Immune System

• Glossary of the immune system

• vaccine• viruses and

Bacteria’s• immune system

interact

Glossary• Helper t cells• b cells • killer t cells • suppresser• Lymphnodes• Thymus• Antibodies• Antigens• memory t cell

Macrophages

• A type of white blood cell that seeks out and consumes foreign substances,capable of pressing antigens on its surface to other cells of the immune system

Helper t cells

• A type of white blood cell that initiates an immune response when presented with an antigen

B cells

• One of the many components of the body’s immune system, a key player in the production of antibodies

Killer t cells

• A type of white blood cells that seeks out and destroys cells that have already been invaded by a virus or some other substance

Suppressor t cells

• A subset of t cells that turn off antibody production and other immune responses

Lymphnodes

• Small bean-shaped organs of the immune system, distributed widely throughout the body and are linked lymphatic

Thymus gland

• Where t cells learn their job

Antibodies

• A soluble protein molecule produced and secreted by the b cell in response to an antigen which is capable of binding to that specific antigens

Antigens

• Any substance that when introduce into the body is recognized by the immune system.

Memory t cells

• Remembers the virus

The Immune System in ActionMacrophages

• 1. The first cell to defend is the macrophage. The macrophage tears apart a virus and brings it to a helper T cell. If the fragments of the torn virus are recognized by the T cell, they become united.

Macrophage=Blue cells

Helper T Cells

• Once the macrophage and the helper T cell are untied, the Helper T cells let off a chemical.

• This chemical stimulates the production of other helper T cell and Killer T cells.

Killer T and B Cells

• Killer T cells are called in to eliminate other cells. Some of the cells have become infected with the virus, these cells must get rid off them.

• The new helper T cells send for B cells. The B cells then produce millions of antibodies.

Antibodies

• Antibodies are tiny organisms that B cells produce. The antibodies act like little flags for the other cells. They latch onto a virus and the macrophages attack wherever the antibodies tell them to.

Result

• After a few days of this, assuming that the virus does not overpower , the fighting will be over, and the person will no longer be sick.

More Results

• After a battle like this, the number of antibodies, B cells, helper and killer T cells, and macrophages are greatly reduced.

Memory Cells

• Even though most of the other cells have been destroyed, memory T and B cells are left over. It is their job to make sure the next time that this virus enters the body they remember how to defeat it.

Viruses

•Polio•The Flu •Dengue Fever

Polio• Most recorded case of Polio was in

1952- 57,600 people caught Polio.• You can catch Polio from personal

contact, waste, or saliva.

The Flu• Always putting on new disguises.• Can come from pigs and birds.• Depending on your genes, the Flu

is strong enough to kill someone .

Dengue Fever

• Travels on mosquitoes.• Strong enough to kill someone.• Began in 1780. • Once you get a high temperature

your blood vessels start to pop. • Primary carrier of Dengue Fever is

the Ades Aegyptic.

Bacteria• Tuberculosis• Leptospira• Streptococcus Pyogenes

Tuberculosis • TB has killed more than any other

virus.• Not visible to the human eye.• Underneath a microscope it looks

like a sprinkle. • 2 to 3 million people die each year

from TB. • Someone is infected every second.

Leptospira• Causes serious diseases in

livestock• 268 cases of Leptospira have been

recorded in France for the year 2000.

• Right now approximately 266 people have Leptospira

• Caught from contact of mucous from the throat or nose, also from touching sores or wounds on the skin.

• About 9,400 people caught Strep throat in 1999.

• People who use steroids are more likely to get Strep throat.

Streptococcus pyogenes

Sources• Http://www.discovery.com/exp/

epidemic/inside.html • http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dbmd/

diseaseinfo/groupastreptococcal_g.htm

• What are vaccines?• Vaccines are any

preparation used as a preventative inoculation.

• A vaccine is the weakened form of the disease or virus. This helps the body make antibodies.

• How are vaccines made?

• Scientists grow the influenza (flu) vaccine in chicken eggs. The egg incubates the virus and then scientists kill the virus and gives it to the patients in a weakened form.

• How do vaccines work?

• The vaccine is a small weakened or dead dose of the certain virus or disease. The body identifies it and the body makes anti-bodies so it knows how to beat the real virus.

• Vaccines help us everyday. Without vaccines millions of people would die from simple diseases. Vaccines are the reinforcements for our body.