Smaller than bacteria, can only live inside the host cell.
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The Lymphatic System
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We come in contact with about 60,000 types of germs a day. ◦One to two percent of them are potentially
dangerous to people with normal immunity◦A cold virus can live up to SIX hours outside the
human bodyColds usually get into your body through
your NOSE or EYES – seldom through your mouth
You can’t catch the same cold virus twice, but there are hundreds of strains of viruses
Average adult has 2-3 colds a year / Average child 6-12 colds a year
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Money/loss spent on colds a year in the US:
1. $75-100 million on physician visits2. $7.7 billion on physician costs3. $2.9 billion on over-the-counter drugs4. $400 million on prescription drugs5. 189 million school days lost a year to colds6. 126 million work days missed by parents
caring for their children7. 150 million employees missed days a year8. Total cold-related work loss exceeds $20
billion a year
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Make a List of the most Germ Riddled Items You come in Contact with Daily?
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1. Kitchen faucet – biofilm on the screen2. Garbage disposal – 1000 x’s more
bacteria then a toilet3. Welcome mat4. Vacuum cleaner5. Dish towel (7% are contaminated with
MRSA)6. Car dashboard7. Soap dispenser8. Restaurant ketchup bottle9. Refrigerator seal (83% have molds)10. Cell phones
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Top 10 germ-riddled spots in a restaurant1. Seats2. Menus3. Lemon wedges (50% tested positive
for fecal matter)4. Salt & pepper shakers5. Tables (especially edges)6. Rims of glasses7. Bathroom door knobs8. Bathroom faucets9. Ketchup bottles10. Salad bar thongs
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Money is full of germs–paper money the most. The metals in coins often kill the bacteria, especially the nickel.
Most effective mechanism to avoid picking up a cold or other bacteria is washing hands – cuts your risk to almost “Nil”–wash your hands before you eat, drink or touch your face.
Sanitize items-Don’t share things-Stay home if you are sick-Keep tissues handy-Avoid infested areas
Build immune system–good sleep, naps, nutrition Vit C&D and exercise
Hands off – especially your nose and eyes -immunization
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Pick Your Team
A. TrojansB. SkippersC. HornetsD. Eagles
Trojans
Skippers
Hornets
Eagles
25% 25%25%25%
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T – Lymphocytes are responsible
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0% 0%0%0%
1. For producing antibodies
2. For producing phagocytes
3. For killing foreign invaders
4. For providing vaccines
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Leukocytes are produced in the
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0% 0% 0%0%0%
1. Spleen2. Bone marrow3. Thymus4. Lymph Nodes5. Digestive System
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What is B – Lymphocytes not responsible for
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1. Creating Antibodies2. Continue to
circulate in your body for years
3. Killing foreign invaders
4. Send messages to T-Cells
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Tiny hair like structures that stop pathogens
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1. Mucus Membrane2. Skin3. Fungi4. Digestive System5. Cilia
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Which is not a storage area for Leukocytes?
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1. Bone marrow2. Spleen3. Thymus4. Lymph Nodes
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Infectious Diseases are caused by
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1. Phagocytes2. Cilia3. Pathogens4. Vaccines5. Neutrophils
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White Blood cells that carry out most of the immune system’s functions are called?
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1. Neutrophils2. Lymphocytes3. Phagocytes4. Antibodies5. Leukocytes
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Team Scores
Points Team Points Team
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The first exposure to the pathogen generated…
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1. More antibodies than the 2nd exposure
2. Fewer antibodies than the 2nd exposure
3. No antibodies4. The same number of
antibodies than the 2nd exposure
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The 2nd exposure occurred how many days after the first?
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1. 14 days2. 21 days3. 28 days4. 30 days
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The amount of time for the antibody concentration to reach its peak after the 1st exposure
was
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0% 0%0%0%
1. 4 days 2. 6 days3. 8 days4. 12 days
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The amount of time for the antibody concentration to reach its peak after the 2nd exposure
was
1 2 3 4
0% 0%0%0%
1. 4 days2. 8 days3. 12 days4. 14 days
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Team Scores
Points Team Points Team
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Participant Leaders
Points Participant Points Participant