Hydrogen Fuel Cells (1).ppt

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Hydrogen Fuel Cells: Hydrogen Fuel Cells: A Dream or Reality? A Dream or Reality? Section 007 Section 007 Andrew Scheidel Andrew Scheidel Emily Skaer Emily Skaer Elizabeth Golanski Elizabeth Golanski

Transcript of Hydrogen Fuel Cells (1).ppt

Page 1: Hydrogen Fuel Cells (1).ppt

Hydrogen Fuel Cells:Hydrogen Fuel Cells:A Dream or Reality?A Dream or Reality?

Section 007Section 007Andrew ScheidelAndrew Scheidel

Emily SkaerEmily SkaerElizabeth GolanskiElizabeth Golanski

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The Obvious Energy ProblemThe Obvious Energy Problem

Developing countries population continues to Developing countries population continues to grow along with their Per Capita GDPgrow along with their Per Capita GDP

The World currently derives 80% of its The World currently derives 80% of its Energy from fossil fuelsEnergy from fossil fuels

Believe it or not, fossil fuel will hit a Believe it or not, fossil fuel will hit a production peak in the VERY near futureproduction peak in the VERY near future

Higher demand + lower supply = X Higher demand + lower supply = X 1,000,000,000,000 which means1,000,000,000,000 which means

no more Escalades and Hummersno more Escalades and Hummers

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Currently the United States uses 45 % of oil for gasoline purposesCurrently the United States uses 45 % of oil for gasoline purposes

Animation of a petrochemical refinery

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Economics LessonEconomics Lesson

Crude oil prices are linked with inflation Crude oil prices are linked with inflation (high oil = higher costs = prices raised in (high oil = higher costs = prices raised in order to offset higher cost = inflation.order to offset higher cost = inflation.

Inflation leads to many problems like:Inflation leads to many problems like: - Less purchasing power- Less purchasing power - A decrease in consumer spending- A decrease in consumer spending

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The Solution!The Solution!

Renewable and alternate forms of energy. Renewable and alternate forms of energy. NOW!NOW!

Wind, hydro, solar, tidal, geothermal, and Wind, hydro, solar, tidal, geothermal, and HYDROGENHYDROGEN

The forefront of hydrogen fuel development The forefront of hydrogen fuel development relates to hydrogen utilization in automobilesrelates to hydrogen utilization in automobiles

The Hydrogen Fuel Cell System utilizes The Hydrogen Fuel Cell System utilizes electrochemical energy yielding water as electrochemical energy yielding water as exhaust exhaust

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First, How Does a Hydrogen Fuel First, How Does a Hydrogen Fuel Cell Work?Cell Work?

Hydrogen Consists of 1 proton and 1 electron Hydrogen Consists of 1 proton and 1 electron orbiting that proton.orbiting that proton.

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How Does a Hydrogen Fuel Cell How Does a Hydrogen Fuel Cell Work?Work?

Hydrogen gas enters anodeHydrogen gas enters anode At the same time oxygen enters cathodeAt the same time oxygen enters cathode Catalysts causes H to splitCatalysts causes H to split Protons go through the proton exchange Protons go through the proton exchange

membrane and electrons go through circuit membrane and electrons go through circuit to power motorto power motor

Protons, electrons, oxygen recombine to Protons, electrons, oxygen recombine to form waterform water

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Moving on to the Benefits of Moving on to the Benefits of Hydrogen Fuel CellsHydrogen Fuel Cells

Experience with fuel cells alreadyExperience with fuel cells already-NASA-NASA

Abundance of HydrogenAbundance of Hydrogen-2/3 of the planet is water 2/3 of water is -2/3 of the planet is water 2/3 of water is hydrogenhydrogen

Ensures more stable economy, the abundance Ensures more stable economy, the abundance offers less energy cost fluctuationoffers less energy cost fluctuation

Reduction of CO2 emissionsReduction of CO2 emissions Only by-product is waterOnly by-product is water

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Benefits of Hydrogen Fuel CellsBenefits of Hydrogen Fuel Cells

Hydrogen manufacture can be Hydrogen manufacture can be environmentally friendlyenvironmentally friendly

Lessons global warmingLessons global warming Reduction in health problemsReduction in health problems Energy dependence on foreign nations is Energy dependence on foreign nations is

reducedreduced Can be more efficientCan be more efficient

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Benefits of Hydrogen Fuel CellsBenefits of Hydrogen Fuel Cells

Very appealing to consumersVery appealing to consumers In fact, it is already becoming a reality in In fact, it is already becoming a reality in

CaliforniaCalifornia

TO THE LEFT shows 15 Hydrogen stations in operation and 9 that are planned in California

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Now, the Other Side of the Story: Now, the Other Side of the Story: Problems with Hydrogen Fuel CellsProblems with Hydrogen Fuel Cells

Hydrogen may be abundant in water on Hydrogen may be abundant in water on Earth but it is not directly available like Earth but it is not directly available like Oxygen isOxygen is

There are no hydrogen pipelines and there There are no hydrogen pipelines and there are only 15 stations in the ENTIRE countryare only 15 stations in the ENTIRE country

Very difficult to distributeVery difficult to distribute Very difficult to storeVery difficult to store Very difficult to transportVery difficult to transport

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HYDROGEN STORAGE SYSTEM = $$$$$

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Problems with Hydrogen Fuel CellsProblems with Hydrogen Fuel Cells

There are hydrogen reformers that convert There are hydrogen reformers that convert other fuels like gasoline to hydrogen other fuels like gasoline to hydrogen

-These reformers emit pollution and -These reformers emit pollution and still still use fossil fuels as fuel sourceuse fossil fuels as fuel source

- Also reduce hydrogen efficiency- Also reduce hydrogen efficiency This problem cannot be ignored and leads This problem cannot be ignored and leads

many to look toward other viable fuel many to look toward other viable fuel sources using similar technologysources using similar technology

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Solutions to the ProblemsSolutions to the Problems

Many say there are too many problems with Many say there are too many problems with this technology for it to be viablethis technology for it to be viable

Incentives for gas stations to start offering Incentives for gas stations to start offering hydrogen along with gasoline (subsidies, tax hydrogen along with gasoline (subsidies, tax breaks)breaks)

To take care of transportation, reformers To take care of transportation, reformers should be located close to hydrogen fuel should be located close to hydrogen fuel stationsstations

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HYDROGEN FUEL DISPENSOR

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Solutions to the ProblemsSolutions to the Problems New studies have show alternate fuels other New studies have show alternate fuels other

than hydrogen would be as efficientthan hydrogen would be as efficient-Methanol, propane, natural gas-Methanol, propane, natural gas

Increase investment in research and Increase investment in research and development….big time.development….big time.

A methanol fueled automobile developed by Daimler Chrysler

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Concluding RemarksConcluding Remarks Supporters of hydrogen fuel cells are much too Supporters of hydrogen fuel cells are much too

optimistic and are having difficulty thinking optimistic and are having difficulty thinking realisticallyrealistically

Opposition is too quick to dismiss this as actually Opposition is too quick to dismiss this as actually being a viable fuel sourcebeing a viable fuel source

These two groups need to begin working together These two groups need to begin working together to solve the problemsto solve the problems

-The government should act as a liaison -The government should act as a liaison between the two in order to encourage between the two in order to encourage

progress progress

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Concluding RemarksConcluding Remarks

There is not nearly enough being done nowThere is not nearly enough being done now Action must be taken immediately by all Action must be taken immediately by all

groups in order to make this fuel source groups in order to make this fuel source viable and prevent the economic viable and prevent the economic implications previously mentionedimplications previously mentioned

Must be a collaboration between, Must be a collaboration between, government, universities, national research government, universities, national research laboratories etc. in order for this to be viablelaboratories etc. in order for this to be viable

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WORKS CITEDWORKS CITED

1) Bitsche, Otmar, and Gutmann, Guenter. 2004. Systems for hybrid cars. Journal of Power Sources. 127: 8-15.2) Smith, Chris Llewellyn. The need for fusion. Fusion Engineering and Design. 74: 3-8.3) Johnston, Brenda, and Mayo, Michael C. 2005. Hydrogen: the energy source for the 21st century. Technovation. 25: 569-585.4) Ahluwali, Rajesh K, Wang, X., and Rousseau, A. 2005. Fuel economy of hybrid fuel-cell vehicles. Journal of Power Sources. 152: 233-244.5) The United States Department of Energy. "Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy". 2006. <http://www.eere.energy.gov/hydrogenandfuelcells/fuelcells/fc_types.html> (8 March 2006)6) Elsvier Science Ltd. 2003. Nickel alloy catalyst for cheap "green" hydrogen. Fuel Cell Bulletin. 9: 3.7) Agrawal, Rakesh.  "Engineers face major challenges to make fuel cell cars reality".  2005. <http://news.uns.purdue.edu/html4ever/2005/050510.Agrawal.fuelcells.html> (8 March 2006)8) Colella, W.G., Jacobson, M. Z., and Golden, D.M. 2005. Switching to a U.S. hydrogen fuel cell vehicle fleet: The resultant change in emissions, energy use and greenhouse gases. Journal of Power Sources. 150: 150-181.9) Joffe, D., Hart, D., and Bauen, A. 2004. Modeling of hydrogen infrastructure for vehicle refueling in London. Journal of Power Sources. 131: 13-22.10) Jeong, Kwi Seong, and Oh, Byeong Soo. 2002. Fuel economy and life-cycle cost analysis of a fuel cell hybrid vehicle. Journal of Power Sources. 105: 58-65.11)  MotorsSM. (2005). http://www.motorsm.com/AUS/cars/green/default.htm) (8 March 2006).12)  Hydrogen Cars. (2005) www.hydrogen-cars.biz/hydrogen-highway.htm (8 March 2006).13)  Hallock, John L., Tharakan, Pradeep J., Hall, Charles, A.S., Jefferson, Michael., Wu, Wei. 2005. Forecasting the limits to the availability and diversity of global conventional oil supply. Energy. 30: 2017-2018.14)  Ivanhoe L. F. "Future World Oil Supplies: There is a finite limit". 1995 <http://dieoff.org/page85.htm> (2 April 2006).15)  Energy Information Division, United States Government. "United States Oil Consumption by Product". 2006. <http://www.eia.doe.gov/pub/oil_gas/petroleum/analysis_publications/oil_market_basics/Demand_text.htm> (4 April 2006).  16)   Nice, Karim. " How Fuel Cells Work". 2005. <http://www.howstuffworks.com/fuel-cell.htm> (5 April 2006).