Identify the Allied powers and the Identify the Allied powers and the Central Powers during the war.Central Powers during the war.

How did American involvement help How did American involvement help the Allies win World War I?the Allies win World War I?

Armistice

Signing of thearmistice

Nov 11, 1918

Following the war:

5 million Allied and 8 million Central Power soldiers were dead

Nearly 6.5 million civilians were dead Left to the peace makers to determine whether the

results would justify the costs

Effects of the War

President Wilson

To President Wilson the war was aboutpeace and freedom

In a speech to Congress (Jan. 1918)•Outlined America’s war aims•Became known as the Fourteen Points•Idea of “peace without victory”•Inspired by noble ideas not greed and vengeance

Wilson’s Ideas for Peace

Open diplomacy Freedom of the seas, free trade End colonialism National self-determination Creation of a League of Nations

However, Wilson’s plan did not inspire the other leaders-WHY NOT?

Fourteen Points

Peace Conference

Versailles, France

Georges Clemenceau

Vittorio OrlandoWoodrow Wilson

David Lloyd George

What do you think their aims were at the peace

conference?

Which nations were not represented at the meeting, but were involved in WWI?

With whom do you side?

Peace Conference

Attitudes of the European leaders:

Blamed Germany for starting the war Suffered more than did the United States Insisted that Germany pay reparations Prevent Germany from ever threatening Europe again Protect the existing colonial status Return the Alsace-Lorraine other German colonies to

the British

Peace Talks

League of Nations

Wilson refused to compromiseon the creation of the League

Delegates voted to make The League part of the treaty

National self-determination was violated

Populations of Germans were now in non-German nations

Break up of the Ottoman Empire created new states where ethnic groups were clustered together randomly

Problems with the Peace

What was the condition of Europe

following World War I?

What impact will this have on governments in Europe?

Focusing Questions

U.S. Foreign policy during 1920s was largely

shaped by reaction to WWI How did America react to the creation of League

of Nations? Why? No previous war had been so deadly All nations agreed that a world war must never

happen again

American policy = anti-war

U.S. Foreign Policy Post-WWI

USA helps to establish policies to prevent future war

Washington Naval Disarmament (1921)- limit construction of warships to avoid arms race and naval rivalries

Kellogg-Briand Pact (1928)- Pact signed by 62 nations to “agree to not make war with each other” What were the problems with these policies that America

helped to endorse to prevent war?

Avoid War

War is a money maker for some America insisted that France and Britain pay back WWI

war debts For this to happen, Germany had to pay reparations

Dawes Plan (1924): American banks would loan money to Germany to pay reparations, which would allow France & Britain to pay America

“Show me the $”

By 1929, with the stock market crash,

American $ was no longer loaned to Germany France & Britain stopped payment to America In the end, America was seen as heartless for

making nations pay back war debts (no cost for human life)

War Debts

What type of foreign policy do you think the United

States implement during the Great Depression? Do you think we wanted to focus on other nations or ourselves? Explain.

U.S. Foreign Policy