Ict In Disaster Risk Reduction India Case

Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of IndiaMinistry of Home Affairs, Government of India

Information and Communication Information and Communication TechnologyTechnology

in in Disaster Risk Management Disaster Risk Management

Sujit MohantyManager- Disaster information Systems

GoI- UNDP ProgrammeDate:30 April 2005

What is Disaster Management?What is Disaster Management?

Preparedness -- activities prior to a disaster.Examples: preparedness plans; emergency exercises/training; warning systems.

Response -- activities during a disaster.Examples: public warning systems; emergency operations; search and rescue.

Recovery -- activities following a disaster.Examples: temporary housing; claims processing and grants; long-term medical care and counseling.

Mitigation - activities that reduce the effects of disasters.Examples: building codes and zoning; vulnerability analyses; public education.

India and Natural DisastersIndia and Natural Disasters

India is one of the most disaster prone countries in the India is one of the most disaster prone countries in the worldworld..

Over 65% land area vulnerable to earthquake;

70% of land under cultivation prone to drought;

5% of land (40 million hectares) to floods;

8% of land (8,000 km coastline) to cyclones.

A Major Disaster occurs every 2-3 years;

50 million people affected annually

1 million houses damaged annually along with human,social and other losses

During 1985-2003, the annual average damage due to natural disasters has been estimated at 70 million USD

Source: Ministry of Agriculture, GOI: BMTPC, Ministry of Urban Development, GOISource: Ministry of Agriculture, GOI: BMTPC, Ministry of Urban Development, GOI

Disaster Management in India Disaster Management in India

Paradigm shift from relief and recovery to Risk & Vulnerability managementIntroducing culture of preparedness at all levelsStrengthen decentralized response capacity in the country Empowerment of vulnerable groups and ensuring livelihoodsLearning from past disasters.

Role of Information & Communication Role of Information & Communication Technology in Disaster ManagementTechnology in Disaster Management

To catalyze the process of preparedness, response and mitigation.Providing access to vital information on Disaster preparedness to citizens. GIS based decision support system for planning.Designing early warning system.Emergency communication for timely relief & response measures.Building Knowledge Warehouses to facilitate planning and policy making.

Information Management Cycle

Analyzing Data and Producing Information

Gathering data

Identifying Needs

Disseminating Information

Institutional Memory

Emergency Information Management

•Defined as the collection, consolidation, analysis and dissemination of the information — requires that the emergency manager be fully cognizant of the needs of the eventual users of the information.

•Effective emergency information management requires concerted planning, organizing, controlling, and influencing of human, material, and information resources to endure that information is disseminated to the right decision-makers at the right time to satisfy those needs.

Role of Disaster information system in various phases of Role of Disaster information system in various phases of Disaster ManagementDisaster Management

– A database of past disasters effects to determine the risks in particular geographic location.

– Zoning of hazards using GIS.

– Validating the disaster history database with hazard maps and other external data for accuracy in risk assessment.

– Database of existing skilled human & material resources for emergency response.

– Database on human resources trained on various aspects of disaster management.

– Develop preparedness plans based on risk, available skill & resources.

– Converting Disaster Management plans into electronic documents for easy accessibility and easy updating.

– Mitigation strategies, policies and legislation based on statistical facts & figures from various databases.

– Development of a virtual knowledge net for creation of a network of institutions, developmental organizations and Government dept. for information sharing and preserving the research efforts.

• Risk & vulnerability identification

• Risk & vulnerability identification

• Preparedness for response & recovery

• Preparedness for response & recovery

• Mitigation strategies and policies• Mitigation strategies and policies

Information systems frameworkInformation systems frameworkfor Disaster Managementfor Disaster Management

Reducing disaster losses & conserving developmental gainsReducing disaster losses & conserving developmental gains

Planning & Policy decision for disaster preparedness &

mitigation

Hazard mapping &

Vulnerability Assessment

Database of disaster history

for trend & pattern analysis

Database of disaster

management plan.

Awareness & training

materials

Inventory of legal,

techno legal, administrative

and institutional framework

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44

Quick emergency response & recovery

Human & material response

resources database

Database of Infrastructure,

lifelines & critical facilities.

Database of trained human

resources.

Demographic information

GIS based information

system

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33

22

11

elem

ents

Knowledge base for disaster managementKnowledge base for disaster management

Facilitating

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55

Case StudiesCase Studies

• India Disaster Resource Network

• Disaster Inventory

• GIS in Disaster Management

• Emergency Communication plan

• Use of ICT at community level

• Proposed incident surveillance system

Online inventory of resources for Online inventory of resources for disaster response preparednessdisaster response preparedness

The biggest problem for disaster The biggest problem for disaster managers to respond to disasters is managers to respond to disasters is

quickly mobilizing equipments, human quickly mobilizing equipments, human resources and critical supplies to the resources and critical supplies to the

emergency spot.emergency spot.

•When disasters strike:When disasters strike:

• Disaster managers needs lot of specialized equipments and skilled human

resources for quick response.


• Delay in response may result in increased loss of lives and livelihoods.


• There is a lack of knowledge of whereabouts of these resources either in

the neighboring District or State.

Online resource inventory for disaster managementOnline resource inventory for disaster management

• National initiative under the Govt. of India-UNDP DRM programme in collaboration with National Informatics Center, Government of India.

• Online database for capturing the countrywide inventory of equipments and skilled human resources for emergency response.

• A database to minimize emergency response time by effective decision making on mobilization of human & material resources.

• Systematic data collection & collation from Govt. line departments ,Public Sector Units, Corporate sector etc at the district level.

CII- more than 5000 members

BAI- more than 33000 members

Corporate Sector

•The Progress…The Progress…• Decentralized resource inventory being managed by the districts.

• 80000 records from 565 districts of 35 States/UTs already been captured.

• Districts are updating their inventory quarterly.

• Partnership with Builders’ Association of India (BAI) for Corporate Sector resource inventory.

• The IDRN web portal has been extended to accommodate BAI members (33000 approx.)

Live Demonstration

http://localhost:8080/idrn

http://localhost:8080/idrn

Disaster Inventory Database- Objectives

• A database of disasters to understand trends and patterns.

• Capturing ‘Local’ level disaster data to understand the emerging risks at the local level.

• Geo-referenced inventory of small, medium and large-scale disasters to understand trends and patterns.

• To support planning & policy decisions for disaster preparedness and mitigation with statistical evidences.

• Providing an objective base for vulnerability assessment and priority setting.

•Tools & Methodologies for Disaster InventoriesDesInventar: A methodological tool to systematically build inventory of disasters.

DesInventar:

• A relational database through which parameters like events, causes, data sources, and effects are captured

DesConsultar:

• A decision making tool which uses the DesInventar database to query and analyze the database through maps, tables and thematic maps.

India ProcessIndia Process

• Implemented in Orissa, India.• Data collected from 30 districts for 32 years.• Data collected from media is compared with

Government records.• Institutionalization with Government for

sustainability.• Interpretation and analysis of the data shows

new dimensions of risk & vulnerabilities of the State.

Preliminary Findings-IndiaPreliminary Findings-India

• Epidemics and cyclones are the greatest causes of deaths

• Epidemics are highly associated with floods, but also occur as independent incidents.

• Fire is the greatest cause of household destruction, comparable to Cyclone.

• Floods affect people more than any other type of disaster.

Impact on LifeImpact on Life

Number of people killed in disasters in Orisa

Epidemics

(19,963)

Cyclone

(20,449)

Impact on PropertyImpact on Property

Number of Houses Destroyed in Disasters- Orissa

Fire

(436,212)

Cyclone (376,285)

Floods (135,485)

Impact on LivelihoodImpact on LivelihoodNumber of people affected

Flood (31’395,654)

Cyclone(11’633,140)

Drought(3’408,999)

Rains (3’776,359)

Spatial Distribution of Disasters- Orissa

Geography Information System in in Disaster ManagementDisaster Management

• GIS allows disaster managers to quickly access and visually display critical information by location.

• This information can be easily shared with disaster response personnel for the coordination and implementation of emergency efforts

GIS usage in Disaster Management

• Pre disasters– Preparedness– Risk Analysis

• Hazard zonation• Vulnerability mapping

– Response planning• Spatial/ non-spatial database

– Administrative boundaries(state, district, block/ taluka)– River network– Road network– Railway network– Airports

– Prediction– Forecast Models (disaster wise)– Vigilance system (observation & warning)

• Post Disasters– Relief– Disaster identification– Immediate response– Recovery– Rehabilitation– Impact study

Map Not to Scale – For demonstration purpose only

Community Contingency Plans Community Contingency Plans linkages on GIS based systemlinkages on GIS based system

Map Showing Natural Disaster Risk Management Programme States of India

Clicking inside a state through Hyperlink tool will link to respective states details .

Map of Orissa showing the NDRM Districts.

Statistical Information of Puri District

Source : District Disaster management Plan,Puri

Every district is linked with respective block Maps.

Administrative Boundary of Puri District

Layers Taken for analysis :

1. Health Centres

2. Multipurpose Cyclone shelters

3. Storage Facilities

4. Buffer zones

5. Location of Boats

6. River systems

7. Roads

• Information can be retrieved upto village level.

• Block to Village can be zoomed in to view the geographical location of resources.

• Details about item/resource can be seen and query based resources finding is possible

• Flexibility of moving macro to micro level in a same window.

Linkage has been established to

1. District Disaster management Plan (DDMP)

2. Block Disaster Management Plan (BDMP)

3. Gram Panchayat Disaster Management Plan (GPDMP)

4. Village-CCP

Description about the Analysis

Location of Health Centres [Block Level]

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Next Slide: Map extent zoomed further to a scale of 1: 1,50,000 and greater to obtain location of health centres in the GP Level

Location of Health Centres [GP Level]

Zoomed in to a scale of

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Next Slide: Map extent zoomed further to a scale of 1: 40,000 or greater to obtain location of health centres in the Village Level

Location of Health Centres [Village Level]

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Location of Multipurpose Cyclone Shelters [Block Level]

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One can view the location of existing resources in the block by clicking the layers ONON.

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Location of Multipurpose Cyclone Shelters [ GP Level]

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Location of Multipurpose Cyclone Shelters [Village Level]

Particular resource can be viewed from District to Village level by changing the scale in the same window. In case to obtain more than one resource select the desired layers as shown in the next slides.

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Location of Storage Facilities, Boats and River system [Block Level]

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Location of Storage Facilities, Boats and River system [GP Level]

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Location of Storage Facilities, Boats and River system [Village Level]

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Puri district - Coastal area Buffer Zone

Buffer zones at a distance of 10,15,20,25 and 30Kms from Sea coast to locate the vulnerable villages under each zone. Resources can also be identified under each zone.

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Location of resources in the respective Coastal area Buffer Zone [Block Level]

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Location of resources in the respective Coastal area Buffer Zone [GP Level]

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Location of resources in the respective Coastal area Buffer Zone [Village Level]

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Database of resources can be obtained at all levels

Database of boat

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Database of cyclone shelters at various levels

Linkage of Disaster

Management Plans

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Linkage of District Disaster Management Plan

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Linkage of District Disaster Management Plan

Web-page showing the DDMP of Puri District.

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Linkage of Block Disaster Management Plan

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Linkage of Block Disaster Management Plan

Web-page showing the BDMP of Puri District.

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Linkage of GP Disaster Management Plan

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Linkage of GP Disaster Management Plan

Web-page showing the GPDMP of Puri District.

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Linkage of Community Contingency Plan

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The CCP document of a village can be linked to the geographical location in this way.

Phase-I to be implemented in 6 months

To establish communication between NEOC, MEOC, Concerned State EOC and NQRTs to be

deployed at Disaster/Emergency sites

Communication equipment at each EOC and NQRT :

-VSAT terminal (Auto- tracking antenna for MEOC)

-Video phone

-Video Camera

-GMPCS handheld phone

-VHF handsets

-PA System

DISASTER SITE

STATE HQ

Phase-II State Level: To be implemented in next 9 months

To establish communication links between NEOC and all SEOCs through VSAT / ISDN Connectivity

State Level Communication links:

Basic links :

NEOC <=> SEOC thro’ VSAT (POLNET)

Back-up links:

First back-up

NEOC <=> SEOC thro’ VSAT (NICNET)

Second back-up

NEOC <=> SEOC thro’ ISDN

POLNET HUB

NEOC NIC HUB

Phase-II District level : To be completed in the next 15 months

To link all DEOC & Medical teams/hospitals to the network with various

back-up links thro’ ISDN, VSAT (POLNET/NICNET)

NEOC POLNET HUB

SEOC

HARYANA STATE

DISTRICT EOC

ISDN LINE

POLNET CONNECTIVITY UPTO DEOCs

MW LINK

District level Communication links:

Basic links :

DEOC <=> SEOC & NEOC thro’ ISDN

Medical Teams <=> Hospitals thro’ VSAT (POLNET)

Back-up links:

First back-up

DEOC<=> SEOC & NEOC thro’ VSAT (POLNET)

Second back-up

DEOC<=> SEOC & NEOC–VSAT (NICNET)

NATIONAL EMERGENCY COMMUNICATION PLAN

POLNET HUB

-

NATIONAL EOC

MOBILE EOC

PHASE – I

NICNET HUB OPTIONAL BACK-UP FOR DEOC CONNECTIVITY

PUBLIC ISDN

NETWORK

DEOC-N

Reserved VSATs

PHASE – II

THRO’ POLNET

SEOC-N

DEOC-1

DEOC-2

THRO’ POLNET

NQRT-1 VSAT

GMPCS PHONE

GMPCS PHONE

Parent Hospital

Mobile Medical Team

THRO’ POLNET

GMPCS PHONES

VSAT IDU

IP PHONE CONVERTER

TO POLNET HUB VIA INSAT SATELLITE

VIDEO CONFERENCE PHONE

VIDEO CAMERA

VHF HANDSETS

1.2 METER PORTABLE VSAT ANTENNA

PORTABLE GEN.SET, BATTERY ETC.

NQRT COMMUNICATIONS SET

PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEM

Network Resources

• THE Network is proposed, to provide near 100% reliable communication links for Voice, Data, FTP, Video-conference and Video information dispatch between NEOC, MEOC, SEOC, DEOC & NQRT (EOC operating from Disaster/Emergency site)

• The planned national network will use– Satellite communication links– ISDN public network

• Bandwidth and hub utilised will be – POLNET– NICNET

• SPACENET of ISRO/DOS is also being expanded to provide VSAT terminals at identified locations

Network Reliability• Reliability will be ensured by redundancy throughout the

network to achieve near 100% availability– Basic links i. VSAT based CUG between NEOC and SEOCsii. ISDN dial-up between DEOCs and SEOC/NEOC (optional

connectivity via State wide area networks wherever available)

– 1st back-up• NEOC <-> SEOC links : NICNET VSAT links • DEOC <-> SEOC/NEOC: POLNET VSAT links

– 2nd back-up: Shared VSAT links • NEOC <-> SEOC links : ISDN dial-up • DEOC <-> SEOC/NEOC: NICNET VSAT links

– Optional back-up: Portable VSAT (will be installed at the time of disaster)

– Additional connectivity:• SPACENET ,the VSAT network of ISRO• GMPCS phones for anywhere voice and low-speed data

connectivity • HAM radio links between disaster sites and various EOCs

Case Studies : Community LevelCase Studies : Community Level

73 information centers in 12 districts of OrissaEarly warning dissemination, information on disaster preparedness, agriculture, governance, health etc.Self sustaining models in partnership with Panchayats, NGOs, community.Facilitated by local volunteers and NYKS volunteers.

Orissa ExperienceOrissa Experience

SETU Information Management SystemSETU Information Management System- Gujarat- Gujarat

A nodal point for facilitation of the rehabilitation process underway in Kutch for a defined geographical cluster of 15-20 villages. A network of 22 such centers across 10 talukas.Act as a coordination cell for relief and rehab in a cluster Village community uploading information and feedback about on going projects and activities, base line resource information etc.Accessing info. On schemes, entitlements, technical know how in various areas.

Case Studies: Community LevelCase Studies: Community Level

Preliminary Data Collection Format

Incident Server

Research and analysis

3rd Party Analysis

Tool

Maps Graphs

Research and analysis of time series disaster data through 3rd party analysis tools for trends, patterns of disasters and risk

identification using graphs, maps etc.

Archived

>Situation Reports>Alerts>Damage Assessment>Need Assessment>Immediate Relief Requirements>Intervention Gap Analysis>Long term recovery and rehabilitation planning>Disaster Trends and patterns report>Risk identification

Reports and Utility of the System

Knowledge NetworkKnowledge Network

• Creating and connecting community of practitioners (CoP) in Disaster Management through a knowledge based portal.

• A network of organizations, research institutions, Government agencies and DM practitioners.

• Facilitating direct interaction, information sharing, virtual conferencing (e-mail/ video conferencing etc)

Together towards a safer world…Together towards a safer world…

Ict In Disaster Risk Reduction India Case

Technology

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