Immune Respones

7/29/2019 Immune Respones

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Antigens

Epitopes

Haptens

What are the basic functions of B lymphocytes

what are the basic funcitions of T lymphocytes

NK cells

How to B cells capture antigenshow do macrophages capture antigens

how do dendritic cells capture antigens and where do they d

what are the products of the common lymphoid progenitor

what are the products of the common myeloid progenitor

what are the products of the common erythroid megakaryoc

what are the normal blood cell counts of white blood cells

What do antibodies bind to

what does TCR bind to

What do MHC class 1 or 2 molecules bind to

What are the primary organs of the immune system

What are the secondary organs of the immune system

What are four characteristics of the innate immune system

Water for characteristics of the adaptive immune system

What are the mechanical barriers of the respiratory tract

What are the chemical barriers of the gastrointestinal tract

What are the microbiological barriers of the skin gastrointest

How do normal microbiological flora assist in preventing infe

What is a characteristic of the clonal selection of B lymphocy

What is the order of macromolecules in terms of them being

What is the route of immunization

What is the end result of the C pathwayWhat are the three pathways and complement activation

Does the alternative pathway require antibodies to activate

Why does the alternative pathway not require anybody's to

What happens to C3b if it does not land on a microbial cell s

Describe the steps involved to get C3 to Bb/C3b

What happens when the Bb/C3b is activated

What does the C3b/Bb complex activate and what does that

What is C9 polymerized into

What's the entire point of the alternative see pathway

What is the membrane attack complex regulated by

What stabilizes the Bb/C3b complex

What else is complement to the bacteria

What does C3a and C5a do

What is the most numerous white blood cell

What can a function to neutrophils have

What is left shift

Where neutrophils stored

How to neutrophils and lymphocytes enter tissue?

What molecules are involved in the rolling action of neutrop


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What molecules are involved in tight binding of neutrophils

What molecules are involved in migration and diapedesis

What are toll receptors

What is a respiratory burst

What happens to the neutrophil after respiratory burst

What are the five cytokines we have to know

What are the systemic effects of IL sixWere the local effects of TNF alpha

What are the systemic effects of TNF alpha

What are the local effects of IL-1b

What are the systemic effects of IL-1b

What are the local effects of CXCL-8

What are the local effects of IL-12

What are the key functions of IL-1/IL-6/TNF-alpha in the liver

What are the key functions of IL-1/IL-6/TNF-alpha and bone

What are the key functions of IL-1/IL-6/TNF-alpha in the hyp

What are the key functions of IL-1/IL-6/TNF-alpha and fat an

What are the biologic actions of TNF and a local infection

What are the biologic actions of TNF in a systemic infection

What is a classic sign of acute infection

What is important acute phase protein we need to remembe

What is another important clinical marker of inflammation

What else could C-reactive protein activate

What are the classical clinical signs that are the result of an i

What you type I interferons do

What are the three ways in which type I interferons inhibit vi

Do natural killer cells undergo TCR or IG rearrangement

What is what is the difference between natural killer cells anOur natural killer cells able to kill tumor cells

What are the highly variable recognition molecules of adapti

What do be cells and antibodies recognize

What do helper T cells enabled B cells to do

What do cytokine receptors do

What a chemo kind receptors do

Would to complement receptors do

What you pattern recognition molecules do


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things the immune system specifically reacts with

what antibodies and T cells physically bind to.

compounds that are only immunogenic when attached to a larger molecule called a carrier

secrete antibodies (as plasma cells), present antigen

kill infected cells, secrete cytokines, activate phagocytes, T and B cells

kill tumor and virally infected cells

cell surface antibody moleculesphagocytosis

endocytosis and to the lymph nodes

B T and NK cells

neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, dendritic cells, mast cells, macrophages

platelets and erythrocytes

4500-11000 per microliter

large and small molecules

oligiopepties and MHC molecules

oligiopeptides

Bone marrow and thymus

Spleen and lymph nodes

Nonspecific, no memory, fast, constant

Highly specific, has memory, slow, improves

Flow of fluid and mucus by cilia, airflow

Acidity, enzymes proteases

The normal flora associated with these systems

They occupy niches that pathogens may otherwise exploit

It is polyclonal

Protein, carbohydrate, lipid

Subcutaneous, intramuscular, intraperitoneal, IV oral

Destruction of pathogensThe alternative, lectin, and classical pathway

Nope

C3 spontaneously Cleaves in a process called tick over

It is rapidly degraded

C3 is cleaved to C3b, this binds factor B which activates Factor D. Factor B binds to C3b on microbial cell sur

it recruits more C3b

C5 and it begins the terminal steps of the alternative C pathway

A pore in the bacterial cell structure

To form a C9 membrane spanning channel which disrupts the cell integrity

CD 59 it binds to C5b and prevent the recruitment of C9 to form the pore

Factor P (properdin)

It makes the bacteria more tasty to phagocytes in a process called opsonization

They are potent anaphylotoxins. They cause increased permeability in the blood vessels in order for plasma

Neutrophils

Phagocytic only

An increase in the number of immature neutrophils

Bone marrow

Rolling, tight binding, diapedesis, migration

Selectins which are found on the endothelium, and addressins which are found on leukocytes


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ICAMS and integrins which are found on both leukocytes and endothelial cells

Chemokines

Pattern recognition molecules that since different microbial products

Engulf bacteria that has been phagocytosed by neutrophil has lysosomes merge with the phagosome

It dies and is phagocytosed by a macrophage

I L 6, TNF alpha, I L 1 beta, CXCL 8, I L 12

Fever, induces acute phase protein productions by hepatocytesActivates vascular endothelium and increases vascular permeability which leads to increased entry of compl

Fever, mobilization of metabolites, shock

Activates vascular endothelium, activates lymphocytes, local tissue destruction increases access of effector

Fever, production of IL-6

Chemotactic factor recruits neutrophils and basophils to site of infection

Activates natural killer cells

Acute phase proteins which are C reactive protein, mannose binding lectinwhich leads to the activation of

Neutrophil mobilization which leads the phagocytosis

Increase body temperature which leads to decreased viral and bacterial replication

Protein and energy mobilization to generate increased body temperature which leads to decreased viral an

Macrophages release TNF, increased release of plasma proteins phagocytes lymphocytes into the tissue, ph

Macrophages activated in the liver and spleen secrete TNF in the bloodstream, systemic edema which caus

Acute phase proteins which are part of the innate immune response

C reactive protein or CRP , and MBL

Increased erythrocyte sedimentation rate also known as sed rate

The classical C pathway

Heat redness pain and swelling

Inhibit viral replication and activate host defense responses, they activate degradation of viral RNA

Induce resistance to viral replication in all cells, increased expression of ligand for receptors on natural killer

Nope

Natural killer cells are able to kill virus-infected cells without prior exposureYes

Immunoglobulins and T cell receptors

Native protein antigens

produce antibodies

Bind cytokines, deliver activation, growth, and differentiation signals; some are inhibitory

Bind chemokines, trigger movement toward the site, or keep the cell at the site

Activate phagocytosis or clear immune complexes


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aces. Factor D cleaves Factor B/C3b to Bb/C3b

proteins and cells to be able to leak out


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lement and cells to tissues and increased fluid drainage to lymph nodes

cells

complement opsonization

bacterial replication

agocytosis of bacteria, local vessel occlusion, containment of infection. Antigens drain or are carried to l

s decreased blood volume. This causes collapse of blood vessels. Disseminated intravascular coagulatio

cells, activate natural killer cells to kill virus-infected cells


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ocal lymph nodes

n leads to wasting and multiple organ failure followed by septic shock and death

Immune Respones

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