I. Matter &EnergyEnergy

Types:

Kinetic Potential

1. Light 1. Chemical

2. Electrical 2. Nuclear

3. Mechanical 3. Fusion - join

4. Heat 4. Fission – split

5. Electromagnetic

• Sources: Examples & Uses

1. Solar 1. Solar panel

2. Hydroelectric 2. Moving water

3. Geothermal 3.Yellow Stone N Park

4. Wind 4. Windmills

5. Tidal 5. High / Low tides

6. Chemical 6. Fossil Fuels

MatterClassification: homogeneous

heterogeneous

Properties: physical & chemical

Changes: physical, chemical, & nuclear

II. ClassificationHomogeneous :definite compositionElements 1. Oxygen 6. Calcium 2. Hydrogen 7. Arsenic3. Nitrogen 8. Gold

4. Silver 9. Sodium

5. Copper 10. Magnesium

Compounds

1.Hydrogen hydroxide 6. Silicon dioxide

2. Calcium carbonate 7. Sodium chloride

3. Sucrose 8. Carbon Dioxide 4. Carbon Monoxide 9. Sulfuric acid5. Nitric acid 10. Silver Nitrate

Heterogeneous:

No definite composition

Mixtures:

1. Rock 2. Salad 3. Soup

4. Pizza 5. Paper 6. Air

7. Concrete 8. Soil 9. Ink

10. Shampoo

Elements (Properties)

Metals Nonmetals

1. Luster 1. Dull

2. Malleable 2. Colorful

3. Ductile 3. Brittle

4. Gray 4. No conduct heat

5. Conduct heat 5. No conduct electr.

& electricity

Metalloids (Properties):

Some properties of metals and

nonmetals

Shiny

Grey

Brittle

Non-conductor of heat

Semi-conductor of electricity

Elements (Examples):

Metals

1. Au 6. Al

2. Ag 7. K

3. Cu 8. Pb

4. Mg 9. Ni

5. Fe 10. Cr

Nonmetals1. Ne 6. S

2. N2 7. P

3. H2 8. Xe

4. He 9. Cl2

5. O2 10. Br2

Metalloids

1. Arsenic 5. Antimony

2. Silicon 6. Tellurium

3. Selenium 7. Germanium

4. Boron

Compounds (examples): 2 or more elements

Inorganic (from the earth):

1. Salt (NaCl)

2. Sand (SiO2)

3. Water (HOH)

4. Carbon dioxide (CO2)

5. Sulfuric acid (H2SO4 )

Organics (from living things):

1. Sugar (C12H22O11)

2. Ethanol (C2H5OH)

3. Simple sugar (C6 H12 O6)

4. Rubbing alcohol (C3H5OH)

5. Methanol(CH3OH)

Heterogeneous (No definite composition, 2 or more substances)

Mixtures :

A. True mixtures (pick out pieces): salad, soup, pizza, cereal, lasagna

B. Suspension (separate by gravity):

salad dressing, chocolate milk, orange juice, Snapple, YooHoo

C. Colloids (spin to separate): blood, lip gloss/stick, gel, hair spray, mousse, lotion, cream, toothpaste

D. Solutions (evaporate to separate): salt water, iced tea, Kool-aid, coffee, tea, soda

E. Alloy (2 or metals mixed): bronze, steel, jewelry gold, silver, brass

• Physical Properties divides into two types:A) Intensive (don’t depend on

the amount of matter) – boiling pt, conductivity, malleability etc.

B) Extensive (depend on the amount of matter) – mass, volume, area, energy generated etc.

III. Properties• Physical (identify a substance):

1. length, circumference, size, radius

2. volume, density, mass, area,

3. dull, color, temperature, f.p, m.p,

4. intensity, conductivity, magnetism

5. ductile, malleable, tensile strength

6. durability, flexibility, brittle

7. composition 9. permeable

8. crystalline shape 10. solubility,

Chemical (change the original substance):

1. flammable 7. react with sulfur 2.react with water 8. react with oxygen

3.react with acid 9. react with base 4.decomposition 10. composition 5.activity 11. combustion

6. oxidation 12. replacement RXN

IV. Changes In Matter• Physical Changes (does not alter the

composition):1. boil, melt 8. deposition2. freeze, solidify9. absorb3. evaporate 10. frost form4. condensation 11.sublime5. cut, tear, mix 12. rinse, drain, coat, 6. divide, cool, scrape, 7. layer, arrange, filter, color

• Chemical Changes: alters the compositions

1. burn (combustion)7. acid

2. bleach 8. base

3. oxidation 9. replacement

4. decomposition 10. dye

5. composition.

6. tarnish (Ag & Cu – sulfur reaction; react with metals)

• Nuclear Changes:

1. decay (constant)

2. fission (nuclear plant – splitting)

3. fusion (2 atoms join together)

Energy vs Changes:

Nuclear>>>>Chemical > Physical

Observations:

1. Quantitative: numerical

2. Qualitative: description

3. Comparative

Evidence of Chemical Change

• Bubbles

• Heat/Cold

• Light

• Sound

• Precipitate

• Change in Odor

• Change in Color

Terms

• Exothermic:

give off heat

• Endothermic:

absorb heat

• Isothermic:

heat exchange is zero