IE Application - Sustainable development in Madrid

Sustainable Development in Madrid

Beatriz Fernández de Córdoba

Beatriz Fernández de Córdoba

“Do you think that the lifestyle of the inhabitants of

your town reflects behaviour that is in line with the

concept of sustainable development? In your

opinion what should be improved?”

InternaEonal InsEtute for Sustainable Development (IISD).

Environment

Society

Economy

SUSTAINABILITY: THE CHALLENGE

“Sustainable development is

the development that meets

the needs of the present

without compromising the

ability of future generaEons

to meet their own needs”.

Madrid Barajas Airport is commiLed to a sustainable

development policy which has achieved a 80% increase in the recovery of hazardous waste in

2012

100% recycling of waters

2012 industry expenditure on environmental protecEon was €2,348million

M-‐30 underground has achieved the

reducEon of 35.000 tons of CO2

Industry environmental expenditure has

decreased following the 2008 recession

The use of wind power in Spain has

significantly increased in past years as a percentage of total

energy use 91.7% of households in Madrid recycle

hLp://www.aena.es/csee/ccurl/844/557/Madrid-‐GEST%20AMBIENTAL%202012_ingles_V4_OK.pdf InsEtuto Nacional de EstadísEca Report on Sustainable Development 2008. hLp://www.connectedurbandevelopment.org/ciEes/madrid hLp://elpais.com/elpais/2014/09/10/inenglish/1410347495_437248.html

ENVIRONMENT -‐ FACTS

hLp://www.dw.de/madrid-‐air-‐polluEon-‐reaches-‐alarming-‐levels/a-‐16739363

PROBLEM: Air PolluAon •  Levels exceed European-‐

mandated amount of gasses and

parEcles.

•  75% of air polluEon comes from

motor vehicles.

SOLUTION: Transport

IniAaAves

THE ENVIRONMENT

Metro de Madrid •  PromoEon of the use of

underground by improving accessibility.

•  ReducEon of road congesEon. •  Rail transport has low C02

emissions per passenger transported.

•  Reform of faciliEes underway to reduce pollutant atmospheric emissions.

•  More than 3 million people travel daily on the metro (almost 100% of the city populaEon).

HOV Lanes •  More passengers/vehicle. •  Increased infrastructure

capacity. •  Reduced congesEon – less

vehicles on the road. •  Reduced CO2 emissions per

person. •  Reducing travel Eme through

the faster HOV lanes. •  Fuel efficient economy. •  The HOV lane carries 59.3% of

morning peak hour travellers vs. 40.7% who travel on the main roadway.

BiciMAD

•  Network of electric bikes which make transportaEon faster and safer, aLracEng users.

•  Provides and encourages an environmentally “clean” method of transport.

•  Outdoor experience. •  Available 24 hours/day at a

small cost. •  Usage contributes to the

reducEon of CO2 emissions. •  Exercise – further contribuEng

to society’s health.

hLp://www.metromadrid.es/es/conocenos/responsabilidad_corporaEva/Contribucion_Metro_a_la_Sostenibilidad/ hLp://www.dac.dk/en/dac-‐ciEes/sustainable-‐ciEes/all-‐cases/transport/madrid-‐changing-‐behaviour-‐towards-‐sustainable -‐transportaEon/ hLp://www.bicimad.com

TRANSPORT INITIATIVES

hLp://elpais.com/elpais/2014/09/10/inenglish/1410347495_437248.html

THE ENVIRONMENT

PROBLEM: Low Recycling

Levels •  Less than 30% or Madrid’s

garbage is being recycled.

•  Main reason: failure to separate

organic and non-‐organic waste.

SOLUTION:

PromoAon of

Recycling

Households •  FacilitaEng recycling on a

household level by installing several recycling barrels per neighbourhood.

•  €250 fine for household failure to recycle or incorrect recycling in Madrid.

•  91.7% of households in 2014 separated waste into organic, packaging and paper.

•  Household recycling also contributes to reducEons in air polluEon.

AdverAsing •  Raising awareness about the

benefits of recycling. •  Madrid’s City Hall’s slogan “do

not hesitate to separate”.

•  Community of Madrid’s program “Ecoescuelas” aimed at promoEng educaEon on ecologic recycling.

•  Large Spanish private companies, such as “Leche Pascual”, also encourage recycling in their markeEng strategies.

RECYCLING INITIATIVES

hLp://www.lavanguardia.com/local/madrid/20140115/54398152084/madrid-‐multas-‐250-‐euros-‐no-‐reciclar-‐correctamente-‐basura.html hLp://elpais.com/elpais/2014/09/10/inenglish/1410347495_437248.html hLp://www.madrid.es/portales/munimadrid/es/Inicio/Ayuntamiento/Medio-‐Ambiente/Educacion-‐ambiental/Campaña-‐de-‐separacion-‐de-‐residuos-‐ hLp://www.madrid.org/cs/Satellite?pagename=ComunidadMadrid/Home

What can be improved?

THE ENVIRONMENT

Most of the failure to separate organic and non-‐organic comes from improper treatment of waste once collected. Landfills are at maximum capacity and are producing huge amounts of methane which contributes to the greenhouse gas effect. It is therefore imperaEve to create more space for landfills and oversee the treatment of waste for its correct and clean processing.

Although Madrid has an efficient metro system, which itself contributes to the sustainability of the city, it sEll manages to be flooded with people at peak hours. This is because they choose the metro over opEons such as busses or carpools on congested roads. Consequently, if bus transport were encouraged more, or if the metro system capacity were to be expanded, congesEon might be reduced.

ECONOMY -‐ FACTS

Tourism plays an important role in the capital’s

economy. In fact, the World Tourism OrganisaEon’s

headquarters are located in Madrid

The unemployment rate in Madrid is around 20%

and youth unemployment is sEll approximately at a staggering 50%

hLp://www.tradingeconomics.com/spain/unemployment-‐rate hLp://www.madrid.org/iestadis/ hLp://www.datosmacro.com/deuda/espana-‐comunidades-‐autonomas/madrid hLp://www.muycomputerpro.com/2015/02/09/madrid-‐id hLp://www.elconfidencial.com/empresas/2015-‐01-‐30/el-‐gobierno-‐da-‐hoy-‐luz-‐verde-‐a-‐la-‐operacion-‐chamarEn-‐que-‐creara-‐120-‐000-‐empleos_652176/

Debt as a percentage of Madrid’s GDP reached its peak in June 2014 as has been decreasing since

€6 million are being invested in the largest-‐scale urban development

project in Europe, “OperaEon Chamarvn” in

Madrid.

The rate of people entering the workforce in 2008 in Madrid was

0.8%

The amount of investment in Research and

Development in Madrid has increased in 2015 to over €3 million, which will

bring long-‐term sustainable benefits to the

city

PROBLEM: Unemployment •  The unemployment rate in Madrid

is around 20%. While one of the

lowest in Spain, it is well above

the European average (11.4%).

•  Youth unemployment is sEll

approximately at a staggering

50%, giving rise to a “lost

generaEon”.

SOLUTION: Tackling

Unemployment at its

Root

THE ECONOMY

hLp://www.tradingeconomics.com/spain/unemployment-‐rate

SHORT-‐TERM CHANGE •  Average real wages decreased

for the first Eme since the 2008 crisis in 2012 given lower budgets. A higher employability effect was desired, however the delay in response to higher unemployment has miEgated the effect of the change.

•  Rise in the expenditure on unemployment benefits given rising unemployment following the crisis in order to be able to provide the jobless with a certain level of income to live.

UNEMPLOYMENT POLICY UNIVERSITY REFORMS

•  Spain has suffered from 40%+ youth unemployment three Emes in the past 30 years: it is a structural issue.

•  There is a severe mismatch between supplied skills and demand at the post-‐university level.

•  Policies including standardised tests aimed at reducing Europe’s highest secondary and higher educaEon drop-‐out rate.

•  Reforms including the internaEonalisaEon of educaEon aimed at increasing graduates’ presEge.

INDUCING EMPLOYABILITY •  Severance payments were

reduced from 45 to 33 days’ salary/year of service in order to give employers flexibility.

•  Tax breaks for employers who convert fixed-‐term contracts into permanent arrangements.

•  Employers given the freedom to reduce salaries without employee consent in redundancy situaEons.

•  However, the effects of these policies have not been enErely successful as unemployment remains at alarmingly high levels.

hLp://www.intereconomics.eu/archive/year/2013/4/865/ hLp://www.squiresanders.com/files/Event/bddeba0e-‐a202-‐49c4-‐9c58-‐d557e905893d/PresentaEon/ hLp://www.csmonitor.com/World/Europe/2013/0517/Spain-‐s-‐controversial-‐educaEonal-‐reform-‐Will-‐the-‐Green-‐Tide-‐wash-‐it-‐away hLp://www.obhe.ac.uk/newsleLers/borderless_report_june_2012/higher_educaEon_reforms_italy_spain

THE ECONOMY

PROBLEM: Lack of

Investment •  The 2008 financial crisis has

crippled domesEc and

internaEonal propensity to invest

in Spain and Madrid, in turn.

•  Low investment means low

development of the city.

SOLUTION:

Investment Schemes

hLp://www.tradingeconomics.com/spain/unemployment-‐rate

INVESTMENT SCHEMES InternaAonal Investment

•  The program “Invest in Madrid”, carried out by the Chamber of Commerce, is aimed at aLracEng and facilitaEng internaEonal investment in the capital.

•  The campaign managed to encompass over 35 projects in its initial 6 months.

•  BeLer economic condiEons have led foreign investors to renew their investment in Madrid.

DomesAc Investment •  Renewed levels of investment. •  ParEcularly, the project

“Chamarvn OperaEon” has been categorised as the largest urban development scheme in Europe.

•  It will renovate the Chamarvn area, currently occupied by overground train faciliEes, into an urban area, creaEng parks and modern infrastructure.

•  The “operaEon” will create over 120,000 long-‐term jobs.

hLp://www.invesEnmadrid.com hLp://www.elconfidencial.com/empresas/2015-‐01-‐30/el-‐gobierno-‐da-‐hoy-‐luz-‐verde-‐a-‐la-‐operacion-‐chamarEn-‐que-‐creara-‐120-‐000-‐empleos_652176/#


THE ECONOMY

Even though a variety of measures against unemployment have been carried out, the amount of jobless people has not significantly diminished. Since the naturally high level of employment in Madrid, and in Spain as a whole, is a structural issue, more long-‐term changes need to be made. In parEcular it is fundamental that labour flexibility is further introduced, for example by reducing severance payments further. By looking at labour market

models, such as the American, it is clear that more dynamic labour law leads to greater employment levels, and, ironically, greater sustainability on an economic level. Another criEcal change to be made is the complete reform of the Spanish educaEon system. A wider variety of subjects to study at university need to be introduced in order to reduce supply-‐demand mismatch. Policies to reduce dropouts from studies are also necessary.

SOCIETAL SUSTAINABILITY

Thousands of people in Madrid are forced to live and

sleep on the streets

Life expectancy for the ciEzens of Madrid is one of the highest in the world: 85 years for women and

79 for men

Primary and secondary educaEon up to the age

of 16 in Madrid is compulsory and free

3% of “Madrileños” cannot afford to eat meat, chicken or fish

every two days

26.8% of households in Madrid suffered from vandalism in 2013

Fundación FOESSA: VIII report on exclusion and social development in Spain. hLp://www.madrid.org/cs/Satellite?pagename=ComunidadMadrid/Home hLp://www.solidarios.org.es/que-‐hacemos/personas-‐sin-‐hogar/

PROBLEM: Social Exclusion •  0.7% of the Spanish populaEon is

homeless or lives in sub-‐standard

housing.

•  For a growing number of people, the

food in garbage bins helps make

ends meet.

•  Unequal employment and

educaEonal opportuniEes divided by

neighbourhoods.

SOLUTION: IniAaAves

pro-‐EducaAon, and

Against Homelessness

and Hunger


hLp://www.share-‐internaEonal.org/archives/homelessness/hl-‐cfSpain.htm hLp://www.nyEmes.com/2012/09/25/world/europe/hunger-‐on-‐the-‐rise-‐in-‐spain.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0

EDUCATION

•  Making educaEon more accessible for opportunity equality.

•  Community of Madrid iniEaEves: by taking a basic course in “Formación Profesional”, ciEzens of all backgrounds can be re-‐educated for employment purposes.

•  Primary and secondary educaEon is mandatory and free in municipal schools across the capital.

HOMELESSNESS •  The Community of Madrid

provides shelter homes for the homeless.

•  The Community of Madrid also provides shelter for those in a situaEon of household “urgency” including abuse.

•  Volunteering schemes such as the ONG “Solidarios” offer the homeless company and someone with who they can interact.

SOUP/FOOD KITCHENS •  Abundant free food services

are available in Madrid, both provided my the council of Madrid and by non-‐for profit organisaEons.

•  Some organisaEons, such as Caritas, now aLend 2.5 million people on an annual basis.

•  OrganisaEons such as the Order of Malta serve 500 meals daily in the capital alone.

•  Numerous voluntary work takes place in these kitchens.

hLp://www.madrid.org/cs/Satellite hLp://www.solidarios.org.es/que-‐hacemos/personas-‐sin-‐hogar/ hLp://sociedad.elpais.com/sociedad/2014/09/29/actualidad/1411989045_795090.html hLp://www.orderofmalta.int/latest-‐intervenEons/21323/the-‐order-‐of-‐malta-‐soup-‐kitchens-‐in-‐madrid-‐serve-‐500-‐meals-‐daily/?lang=en

SOCIAL INCLUSION



I believe that in respect to the policies in place, Madrid works hard to sustain social inclusion and enable equity between its peoples. Apart from the aforemenEoned iniEaEves, public healthcare is provided to all via Social Security. However, a deeper change needs to occur for the sustainability and PEACE of Madrid’s society. More openness must be achieved for there to be greater tolerance. With regards to innovaEon and change, having an open mind will enable our society to embrace new opportuniEes.

Sources InternaEonal InsEtute for Sustainable Development (IISD). hLp://www.aena.es/csee/ccurl/844/557/Madrid-‐GEST%20AMBIENTAL%202012_ingles_V4_OK.pdf InsEtuto Nacional de EstadísEca Report on Sustainable Development 2008. hLp://www.connectedurbandevelopment.org/ciEes/madrid hLp://elpais.com/elpais/2014/09/10/inenglish/1410347495_437248.html hLp://www.dw.de/madrid-‐air-‐polluEon-‐reaches-‐alarming-‐levels/a-‐16739363 hLp://www.metromadrid.es/es/conocenos/responsabilidad_corporaEva/Contribucion_Metro_a_la_Sostenibilidad/ hLp://www.dac.dk/en/dac-‐ciEes/sustainable-‐ciEes/all-‐cases/transport/madrid-‐changing-‐behaviour-‐towards-‐sustainable -‐transportaEon/ hLp://www.bicimad.com hLp://www.lavanguardia.com/local/madrid/20140115/54398152084/madrid-‐multas-‐250-‐euros-‐no-‐reciclar-‐correctamente-‐basura.html hLp://www.madrid.org/cs/Satellite?pagename=ComunidadMadrid/Home hLp://www.madrid.es/portales/munimadrid/es/Inicio/Ayuntamiento/Medio-‐Ambiente/Educacion-‐ambiental/Campaña-‐de-‐separacion-‐de-‐residuos hLp://www.tradingeconomics.com/spain/unemployment-‐rate hLp://www.datosmacro.com/deuda/espana-‐comunidades-‐autonomas/madrid hLp://www.muycomputerpro.com/2015/02/09/madrid-‐id hLp://www.elconfidencial.com/empresas/2015-‐01-‐30/el-‐gobierno-‐da-‐hoy-‐luz-‐verde-‐a-‐la-‐operacion-‐chamarEn-‐que-‐creara-‐120-‐000-‐empleos_652176/ hLp://www.intereconomics.eu/archive/year/2013/4/865/ hLp://www.squiresanders.com/files/Event/bddeba0e-‐a202-‐49c4-‐9c58-‐d557e905893d/PresentaEon/ hLp://www.csmonitor.com/World/Europe/2013/0517/Spain-‐s-‐controversial-‐educaEonal-‐reform-‐Will-‐the-‐Green-‐Tide-‐wash-‐it-‐away hLp://www.obhe.ac.uk/newsleLers/borderless_report_june_2012/higher_educaEon_reforms_italy_spain hLp://www.invesEnmadrid.com Fundación FOESSA: VIII report on exclusion and social development in Spain. hLp://www.solidarios.org.es/que-‐hacemos/personas-‐sin-‐hogar/ hLp://www.share-‐internaEonal.org/archives/homelessness/hl-‐cfSpain.htm hLp://www.nyEmes.com/2012/09/25/world/europe/hunger-‐on-‐the-‐rise-‐in-‐spain.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0 hLp://sociedad.elpais.com/sociedad/2014/09/29/actualidad/1411989045_795090.html hLp://www.orderofmalta.int/latest-‐intervenEons/21323/the-‐order-‐of-‐malta-‐soup-‐kitchens-‐in-‐madrid-‐serve-‐500-‐meals-‐daily/?lang=en

IE Application - Sustainable development in Madrid

Environment

Transcript of IE Application - Sustainable development in Madrid