i Building Simulation (not) in the Studio Konferenzraum ...€¦ · 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22...
Transcript of i Building Simulation (not) in the Studio Konferenzraum ...€¦ · 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22...
Building Simulation (not) in the StudioSustainable Design Classes 2011 -2013
Digi-Pro @ 3d-Labor (Prof. H. Schwandt)Max Dölling, Dipl.-Ing., Assistant Professor
DIVA Day 2013Solemma LLC @ Thornton Tomasetti
July 15th, 2013, New York City, NY, USA
Building Simulation (not) in the Studio
Dipl.-Ing. Max Dölling 1
Technische Universität Berlin,Germany
Sustainable DesignClasses 2011 - 2013
0
i
ii
iii
Ausstellung
Shop
Büros
Ballsaal
Foyer
Toiletten
Lager
Garderobe
Personal-Garerobe
Geträneklager
Pumi
Ausstellung
Hörsaal
Wor
ksho
ps
Toile
tten
Lage
r
Workshops
Pumi
Toiletten
LagerPumi
Auss
tell
ung
Auss
tell
ung
Wor
ksho
ps
Toile
tte
Teek
üche
Lage
r
Hoch
saal
0
i
ii
iii
AusstellungBallsaal
Foyer
Ausstellung
Hörsaal
Wor
ksho
ps
Workshops
Auss
tell
ung
Auss
tell
ung
Wor
ksho
ps
Teeküche
Konf
eren
zrau
m
Toiletten
Lager
Pers. GarderobeGarderobe
Pumi
Getränelager
Café
Shop
Toile
ttenLage
r
Pumi
Toiletten
Lager
Pumi
Lage
rPumi
Toile
tten
Büro
Cafe
shop
austellung
lager
garderobe
konferenz
workshop
hörsaal
büro
Thermal Conditioning & Daylight Zoning Diagram >
Occupancy Hours & Intensity Sketch >
‘Robust’ studio:Karen KrögerPhilip Winkler
Philip Rust
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22
In cooperation with:
Dr. Farshad Nasrollahi 2
Jeffrey Tietze, Cand. BSc 1
1 Digital Processing for Academics (Prof. Schwandt)2 FG Gebäudetechnik und Entwerfen (Prof. Steffan)
Building Simulation (not) in the StudioSustainable Design Classes 2011 -2013
Digi-Pro @ 3d-Labor (Prof. H. Schwandt)Max Dölling, Dipl.-Ing., Assistant Professor
DIVA Day 2013Solemma LLC @ Thornton Tomasetti
July 15th, 2013, New York City, NY, USA
Students discussing sintered shading geometry prototypes, summer 2012
Building simulation is commonly taught as a specialty class instead of in a � design-centric but still research-oriented framework �
Common doubts about simulation in design: � simulation usability, feasibility of analysis results to positively (if at all) impact wide-scope design decisions; conflict over contents of core studios �
Initial Thesis: � “Design changes everything” ��(or does it?)
Our classes attempt the � integration of thermal and daylight simulation into the early stages of architectural design �
Throughout the last two years, we held � three seminar types, all concerned with architectural performance optimization �
Main goals: investigate � process, building form & performance impact, design representations � teaching of energy literacy to architecture students to facilitate interdisciplinary processes �
Design research: � reflect on the means, methods and procedures of design in-process; analyse artefacts from a rational, formal and phenomenological perspective �
01 Teaching & Research Goals
Building Simulation (not) in the StudioSustainable Design Classes 2011 -2013
Digi-Pro @ 3d-Labor (Prof. H. Schwandt)Max Dölling, Dipl.-Ing., Assistant Professor
DIVA Day 2013Solemma LLC @ Thornton Tomasetti
July 15th, 2013, New York City, NY, USA
A : Parametric Design Climates : 1, 2, 4
02 Class Iterations (chronological)
C : ‘Robust’ Studio Integration 5B : Performative Design 1, 3, 4
� Community Center & Offices � (mechanical conditioning)
� Housing Units & Urban Design � (passive & mech. conditioning)
� Multi - Use Exhibition & Office building ��(mech. cond.)
1 Hollywod, FL, USA 2 Hashtgerd, Iran 3 Yazd, Iran 4 Östersund, Sweden 5 Berlin, GermanyClimate.: Am (Köppen class) Climate: BSk Climate: BWk Climate: Dfc Climate: Dfb
� Geometric optimization� Fixed materials & setpoints� Balance thermal & daylight
� Geometric & material optimization� Fixed setpoints & U-Val., custom mat.� Thermal performance focus
� Geometric & material optimization� Custom setpoints, mat. & behavior� Individualized performance tests
R. Canihuante,
M. El-Soudani
Office Bldg. (FL site)
O. A. Pearl,
D. Gkougkoudi
Housing units (SWE site) B. Suazo, M. Silva (Berlin site)
Building Simulation (not) in the StudioSustainable Design Classes 2011 -2013
Digi-Pro @ 3d-Labor (Prof. H. Schwandt)Max Dölling, Dipl.-Ing., Assistant Professor
DIVA Day 2013Solemma LLC @ Thornton Tomasetti
July 15th, 2013, New York City, NY, USA
Student Ralitsa Georgieva presenting daylight simulations, winter 2011/12
03 Metrics & Design / Simulation Tools
Design decisions are guided by energy and comfort metrics, created by DIVA (Daysim, Radiance) & DesignBuilder (E+)
� Total and primary energy demand ��of idealized, best-practice cooling, heating & lighting systems
� Discomfort Hours � Operative Temperature
� UDI 100 - 2000 lux Climate-Based Daylight Metrics ���for all spaces (seasonal & yearly occupancy schedules)
��Daylight Availability � (DAv) 300 lux (office spaces)
� Irradiance images ��grid calculations (seasonal, yearly)
� Point-in-time luminance metrics � Evalglare calculations �
Yet in an unconstrained design process, technical validity of metrics only does not by default provide good design outcomes: � metrics have to be seen in conjunction with design intent & other (architectural) representations �
� The interpretation of technically invariant metrics shifts depending on typology, climate & design goals �
Building Simulation (not) in the StudioSustainable Design Classes 2011 -2013
Digi-Pro @ 3d-Labor (Prof. H. Schwandt)Max Dölling, Dipl.-Ing., Assistant Professor
DIVA Day 2013Solemma LLC @ Thornton Tomasetti
July 15th, 2013, New York City, NY, USA
04 Performance Representations (excerpts)a Office / Multi - use building(Ft. Lauderdale, FL, USA)
b Housing development (Yazd, Iran)
Design concepts, Irradiation metrics Overhang study Final performance section with horizontal louversGlare without louvers
Daylight metrics model(UDI, DAv)
Early massing stage Housing UnitsCellular strategy UDI 100 - 2k axonometric Final state (RP irrad. model) Yard perspective (hello, glare... )
C. Kollmeyer,
R. Kölmel
DAv20 %
UDI66 %
C.103
H. 2
L. 6
UDI90 %
DAv84 %
C.64
L. 4
H. .1 DAv 300 lux,UDI 100 - 2000 lux Heating, cooling,lighting energy use development (kWh/m2)Primary energy demand
Initial Variant275 kWh/m2
Final Variant170 kWh/m2
Building Simulation (not) in the StudioSustainable Design Classes 2011 -2013
Digi-Pro @ 3d-Labor (Prof. H. Schwandt)Max Dölling, Dipl.-Ing., Assistant Professor
DIVA Day 2013Solemma LLC @ Thornton Tomasetti
July 15th, 2013, New York City, NY, USA
05 Performative Design: Sweden Site
b Design & Simulations:T. Merickova, P. Jardzioch
Variant A
a Design & Simulations: O. A. Pearl, D. Gkougkoudi
UDI 100 - 2000, > 2000 &< 100 lux comparison;Heating energy use
development (kWh/m2)
Test glazing areas, materials, U-values,
and unit overshadowing (conditioned & passive)
Compare two site design variants; pick “best” one.
Metrics: average irradiance, H/C energy demand (VIPER)
H. 89 H. 34
> 2k43 %
19 %
100 - 2k38 %
27 %
100 - 2k48 %
> 2k25 %
Baseline (~A) Final Variant
> 2k42 %
H. 37 H. 1818 %
100 - 2k40 %
32 %
100 - 2k45 %
> 2k23 %
Baseline (~B) Final Variant
In parallel to systematic tests,designs continue to developin a heuristic & design-driven fashion, on multiple levels
Variant B
461 114
Summer Winter
Avrg. irradiation (exposed surfaces): kWh/m2
529 135
Summer Winter
Variant A495 117Variant B
Unequal unit performance!
467 116
606 140630 154Final Var.
Final Var.
“Versioning” “Shaping”
Building Simulation (not) in the StudioSustainable Design Classes 2011 -2013
Digi-Pro @ 3d-Labor (Prof. H. Schwandt)Max Dölling, Dipl.-Ing., Assistant Professor
DIVA Day 2013Solemma LLC @ Thornton Tomasetti
July 15th, 2013, New York City, NY, USA
06 Performative Design: Sweden Site
Unit perspective section Site perspective (looking East)
Unit section Site perspective (looking West)
b Design & Simulations:T. Merickova, P. Jardzioch
a Design & Simulations: O. A. Pearl, D. Gkougkoudi
Building Simulation (not) in the StudioSustainable Design Classes 2011 -2013
Digi-Pro @ 3d-Labor (Prof. H. Schwandt)Max Dölling, Dipl.-Ing., Assistant Professor
DIVA Day 2013Solemma LLC @ Thornton Tomasetti
July 15th, 2013, New York City, NY, USA
07 Detailed Design / Simulation Narrative (Florida Site)
� Design: I. V. Crego, D. Cepeda del Toro �
C.103
H. 2
L. 6
A B C DA B C D
m² m²m²
m²
FormFinding:Volumes
FacadeConcepts:��������
Courtyardventilation
(exterior)
Heating (natural gas)
Chiller (electricity)
Useful Daylight Illumi-nance, 100 - 2000 lux
Daylight Availability,����������
kWh/m²; Primary
% of occupied hours
Glazing Solar Gains (kWh)
Lighting (electricity)
UDI > 2000, < 100 lux
Glass Sol. Gains (/occ. area)
�����
Meeting &Media Halls
AuxiliarySpaces
Foyer
Circulation
25Annual H/C/L energy demand, UDI 100-2000, DAv 300 ������������������������������������!��!�������"��glazing solar gains (all variants)
20
15
10
100
80
60
40
20
NORTH
SOUTH
5
kWh/m2kWh/m2
0 %occ. hrs.
0 kWh)2(/m
Space Use
339
238223
204
153
Nat. Vent.
Building Simulation (not) in the StudioSustainable Design Classes 2011 -2013
Digi-Pro @ 3d-Labor (Prof. H. Schwandt)Max Dölling, Dipl.-Ing., Assistant Professor
DIVA Day 2013Solemma LLC @ Thornton Tomasetti
July 15th, 2013, New York City, NY, USA
W. J. Batty & B. Swann (‘97): Integration of Computer Based Modelling and an
Inter-Disciplinary Based Approach to Building Design [...], (Building Simulation ‘97)
“The performance parameters related to the design inquiries are extracted from guidebooks due to their clarity, familiarity and popularity amongst architects. The simulation tasks [...] are then defined with respect to each design stage.”
S. Bambardekar &
U. Poerschke (‘09):
The Architect
as Performer of
Energy Simulation
in the Early
Design Stage,
(Building Simulation
‘09)
08 Design / Simulation Process Observations & Models“The basic procedures involved in the design of acommodity are the same whether it be a toaster, supersonic passenger aircraft or a building.”
Process�Steps Type�of�analysis Shad
ing�Mask
Ove
rsha
dowing�an
alysis
Sunp
ath�Ana
lysis
Wind�Ro
se�ana
lysis
Psycho
metric�an
alysis
Clou
d�co
ver�an
alysis
Day
light�ana
lysis
Illum
inan
ce�le
vel�a
nalysis
Day
light�auton
omy
Glare�in
dex
Min/M
ax�Tem
p�rang
ediurna
l�Tem
perature�variatio
nHDD/C
DD
Balanc
e�po
int�tem
perature
Incide
nt�Solar�rad
iatio
nRo
om�Tem
perature
Hea
t�storage
/rem
oval�cap
acity
Occup
ancy�gains
Cond
uctio
n�ga
inDirec
t�Solar�gain
Ligh
ting�ga
inHea
t�gain�av
oida
nce�by
�Day
lighting
Timelag
�in�hea
t�trans
fer
Hea
t�gain/
Loss
Hea
ting�load
Cooling�Lo
adredu
ction�in�Hea
ting/Co
oling�load
air�ch
ange
�rate
Infiltration�ga
in
base�case�en
d�us
e�en
ergy
�break
down
prop
osed
�end
�use�ene
rgy�brea
kdow
nen
ergy
�con
servation�mea
sures
DL�su
pplemen
ted�Ligh
ting�en
ergy
Hea
ting�en
ergy
Cooling�en
ergy
saving
s�in�Lighting�en
ergy
redu
ction�in�Hea
ting�en
ergy
redu
ction�in�coo
ling�en
ergy
overall�e
nergy�co
nsum
ption
energy
�gen
erated
�by�PV
Architectural�design�parameters
A Programming�Stage Climate�analysis o o o o o o o o oBenchmarking oParametric�analysis o o
BSchematic�Design�Stage
1 BUILDING�VLV Orientation o o o o o o o o o o o optimum�orientationMassing o o aspet�ratio,�volumeSite�form�MassingSpace�Zoning o o
2 SPACE�LVLoptimize�envelope Insulation o o o o o o o o o o o o optimum�U,�R�values,�thickness
Materials���opaque o o o o o o o o U,�R�values,�thicknessMaterials���glazed o o o o o o o o o SHGC,�VT,�U�value,�optimum�WWRGreen/Cool�roof o o o o o o o U,R�values,�thickness
3 Passive�heating Thermal�Masso o o o o o o o o
Area,�location,�thickness,�heat�storage�capacityDirect�heat�gain o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o WWR,�SHGCIndirect�heat�gain o o o o o o o o o o o o o thickness,�heat�storage�capacity
4 Passive�cooling Cross�Ventilation o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o Inlet/outlet�opening�area,�locationStack�ventilation o o o o o o o o o o o o o stack�height,�location,�opening�areaMass+night�cooling o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o area�of�thermal�mass�&�openings
5 Shading Shading o o o o o o o o geometry,�location
6 Daylighting Daylighting o o o o o o o o o o o o optimum�DF,�WWRLight�shelves o o o o o Glare�controlDaylight�zoning o oSkylights o o o o o optimum�DF
Daylight�dimming o o o oOccupancy�sensors o o o sensor�location
7 Renewables Solar�power o o o panel�sizingWind�PowerGeothermal�powerSolar�DHW o o o panel�sizing
Miscellaneous Lighting Thermal Energy
� Knowledge of architectural design processes (and the implications of full “integration”) advances only slowly in the BPS community, compared to technological innovation �
Instead of aiming to standardize processes, attention is given to recurring patterns in design - specific workflows:
� Processes are not linear � but concurrently erratic, iterative, case-specific and linked to performance / design intent
� Simulation scope ��improves through time, usually in phases:��a Heuristic design-seed generation��b Partial / explorative simulations (single / multi-domain)�� c Whole-building multi-domain interdependent simulations
� Form / Performance knowledge � steadily accretes throughout individual design steps taken by students
� Individual / tacit knowledge constructed through designerly making � coexists with � quantified, multi-domain performance behaviours (which are objective within their evaluatory scope and, in the case studies, geometrically defined) �
Building Simulation (not) in the StudioSustainable Design Classes 2011 -2013
Digi-Pro @ 3d-Labor (Prof. H. Schwandt)Max Dölling, Dipl.-Ing., Assistant Professor
DIVA Day 2013Solemma LLC @ Thornton Tomasetti
July 15th, 2013, New York City, NY, USA
Design
AB
DC
Intent
SSSSSSSCCCCCCCCC
OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOPEEEEEEEEEE PPPPPPPRRRRRRRRROOOOOOOOOOOCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCEESSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS
SC
OPE PROCESS
RRRRRRREEEEEEEEEEEEE
PRRRRRRRRRRRRRR
EEEEEEEESSSSSSSSSSEEEEEE NNNNNN TTTTTTTTTTTTTAAAAATTTTAAAA BBBBBIIIILLLLLL
IIITTTTTTTTYYYYYYYYYYYY
RE
PR
ESE N TA BIL
ITY
M. C. Doelling &.......................
F. Nasrollahi (‘13)
Parametric Design :
A Case - Study in Design-Simulation Integration, (Building Simulation’13)
�������������������������������!�����"�#�$������
� Hence, linear descriptions of design/simulation processes obfuscate their real inherent complexity - but awareness of this problem is increasing in the literature �
Elements of an adapted process model (Doelling & Nasrollahi, Building Simulation 2013):
� Design intent � is intersubjectively constructed and encapsulates (performance) domains (A - D plus many more)
� Design Synthesis � is achieved by continuously overlapping domain states (e.g., through “multivalent” representations)
Domain crosstalk influences design intent; intent modifies domains � resulting in a non-linear process field �
What are the benefits of thinking in such a model?
� The model unburdens design processes from constant rational analysis synchronicity demands �
� It supports holistic knowledge achieved through complex, physically accurate, output-flexible tools (e.g., DIVA) �
“The focus of simulation is to solve design dilemmas. [...] The identification of three main design stages is not neccessarily a reproduction of the [design] process. ”
R. Venancio,
A. Pedrini, A.C.
van der Linden, E. van
den Ham & R. Stouffs (‘11):
Think Designerly! Using Multiple Simulation Tools to
Solve Architectural Dilemmas, (Building Simulation ‘11)Chermayeff & Alexander (‘63):
Design Interdependencies
“An integrated process is ......a dynamic field of........related design states ...........and should not be ..............represented...................linearly. ”
Building Simulation (not) in the StudioSustainable Design Classes 2011 -2013
Digi-Pro @ 3d-Labor (Prof. H. Schwandt)Max Dölling, Dipl.-Ing., Assistant Professor
DIVA Day 2013Solemma LLC @ Thornton Tomasetti
July 15th, 2013, New York City, NY, USA
SAMPLE building, Ft. Lauderdale, Florida, USA (office int. loading)
01 Annual average Zone Air Temperature (C°), non-conditioned, non-ventilated (inf. 0.7 ac/h)
02 Annual averagecooling rate (W) of v. 01if cooling were enabled
03 Annual average of ZoneTransmitted Solar (W), base state, no shadingmax. gains S/E, S/W
04 Addition of overhangs &shading reduces zone air temp. & absolute difference
05 Addition of calculated natural ventilation plus shadingyields 13° avrg. temp. reduction
10 Results : Space - Based Thermal Metrics Mapping
� Derived from experiments with combined design & data-visualization in class and the benefits of space-based metrics shown by DIVA and in the literature, the GHpython tool Mr. Comfy spatially displays energy simulation data �
� Multi-zone mapping � of hourly / daily / monthly / annual / arbitrary range performance data generated by EnergyPlus
� Co-display of several report variables � by duplicating components; unlimited no. of variables & zones per *.csv (Until it crashes - beware of Alpha releases)
How is this useful and related to design processes?
� Where in a building significant events occurr can be hard to gauge from chart data, requiring other representations �
� Spatial zone relationships & adjacencies influence thermal performance, at times making it behave counter-intuitively �
��Long - term goal ��custom design - supportive metrics
��Release date ��~ September ‘13 (v. 0.1)
N
Building Simulation (not) in the StudioSustainable Design Classes 2011 -2013
Digi-Pro @ 3d-Labor (Prof. H. Schwandt)Max Dölling, Dipl.-Ing., Assistant Professor
DIVA Day 2013Solemma LLC @ Thornton Tomasetti
July 15th, 2013, New York City, NY, USA
Student Alan Patrick discussing simulations, ’Robust’ studio, Summer 2013
11 Results : Building Simulation in the Studio
� Continuing success in the stand-alone classes led to an invitation to participate in the ‘Robust’ design studio held by the department of Prof. Regine Leibinger, TU Berlin �
� Goal � Perform design-driven simulations of individualized scope, to aid realization of ‘robust’, heavy bldg. envelopes
� Studio benefits & possibilities �� Students have more time to work on design variants� Interest by design departments is a prerequisite to move� sustainability simulations into the mainstream of practice� More realistic test environment of conflicting influences� Results can be more representative of integrated design &� of high architectural quality (successful in this class!)
� Studio difficulties & pitfalls �� Design staff and students must both be educated� Conflicts of interest can erode intensity benefits� Influencing whole-building morphology can cause friction� If the studio is not primarily sustainability-driven, � performance concerns might become mere addenda
� Process, technology are “ready”. We need positive results!
Building Simulation (not) in the StudioSustainable Design Classes 2011 -2013
Digi-Pro @ 3d-Labor (Prof. H. Schwandt)Max Dölling, Dipl.-Ing., Assistant Professor
DIVA Day 2013Solemma LLC @ Thornton Tomasetti
July 15th, 2013, New York City, NY, USA
(Seasonal) UDI100 - 2000 lux& DAv 300 luxdaylight studiesfor alternatingzones of light /
dark
Cross Sections
LateralSection
Light intent & Sim.
12 Results : Building Simulation in the Studio
UDI 100-2000 Lux UDI 100-2000 Lux Sommer UDI 100-2000 Lux Winter Daylight Avilability 500 Lux
Exhibition
Multi-Purpose
Research Center
Exhibition
Event
+24,00
+20,00
+14,00
+10,00
+6,00
+0,00
4,35 9,00 3,351234
Section North-South 1:200 Section North-South 1:200
Elevation Friedrichstraße 1:200
Section East-West 1:200
114
113
112
111
110
109
108
107
106
OPENINGS [%]
605040302010
HEAT
GEN
ERAT
ION
[kW
h/m
2] SOUTH
NORTH
� Design / Sim.:� L. de Pedro,��C. Sitzler �
Building Simulation (not) in the StudioSustainable Design Classes 2011 -2013
Digi-Pro @ 3d-Labor (Prof. H. Schwandt)Max Dölling, Dipl.-Ing., Assistant Professor
DIVA Day 2013Solemma LLC @ Thornton Tomasetti
July 15th, 2013, New York City, NY, USA
Multi-metric daylight study of different facade
configurations for maximum
daylight depth & uniformity(500 lux)
Sommer
Winter
Initial LightShelf Concepts
sommer
equinox
winter
sommer
equinox
winter
Seasonal Facade Overshadowing
Daylight Autonomy
UDI < 100 lux
UDI 100 - 2k lux
UDI > 2k lux
Daylight
Availability
A B C D
Regular facade ALight shelf only B
Shelf + plate cut CShelf 10° rotated D
Final South Facade (configuration C) South FacadeCutaway (conf. C)
13 Results : Building Simulation in the Studio
� Design / Sim.:� K. Kröger��P. Winkler
P. Rust �
Building Simulation (not) in the StudioSustainable Design Classes 2011 -2013
Digi-Pro @ 3d-Labor (Prof. H. Schwandt)Max Dölling, Dipl.-Ing., Assistant Professor
DIVA Day 2013Solemma LLC @ Thornton Tomasetti
July 15th, 2013, New York City, NY, USA
Student Majd Murad discussing simulations, ’Robust’ studio, Summer 2013
14 Conclusion
� Simulation, if used properly, has a massively positive influence on ‘integrated’ processes designers undertake; it also is craft �
� ‘Designerly’ simulations do not weaken form and can be� applied even in a non-sustainability driven creative context �
� Inclusive performance research must happen in a strongly � design-driven framework, to stay generally applicable �
� In this context, individual domains should adapt:� Tools: complex & usable, not simple, to mirror design reasoning� Process: Fluid, adaptable, individual; with rational components� Representations, Metrics: Problem-specific, spatially defined
� “Design changes everything” ...? ��������Not quite.
Design changes simulation, which in turn influences design.
Architects deal with early-stage unstructured information in a synthetic manner, which shapes design intent and is used to gauge the social and behavioural impacts of space; this gives BPS performed by designers great future potential.
Building Simulation (not) in the StudioSustainable Design Classes 2011 -2013
Digi-Pro @ 3d-Labor (Prof. H. Schwandt)Max Dölling, Dipl.-Ing., Assistant Professor
DIVA Day 2013Solemma LLC @ Thornton Tomasetti
July 15th, 2013, New York City, NY, USA
Student Philip Rust co-presenting, final crit of ’Robust’ studio, Summer 2013
A special “Thank You!” to all the students who participated in our classes throughout the last 2.5 years. None of this would have been possible without you.
With deep thanks to:Cecilia, Farshad Nasrollahi, Jeffrey Tietze, Alstan Jakubiec, Christoph Reinhart, Matthias Graf v. Ballestrem, Bogdan Strugar, Jan Kunze, Regine Leibinger (everyone I forgot, apologies)
Thank you, DIVA DAY! Off-conference questions? [email protected]
References
Doelling, M.C. & Nasrollahi, F. 2012. Building Performance Simulation in Non-Simplified
Architectural Design. Proceedings of the 30th eCAADe conference, Prague, Czech Republic.
Doelling, M.C. 2012. Hybrid Daylight Models in Architectural Design Education. Proceedings of
DIVA Day 2012, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Boston.
Doelling, M.C. & Nasrollahi, F. 2013. Architektur, Simulation und Intention. In: Claus Steffan (Hrsg.),
Parameter des Entwerfens: Architektur und Nachhaltigkeit. Universitätsverlag der TU Berlin.
Doelling, M.C. & Jastram, B. 2013. Daylight Prototypes: From Simulation Data to Four-Dimensional
Artefact. Proceedings of the 18th CAADRIA conference, National University of Singapore, Sing.
Doelling, M.C. & Nasrollahi, F. 2013. Parametric Design: a Case Study in Design-Simulation
Integration. Proceedings of Building Simulation 2013, Lyon, France.