DISASTER RISK REDUCTION AND WATER,...

GLOBAL WASH CLUSTER CAPACITY BUILDING FOR HUMANITARIAN RESPONSE

A GUIDELINE FOR FIELD PRACTITIONERS PLANNING AND IMPLEMENTING WASH INTERVENTIONS

DISASTER RISK REDUCTION AND

WATER, SANITATION AND HYGIENE…

COMPREHENSIVE GUIDANCE

3DRR AND WASH

Published by the Global WASH Cluster.Global WASH Cluster, UNICEF New York, 3 UN Plaza, New York, NY 10017, USA

Erik Rottier,

Erik Rottier

Michiel van der Drift

Eric Fewster

Anne te Molder

Jean McCluskey Anthony SpaltonDinesh Shrestha

Dominique Porteaud Jock Baker

Paul Shanahan Rod Jackson Daudi Bikaba

Chris AndersonBob Hansford Luke Dokter

Per Andersson

David Weatherill Edward Turvill Ben Harvey

Frank Greaves Michel BecksIsabelle Stercq

Elmos B. Glay ( Action Contre la Faim

CARE

.

GLOBAL WASHCLUSTER

GLOBAL WASHCLUSTER

PSO

2 DRR AND WASH

4 DRR AND WASH 5DRR AND WASH

TABLE OF CONTENTS1.

ACRONYMSCCCCADRADRREPPHPKAP

NGO

PRAUSDVDCWASHWSP

GLOBAL WASHCLUSTER

GLOBAL WASHCLUSTER

6 DRR AND WASH 6 DRR AND WASH

1.1 SCOPE OF THE GUIDELINE

7DRR AND WASH

1

7DRR AND WASH

1

1 Insect infestation, animal stampede and meteorite impact will not be covered in the guideline

1

1 INTRODUCTION

8 DRR AND WASH

1

9DRR AND WASH

2 DISASTERS AND DISASTER RISK REDUCTION: CONCEPTS AND CONTEXT

2 The UNISDR (United Nations International Strategy for Disaster Reduction) definition of a disaster is ‘A serious disruption of the functioning of a community or a society involving widespread human, material, economic or environmental losses and impacts, which exceeds the ability of the affected community or society to cope using its own resources’.

3 http://www.emdat.be/natural-disasters-trends

2.1 DISASTERS AND DISASTER TRENDS

3

1.2 TARGET AUDIENCE

1.3 STRUCTURE OF THE DOCUMENT

10 DRR AND WASH

2

2.2 DISASTER RISK

1 hazard

2 6

4 http://www.paho.org/English/DPI/Number6_article6.htm5 The UNISDR definition of a hazard is ‘A dangerous phenomenon, substance, human activity

or condition that may cause loss of life, injury or other health impacts, property damage, loss of livelihoods and services, social and economic disruption, or environmental damage’.6 The UNISDR definition of vulnerability is ‘The characteristics and circumstances of a

community, system or asset that make it susceptible to the damaging effects of a hazard’. 11DRR AND WASH

2

7

7 The UNISDR definition of a capacity is ‘The combination of all the strengths, attributes and resources available within a community, society or organization that can be used to achieve agreed goals’.

12 DRR AND WASH

2 2.3 DISASTER RISK REDUCTION

DRR

8 The UNISDR definition of a Disaster Risk Reduction is ‘The concept and practice of reducing disaster risks through systematic efforts to analyse and manage the causal factors of disasters, including through

reduced exposure to hazards, lessened vulnerability of people and property, wise management of land and the environment, and improved preparedness for adverse events.

9 The UNISDR definition of a Resilience is ‘The ability of a system, community or society exposed to hazards to resist, absorb, accommodate to and recover from the effects of a hazard in a timely and efficient manner,

including through the preservation and restoration of its essential basic structures and functions.13DRR AND WASH

2

-

-

authorities

14 DRR AND WASH

2

2.3.1 MAINSTREAMING DISASTER RISK REDUCTION

10 http://www.unisdr.org/eng/hfa/docs/HFA-brochure-English.pdf11 http://www.globalnetwork-dr.org/reports/VFLfullreport0609.pdf

15DRR AND WASH

2

10

levels

11.

16 DRR AND WASH

2.3.2 DRR IN THE EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT CYCLE

12

13

12 The UNISDR definition of Prevention is ‘The outright avoidance of adverse impacts of hazards and related disasters’.13 The UNISDR definition of Mitigation is ‘The lessening or limitation of the adverse impacts of hazards and related disasters’.

14 The UNISDR definition of Preparedness is ‘The knowledge and capacities developed by governments, professional response and recovery organizations, communities and individuals to effectively anticipate,

respond to, and recover from, the impacts of likely, imminent or current hazard events or conditions’. 17DRR AND WASH

15 http://www.ipcc.ch/pdf/assessment-report/ar4/syr/ar4_syr_appendix.pdf

DEVELOPMENT

PHASE GENERAL SCOPE OF ACTION SPECIFIC AIM AND EXAMPLES

2 2


RECOVERY

EMERGENCY RESPONSE

2 2 PHASE GENERAL SCOPE OF ACTION SPECIFIC AIM AND EXAMPLES PHASE GENERAL SCOPE OF ACTION SPECIFIC AIM AND EXAMPLES


3

3.1 INTEGRATION OF DRR IN WASH IN THE DIFFERENT PHASES OF THE EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT CYCLE

3 DRR AND WASH SERVICES

22 DRR AND WASH

3

1.2.

3.

23DRR AND WASH

3 3.1.1 TO REDUCE THE POTENTIAL IMPACT OF HAZARD EVENTS ON WASH SERVICES !I.E. MITIGATION"

24 DRR AND WASH

3

3.1.2 TO ENSURE RAPID SERVICE LEVEL AND STRUCTURAL RECOVERY OF WASH SERVICES AFTER HAZARD EVENTS !I.E. PREPAREDNESS"

1.

16 http://www.who.int/water_sanitation_health/dwq/GDW4revrev1and2.pdf 17 http://www.who.int/water_sanitation_health/publication_9789241562638/en/index.html

25DRR AND WASH

3

17

16

users

date

26 DRR AND WASH

3 2.

3.

3.1.3 TO ENSURE THE DESIGN OF THE SYSTEMS ADDRESSES EARLIER VULNERABILITIES

27DRR AND WASH

3

3.1.4 TO ENSURE WASH SERVICES HAVE MINIMAL NEGATIVE EFFECTS ON SOCIETY !I.E. DO NO HARM"

28 DRR AND WASH

3 3.2 INTEGRATION OF DRR IN THE EMERGENCY RESPONSE PHASE

1.

2.3.

3.2.1 ASSESSMENT AND ANALYSIS IN THE EMERGENCY RESPONSE PHASE

29DRR AND WASH

3

Who

Results

ASSESSMENT IN HUMANITARIAN PHASE

30 DRR AND WASH

3

31DRR AND WASH

3 3.2.2 ACTION PLANNING IN THE EMERGENCY RESPONSE PHASEWASH SERVICES

SERVICE TYPES EXAMPLES OF MEASURES

32 DRR AND WASH

3

33DRR AND WASH

3

3.3 INTEGRATION OF DRR IN THE RECOVERY AND DEVELOPMENT PHASES

Users

Other

Users

WASH

Results:1.

2.

1.11.21.3

OVERALL GOAL INDICATORS

SERVICE TYPES EXAMPLES OF MEASURES

34 DRR AND WASH

3

1.2.

3.

3.3.1 ASSESSMENT, ANALYSIS AND ACTION PLANNING IN THE RECOVERY AND DEVELOPMENT PHASES BASED ON A WORKED EXAMPLE

35DRR AND WASH

3

Who

Results

ASSESSMENT IN RECOVERY AND DEVELOPMENT PHASES

36 DRR AND WASH

3 1.

37DRR AND WASH

3 2.

1

18 Adapted from: Venton, P.; Hansford, B. (2006) Reducing risk of disaster in our communities.

A-

B- C-D- E- F -G- H-

INDIVIDUAL WASH SYSTEM NO. INDIVIDUAL COMPONENTS OF WASH SYSTEMS123

67

12

HAZARD DESCRIPTION LANDSLIDE

38 DRR AND WASH

3

39DRR AND WASH

3

HAZARD DESCRIPTION LANDSLIDE

40 DRR AND WASH

3

41DRR AND WASH

3

-

-

HAZARD LANDSLIDE HAZARD EXPOSURE

2. low

2. low

2. low

2. low

2. low

2. low

HAZARD LANDSLIDE HAZARD EXPOSURE

42 DRR AND WASH

3

B. E.H2.

43DRR AND WASH

3

1. low

while several

these were

HAZARD LANDSLIDE

VULNERABILITIES TOWARDS HAZARD CAPACITIES TOWARDS HAZARDWASH SERVICE OR FUNCTIONAL UNIT

Users

Other

Users

Other

Users

Other

I…

…

Users

Other

1. low

HAZARD LANDSLIDE

VULNERABILITIES TOWARDS HAZARD CAPACITIES TOWARDS HAZARDWASH SERVICE OR FUNCTIONAL UNIT

44 DRR AND WASH

3

45DRR AND WASH

3 HAZARD LANDSLIDE

5: ALMOST CERTAIN !>1 EVENT PER 5 YEARS"PROBABILITY OF OCCURRENCE

Hazard

46 DRR AND WASH

3

47DRR AND WASH

3

results

OVERALL OBJECTIVE TO IMPROVE, IN A SUSTAINABLE MANNER, HEALTH AND WELL#BEING OF VULNERABLE HOUSEHOLDS IN THE PROVINCE OF EL PROGRESO

OBJECTIVELY VERIFIABLE INDICATORSINTERVENTION LOGIC RISKS ANDASSUMPTIONS

1.1

1.21.3

1.6

2.1

2.2

2.3

2.63.13.23.3

HAZARD LANDSLIDE

WASH

SOURCES OFVERIFICATION

48 DRR AND WASH

19 Adapted from http://www.maf.govt.nz/mafnet/rural-nz/emergency- management/snow/farm-response-to-2006-canterbury-snow/page-06.htm

20 Adapted from http://www.maf.govt.nz/mafnet/rural-nz/emergency- management/snow/farm-response-to-2006-canterbury-snow/page-06.htm 49

THE PRESSURE AND RELEASE !PAR" MODELTHE WASH SERVICE PERFORMANCE FRAMEWORK

ANNEX 1

ANNEX 2

50 DRR AND WASH

21 Adapted from references R3, R4, R5, R6, R31, R33, R34, R35, R36, R38

51DRR AND WASH

HAZARD: EARTHQUAKE

!SHAKING AND DISPLACEMENT OF THE GROUND"

ANNEX 3

MITIGATION AND PREPAREDNESS MEASURES FOR WASH SYSTEMS21

ANNEX 3


HAZARD: TSUNAMI HAZARD: VOLCANIC ERUPTION

!WAVES CAUSED BY A RAPID DISPLACEMENT OF WATER" !VOLCANIC ACTIVITY CAUSING ROCK FALL, ASH FALL, LAVA STREAMS AND RELEASE OF GAS"

ANNEX 3

ANNEX 3


HAZARD: SUBSIDENCE

!LOWERING OF THE EARTHS’ SURFACE IN RELATION TO A DATUM"

HAZARD: MASS MOVEMENT !I.E. LANDSLIDE, MUDFLOW, ROCKFALL, AVALANCHE…"

!SLOW TO RAPID MOVEMENT OF SOIL OR ROCK BY GRAVITY"

ANNEX 3

ANNEX 3


HAZARD: GENERAL FLOOD/ FLASH FLOOD !ONE OF HAZARDS LINKED TO TROPICAL CYCLONE" HAZARD: GENERAL FLOOD/ FLASH FLOOD !ONE OF HAZARDS LINKED TO TROPICAL CYCLONE" !GENERAL FLOOD: SLOWLY RISING WATER LEVELS CAUSED BY RAINFALL OR SNOWMELT;

FLASH FLOOD: RAPIDLY RISING WATER LEVELS, CAUSED BY RAINFALL, DAM BURST…"

HAZARD: STORM SURGE !ONE OF HAZARDS LINKED TO TROPICAL CYCLONE"!SHORT#TERM RISE IN SEA LEVEL ABOVE NORMALLY EXPECTED TIDE"

ANNEX 3

ANNEX 3


HAZARD: EXTREME TEMPERATURES # HIGH TEMPERATURES

Other

HAZARD: WIND STORM !ONE OF HAZARDS LINKED TO TROPICAL CYCLONE"

!WINDS WITH HIGH SPEEDS" !WINDS WITH HIGH SPEEDS"

ANNEX 3

ANNEX 3


HAZARD: EXTREME TEMPERATURES # LOW TEMPERATURES HAZARD: EXTREME TEMPERATURES # LOW TEMPERATURES

HAZARD: DROUGHT!LONGER PERIOD OF TIME WITH BELOW AVERAGE AMOUNTS OF PRECIPITATION"

ANNEX 3

ANNEX 3


HAZARD: FIRE

!UNCONTROLLED FIRE"

Other

ANNEX 3

ANNEX 3

HAZARD: DROUGHT


HAZARD: EPIDEMIC!INCREASE IN THE NUMBER OF CASES OF AN INFECTIOUS DISEASE ABOVE WHAT IS CONSIDERED NORMAL LEVEL"

GENERIC MITIGATION AND PREPAREDNESS MEASURES

ANNEX 3

ANNEX 3


Users

Other

ANNEX 3

ANNEX 3

GENERIC MITIGATION AND PREPAREDNESS MEASURES GENERIC MITIGATION AND PREPAREDNESS MEASURES


Other

Users

ANNEX 3

ANNEX 3

GENERIC MITIGATION AND PREPAREDNESS MEASURES GENERIC MITIGATION AND PREPAREDNESS MEASURES


WATER SUPPLYWATER SUPPLY

ISSUE POTENTIAL NEGATIVE EFFECTS POSSIBLE MEASURESISSUE POTENTIAL NEGATIVE EFFECTS POSSIBLE MEASURES

ANNEX 4

POTENTIAL NEGATIVE EFFECTS OF SMALL#SCALE WASH SERVICES ON SOCIETY

ANNEX 4


Create

Create

Create

EXCRETA DISPOSAL

HYGIENE PRACTICE

ISSUE POTENTIAL NEGATIVE EFFECTS POSSIBLE MEASURES




ANNEX 4

ANNEX 4

EXCRETA DISPOSALWATER SUPPLY


Create

VECTOR CONTROL

SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT

SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENTISSUE POTENTIAL NEGATIVE EFFECTS POSSIBLE MEASURES



ANNEX 4

ANNEX 4


Create

Create

DRAINAGE

DRAINAGE




ANNEX 4

ANNEX 4

SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT


ANNEX 5

PUBLIC HEALTH PROJECT # KENYA !2007/08" $ OXFAM GREAT BRITAIN

COMMUNITY WATER SECURITY PROGRAM # MYANMAR !2008/2009" # INTERNATIONAL RESCUE COMMITTEE !WRITTEN BY BEN HARVEY, THE IRC"

LIVELIHOODS AND SHELTER PROJECT # INDIA !2010/11" # CARE INDIA

©

EXAMPLES OF DRR INTEGRATION IN WASHANNEX

5

80 DRR AND WASH

DROUGHT MITIGATION # INDIA # DISCIPLESHIP CENTRE !DC" IN PARTNERSHIP WITH TEARFUND 22

DEVELOPMENT AND RISK REDUCTION # INDIA # EVANGELICAL FELLOWSHIP OF INDIA COMMISSION ON RELIEF !EFICOR" IN PARTNERSHIP WITH TEARFUND23

22 Adapted from http://tilz.tearfund.org/webdocs/Tilz/Topics/DRR/Drought%20Mitigation%20in%20Rajasthan.pdf

23 Adapted from http://tilz.tearfund.org/webdocs/Tilz/Topics/Risk%20reduction%20in%20Andhra%20Pradesh%20-%20smaller.pdf 81DRR AND WASH

FLOOD EMERGENCY RESPONSE # INDIA !2007/08" # OXFAM INDIA

CHOLERA RESPONSE # MOZAMBIQUE !1998"

ANNEX 5

ANNEX 5


R1

R2

R3

R6

R7

R10

R11

R12

R13

R16

R17

GENERAL BACKGROUND WASH KEY ORGANISATIONS, GENERAL INFORMATION RELATED TO DISASTERS AND VERTICAL PORTALS RELATING TO DISASTERS

GENERAL BACKGROUND DRR & DRR MAINSTREAMING

NO. TITLE DESCRIPTION PUBLISHED BY $ YEAR SOURCE NO. TITLE DESCRIPTION PUBLISHED BY $ YEAR SOURCE

NO. TITLE DESCRIPTION PUBLISHED BY $ YEAR SOURCE

GLOBAL WASHCLUSTER REFERENCES AND FURTHER READING

GLOBAL WASHCLUSTER


R20

R21

R22

R23

R26

R27

R30

R31

R32

R33

GENERAL BACKGROUND WASH

DRR GUIDELINES AND TOOLS


DRR INTEGRATION IN WASH





GLOBAL WASHCLUSTER

GLOBAL WASHCLUSTER


R36

R37


WATER SAFETY PLANS

ADDITIONAL RESOURCES




GLOBAL WASHCLUSTER INDEX

GLOBAL WASHCLUSTER


GLOBAL WASHCLUSTER

GLOBAL WASHCLUSTER

DISASTER RISK REDUCTION AND WATER,...

Documents

Transcript of DISASTER RISK REDUCTION AND WATER,...