ICT Access & e-Government - United...

ICT Access & e-Government

Information and Communications Technology and Disaster Risk Reduction Division (IDD)

ESCAP-Funded by KECF-

UNPOG / ESCAP Conference, 17-18 June 2010. Seoul

Table of Contents

Ø Objectives and expected outcomes of the roundtable

Ø ESCAP overview

Ø Regional overview on ICT for Development

Ø ICT to address Health- and Poverty-related MDGs

Ø Overview of KECF project


Objectives and expected outcomes of the roundtable

Identify the capacity building needs of policy makers and implementers in the area of ICT and governance;Identify the information, product and service needs of member states and gaps exists to promote inclusive and sustainable socio-economic development;Provide guidance on various legislative/policy issues and options; Provide a platform to find out solutions to the existing problems and constraints;


Objectives and expected outcomes of the roundtable (cont.)

Raise awareness on recent developments in the use of ICT; Establish a network among participants (networking tool); Partnership buildingProvide guidance to ESCAP for its future activities;

Finally, to generate invaluable comments, inputs, views to further develop our programme of work and improve our service to our clients


United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific

ESCAP overview


ESCAP Regional development arm of the United Nations

Serves as the main economic and social development centre for the United Nations in Asia-Pacific

Provides the strategic link between global and country-level programmes and issues

Supports Governments of countries in the region in consolidating regional positions to approach regional and global challenges

HQ located in Bangkok, Thailand


ESCAP Conference Structure

Eight committees (July 2008)- from three committees

Committees under the Information and Communications Technology and Disaster Risk Reduction (IDD);

Information and Communications Technology (CICT)

Disaster Risk Reduction (CDRR)


Committee on ICTIssues to be addressed:

Integration of ICT-related issues in development policies, plans and programmes

Transfer of ICT applications at the regional and subregional levels

Development of human and institutional capacity in the use of ICT

ICT applications for disaster risk reduction


IDD: Subprogramme Objectives…

Increase sharing of knowledge among ESCAP member States on policy options, strategies and best practices for ICT connectivity and for integrating multi-hazard disaster risk reduction into national development plan and programmes; Strengthen regional cooperative mechanisms in support of ICT connectivity and disaster risk management; Improve capabilities of member States in the field of multi-hazard assessment, preparedness, early warning and response to disaster risks; Improve institutional capacity of ESCAP member States to apply ICT for socio-economic development.


ESCAP ICT StrategyEconomic Connectivity:Economic Connectivity: ICT applications for trade and transport development and facilitation

Social Connectivity:Social Connectivity: Promotion ICT and its tools to achieve IADG

Pacific Connectivity:Pacific Connectivity: connect the unconnected and islands

ICT for DRR:ICT for DRR: effective integration of ICT applications with other information technologies for effective disaster managementRegional cooperationRegional cooperation for socio-economic development oriented ICT applicationsInnovation in ICT applicationsInnovation in ICT applications and facilitiesICT capacity buildingICT capacity building through the Asian and Pacific Training Centre for ICT for Development (APCICT)


Regional Overview: ICT for Inclusive and

Sustainable Socio-economic Development


Mobile Technology

Mobile networks are expanding rapidly among LDCs, especially LLDCs, with over 100% growth between 2003-2008

SIDS generally show slower growth than the rest

Mobile communication is the predominant means for communication among LDCs


Figure: Penetration of mobile phones in selected countries in the Asia-Pacific region

Penetration of mobile phones (selected countries)-2008


Internet

• The lowest Internet subscriber number found in South and South-West Asia with 8.6 per 100 populations with the highest average CAGR of 27.8%

• The highest number, 44.2, is found in the Pacific (including Australia and New Zealand), with negative growth between (-0.4%)

• ESCAP average in 2008 is 17.4

• LDC average is 0.6


Broadband Internet per 100 populations

Country/Name 2003 2008 CAGR(%)

Republic of Korea 23.701 32.1 6.3

Japan 11.722 23.7 15.1

Singapore 10.041 21.7 16.7

Malaysia 0.447 4.8 60.9

Kazakhstan 0.007 3.6 252.7

Cambodia 0.003 0.1 80.9

Viet Nam 0.011 1.5 165.7

Azerbaijan 0.005 0.7 169.7

India 0.013 0.4 103.5

Iran (Islamic Rep.) 0.001 0.4 232.2


Broadband subscription: overview

The most obvious digital divide appears in the number of broadband usage

Negative correlation between decline in fixed telephone lines and growth in broadband subscription

Some countries are catching up rapidly

ESCAP average is 3.9 per 100 populations

South and South-West Asia: rapid growth (99.1%) but still low number (0.67)


A AfghanistanA BangladeshA BhutanA IndiaA Iran(Islamic Rep)

A MaldivesA NepalA PakistanA Sri Lanka

country

0.000 2.000 4.000 6.000 8.000

ICTAccess

0.000

0.250

0.500

0.750

1.000

eGovt

AA

AAA

AA

A

EGovt vs ICT Access, 2008 Index

South-Asia


A Brunei DarussalamA CambodiaA IndonesiaA Lao PDR

A MalaysiaA MyanmarA PhilippinesA Singapore

A ThailandA Timor-LetseA Viet Nam

country

0.000 2.000 4.000 6.000 8.000

ICTAccess

0.000

0.250

0.500

0.750

1.000

eGo

vt

A

A

A

A

A

A

A

A

A

A

A

EGovt vs ICT Access, 2008 Index

South-East Asia


Where should we go from here

MDGs and WSIS goals: ICT access would be fundamental in achieving them

Capitalizing on exponential mobile growth -> more poor and vulnerable people getting communications means for the first time

Development of information and communications infrastructure, the foundation of ICT applications, relies on private and public financing

Private sector accounts for heavy capital input for

infrastructure and network development.

Broadband and mobile communications are driving economic growth in developing countries


ICT to address Health- and Poverty-related MDGs

(Millennium Development Goals)


E-Government for the MDGs

E-government is a powerful tool for achieving the MDGsIncreasing efficiency and effectiveness of public administration

Expanding reach and speed of public services delivery

Using technology to reach the underserved (examples: mobile financial services and mobile health )

“To do more with less resources”


The Millennium Development Goals (MDG) – Selected Indicators


•By 2010, the Asia-Pacific region will have close to 53 million international migrants – one quarter of the world’s migrants.

Migration, Remittances and an Inclusive financial System

International remmittances as % of GDP, 2008

50

38

28 2622

11 11

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

Tajikis

tan Tonga

Kyrgyz

Repu

blic Samoa

Nepal

Bangla

desh

Philipp

ines

•Remittances are often spent on household expenses and basic subsistence needs (food, clothing, health and payment of debts)


Part of the solution: Mobile financial services

More than 1 billion people in emerging markets do not have a bank account but do have a mobile phone.

It is estimated that the use of mobile phone to transfer remittances may exceed 1/2 a billion people by 2014.

Examples of companies providing mobile financial services in developing countries:

M-Paisa in Fiji; Easypaisa in Pakistan; EKO/SBI, ICICI, and Nokia - Obopay in India; WING Money in Cambodia, Grameen - Obopay in Bangladesh, Smart Communication and Globe Telecom in the Philippines, etc.


Part of the solution: Mobile Health

M-Health: Using mobile communications - such as Personal Digital Assistants (PDAs) and mobile phones - for health services and information. Potentials:Healthcare workers to provide real-time diagnoses and accurate health information in rural as well as marginalized areas where no health services existRemote diagnosis, monitoring and evaluationImproving quality, efficiency and cost-effectiveness of careTracking of diseases and monitoring of populations at riskCoordinating response to disease events and natural disasters.


Capacity-building


Tele-consulting and emergency assistance


Public Awareness


Data Collection and Early Warning


Where should we go from here?Establish effective and efficient ICT regulationIncreasing awareness to develop and adopt mobile applications, for example: mobile financial services, and m-health.Ensure development of the required infrastructureProvide a framework for the provision of electronic services and development of applications, i.e. mobile remittances, mobile banking, and mobile health.Define guidelines and standards for mobile applications including: interoperability, quality of service, customer protection, confidentiality, logical and physical security of transactions and infrastructure.Develop skills among government officials, business sector and end users.


Overview

of the KECF projectStrengthening ICT policies & applications to

achieve MDG & WSIS goals in Asia & the Pacific


Introduction of KECF project

KECF : Korea-ESCAP Co-operation Fund

$ 12.4 million, 184 projects (1987~2010)

KECF project on ICT (May 2009~May 2011)

Strengthening ICT policies & applications to achieve MDG & WSIS goals in Asia & the Pacific

Goal

- Expand ICT access in the under-serviced areas of the LDC, LLDC and SIDS for development-oriented ICT applications


Overview of KECF project

1. sub-Regional Workshops (Oct. 2009)

� Analysis revealed

emerging trends- phenomenal growth of mobile - substitution effect (fixed vs. mobile)

characteristics & different pattern of growth in ICT access

� Cooperation policy & decision makers of LDC,

LLDC & SIDS (49 participants)

share experience & practices

� South & Central Asia, South-East Asia & the Pacific

� Analysis on Current Status of ICT access Technological, policy & regulatory

options to expand ICT access

� Studies to link findings & discussion outcomes to

- information dissemination & applications- policy recommendations & options



2. ICT access & e- Gov’t for Achieving the MDGs (round table, June 2010)

Results of the previous sub-regional workshops

: Telecommunications Regulation Report in the Asia Pacific Region

(David Butcher)� Aims to identify possible regulatory reforms among member countries

� Studies regulation structure (monopoly ~ competitive) & issues how to bridge the digital divide

� Asian Experience changes in ICT trends in-depth Analysis on 6 countries & other examples




� Summary of conclusions (1/3)

Ü Competitive Regulation effective to reduce price, improve services & expand coverage functional separation of policy, regulation, biz management and ownership defined legal mandate for the regulator & transparency

F treatment of all networks equally (non-discriminatory regulation), technology-neutral license (horizontal regulation) can - increase participation of new service providers- enable convergence of wide services onto same infrastructure





Ü Behavioral vs. Structural Regulation behavioral regulation (ex. Price control, standards & quality of

service approval) is technology specific

F structural regulation is technology neutral so that it facilitates commercial & technological innovation

F competition is more effective than price setting approachto reduce price & increase access to network





Ü Bridging the Digital Divide Malaysia, South Korea, Australia have promoted governmentled initiatives to speed the digital divide but, for most countries in the region this is not possible

F Hoppe’s law : “Any network facing competition will expand”- intensive competition from wireless alternatives- need to encourage infrastructure & facilities sharing

F non-discrimination (ex. Geographically), fair & clear process achieve good outcomes



3. Concluding meeting (Nov. 2010)

2. Round 2. Round Table Table

1. Regional 1. Regional WorkshopWorkshop

� In conjunction with 2nd session ofCICT (committee on ICT)

� In this committee present the findings of studies &in-depth gap discuss on policy options for implementation at the national level &regional cooperation introduce platform for network among policy & decision makers

3. Concluding3. Concludingmeeting meeting


Introduction of KECF project

Thank you kindly…

More information available from;

http://www.unescap.org/idd/

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