Hydrogen & Fuel Cells For a more sustainable future
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Transcript of Hydrogen & Fuel Cells For a more sustainable future
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José Luís Alexandre – [email protected]/INEGI - Department of Mechanical Engineering
Faculty of Engineering – University of PortoSeptember- 2005
Portugal
Hydrogen & Fuel Cells
For a more sustainable future
2005 C3P AND NASA TECHNICAL WORKSHOP
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Contents
• Overview of actual oil situation in world and Portugal– Energy Resources – Environment impact
• Green Hydrogen • INEGI Work in Hydrogen and Fuel Cell domain since
2001: – Projects
• National - FCT funds• European funding SAVE • Own funding project – INEGI ( Will be a national project funding we
expect it)
• Hydrogen test facilities
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0
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50• Oil Price !!!
– The World demand is Increasing - (China and India)
– Economic, social and political instability in the extraction zones (ex. Iraqi, Venezuela, Russia e Nigeria)
– The efficiency of production and exploration without any improvements in last years
Oil Price = Oil World crisis • USD
Fonte: BP review of World Energy; IMF/World Bank; Platts
)year theofday (**)(Price ePtkJanuary
December 2005 P=$100.0
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• Economy impact – Own Natural energy resources ???? – Utilization of energy with low efficiency
Increase the energy demand – Increase of the oil needs
• The economy impact in Portugal is 3x higher than the average of EC
Actual Portuguese Scenario
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• Oil /Total prime energy (%)
• Fuel Fossil Needs
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Actual Portuguese Scenario
27,938,352,764,264,840,5
Fil.Ale.Esp.Port.Lux
57,084,080,386,285,879,3
Fil.Ale.Esp.Port.Lux
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Resources and Environment Questions
• World energy resources– Oil : 40 years– NG : 61 years– Coal : 270 years
• Environment– Global warm
• Weather world changes• (KATRINA!!)
– Acid rains – Leakages – etc
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Ton CO2 /capita
0 5 10 15 20
USA
Australia
Japan
EU
Russia
M. East
China
Latina A
Asia
Africa
World average
Greenhouse effect (CO2)
EU
24,2%
Japan
8,5%
Others
11,5%
Russia
17,4%
USA
36,1%
Others2,3%No- Kyoto
38,4%Kyoto61,6%% Global emissions
Forecast emissions for next 50 years
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• Fuel Globally Acceptable • Enough for national energy demand • Environment friendly – CLEAN
– Improve the life quality (ex. In cities - controlled emission pollution )
• Sustainable Increase of the energetic system and decrease the oil needs,
• More efficient that leads profit more the natural resources available
Alternatives ??
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GREEN H2 P
rim
e E
ner
gy
Solar
Wind
Geothermic
waves & tide
Biomass
Electric Energy
Gre
en H
2
Applications
Buildings
Industrials
Transportation
Portable equip.
elec
tro
lyse
ThermalEnergy
Chemical EnergyBio methanol
SteamReforming
Biogas
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INEGI research areas and development
• H2 production– Wind farms with H2/FC backup
• H2 storage– Chemical storage device
• H2 applications– Fuel Cell systems
• Portable PEMFC systems
• Test, standardisation and learning
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Future project – Green H2 production
Wind Energy
Electrolyser
H2 Storage
Fuel Cell
Montezinho hill Demonstration project
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Fuel Cell Power: 6*2,5 kW
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Balance of plant – first theoretical approach
Aerogerador
InverterAC/DC
8783 kWh/ano
87872 kWh/ano
79089 kWh/ano
Inverter DC/DC1865 kWh/ano
18806 kWh/ano
16941 kWh/ano
Electrolyser3249 kWh/ano
13692 kWh/ano(4564 Nm3 H2/ano)
Compressor
118 kWh/ano
Fuel Cell
11865 kWh/ano(3955 Nm3 H2/ano)
H2 Storage
Excess H2
1824 kWh/ano(609 Nm3 H2/ano)
Inverter DC/DC
5302 kWh/ano
657 kWh/ano
6563 kWh/ano
5906 kWh/ano
Inverter DC/AC 3046 kWh/ano
30431 kWh/ano
27385 kWh/ano
LoadComsumption
590 kWh/ano
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H2 Storage – NaBH4
• Chemical storage with Sodium Boron Hydride (NaBH4) solution
Lab facilities
NaBH4 reactor
NaBH4 + H2O -> NaBOH + H2
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H2 ApplicationsProject SIME – national funding
- Trolley- Mobile recharge FC - Radio FC power supply - Gas telemetry System device
Industrial Consortium: SRE National Lab and Research institute: INEGI & INETI
Objectives:
Development of Fuel Cells for Portable Applications
Work done so far :
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Trolley
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Mobile recharge Power unit
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Radio FC power supply unit
Metal hydride
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Gas telemetry System device
Hydrogen and Fuel Cells at Hanover Fair 2004
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Optimization of Hydrogen PEMFC
• FCT funding project already started – Optimization of PEMFC and develop test
procedures – Develop a transient 2D modeling of H2 FC
(PEM technology)– Validation of CFD codes with experimental
tests– Elaboration of test procedures for industrial
based both on FCTEstNet project and new standard international codes
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H2 Test, normalization and learning European Projects- The Fuel Cell Testing
and Standardisation NETwork - FCTESTNET
- European Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Technology Platform - HFP
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Objectives
Compile and harmonise testing procedures for fuel cells, stacks and systems
Initial assessment of FC systems against user requirements for stationary, portable and transport applications
FCTESTNET
Deliverables
Compilation of testing protocols & methodologies
Agreed proposals for harmonisation
IEC TC105ISO TC 197CEN/CENELEC
OTHER INT’L. ACTIVITIES
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Project Structure
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INEGI Participation
Contributing expertise from the R&D fields Automotive, Energy Production and Renewable Energy. Knowledge of thermodynamic, chemical and mechanical engineering aspects.
Definition of Testing and Standardisation procedures of Fuel Cell technologies
Experience in R&D of Automotive, Energy Production and Renewable Energy, in the definition of Testing and Standardisation procedures of Fuel Cell technologies.
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HFP – Program Structure
Applying the know-how gather in the recent EC project
As an University we have
some skills in that field that we can use
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The main goal of the H2& FC platform:
The idea is to facilitate and accelerate: The development and deployment of cost-competitive H2 & FC; Change the base Energy systems in European in toward to the hydrogen and fuel cell society; The components and systems for transport application, portable and stationary power applications
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Main Tasks of our group
Participation in meetings of the Hydrogen and FC Platform – general meetings and Initiative Group meetings.
Contribution to surveys and state-of-the-art reports on relevant subjects.
Preparation of research proposals to be submitted to the EU R&D framework programmes. (7 FP)
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INEGI Hydrogen / FC test facilities
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INEGI Hydrogen/FC test facilities
Hydrogen Storage
Gas Unit control
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INEGI Hydrogen/FC test facilitiesHumidification device
Electric Load Device
Data Acquisition System
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GREEN H2 Power and Fuel Cells
ENDThank you