Hydrogen-Fuel Cells: “OMG They Work! Now...

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Fall 2013 Volume 5 Issue 3 Electronic Newsletter

Hydrogen-Fuel Cells: “OMG They Work! Now What?” What’s Happening? In some quarters of the hydrogen-fuel cell community today there is an undercurrent of frustration, or disheart-edness that this set of revolutionary, game changing technologies are not moving to the market place as quickly as expected or desired. The benefits are clear for the environment and reduced petroleum usage as de-scribed so clearly in National Academy and other studies. Investments by major auto OEMs are continuing as ag-gressively as ever. “In field” experience such as GM’s Pro-ject Driveway and those of other OEMs are creating reams of testimonials, durability and performance are being proven. Learning curves and technology roadmaps show that fuel cell propulsion will, at the very least, be cheaper in volume than mild hybrids or regulatory com-pliant diesels with which they must compete in the fu-ture. Auto OEMs are teaming up to drive the volume and share learning to speed up and make more robust vol-ume vehicle introductions (as opposed to demos). ZEV, fuel economy and CO2 requirements remain in place as daunting goals for competitive technologies. Hydrogen is now in the process of demonstrating it’s ability to store the mass of ever growing excess renewable energy in Germany. Fuel cell fork lift trucks are moving into ware-houses and factories worldwide, and back up power sys-tems are being fielded in ever growing numbers. And yet, there is a restlessness in the community. Engineers and scientists are seeing the technical metrics they’ve set be-ing accomplished. Policy wonks, prognosticators and fu-turists are unsure what to say since there doesn’t seem to be a unified march to hydrogen and fuel cells. The fol-lowing short thought paper will take a thumbnail view of some history of similar disruptive technologies to sug-gest some of the elements and occurrences that should be expected in this ragged journey going forward. The

bottom line is that the introduction and market success of true disruptive technologies are messy, hard to predict and do not occur in an orderly, cadenced or even pre-dictable fashion. But, if the hydrogen-fuel cell technology is real as we believe it is , and if the projected benefits are real vs. those of competing options, as we believe these are, then a quick review of history will give us a sense of the types of enablers, events and situations which will be part of the revolution we all hope for, believe in, and are anticipating. The following short, basically outline, will touch on the impediments our hugely, massively, disrup-tive technology is facing, and suggest a mixed bag of twelve elements from similar history, many of which will play key roles in the eventual fulfillment of hydrogen-fuel cell technology in the marketplace. Examples and short assertions will be posited, but not elaborated on , due to space considerations. The intent is not to write an aca-demic paper, but to stimulate your creative thought and action as to how we as a community and individuals can make this revolution happen most quickly, effectively and ultimately profitably. Continued on page 2

IN THIS ISSUE Page 5—Hydrogen News of Interest Page 9—Research Group Highlights 4—IJHE Highlights Page 16—Hydrogen Economy Page 18—From the Bookshelf Page 19—Student Chapter News Page 20—National Organization News Page 21—Upcoming Meetings & Activities Page 22—Conference Spotlight Page 24—Get Connected

Hydrogen-Fuel Cells: “OMG They Work! Now What? continued

Truly Massively Disruptive It is hard to conceive a more massively disruptive advent then hydrogen-Fuel Cells considering they are poised to cause disruption in four major existing industries. The in-dustries are: 1. The auto industry, 2. The oil, gas and coal industries ( the Energies), 3. The Electric Utilities ( through enablement of renewables and distributed generation thru volume capable storage and smart-grids) ,and, 4. The Supply Bases to all of the above. A quick glance at the Fortune 500 reveals that this por-tends a massive multi-trillion dollar economic reordering. This will happen neither easily nor quickly. Fates of whole industries, companies, and to a large degree, even some countries hang in the balance. Push back, delay, over-analysis, procrastination for multiple reasons, anger, dis-tain, and protectionist government lobbying should all be expected given the consequences for all involved. For ref-erence, check the dramatic changes in the Fortune 500 following the invention of the transistor through the de-velopment of the internet. THE EVENTUAL DYNAMICS AND TIMING OF THIS MAS-SIVE REVOLUTION WILL BE DETERMINED BY FOUR MA-JOR FACTORS: 1. The ability to satisfy market (consumer) reactions, bi-

ases, preferences with compelling products. 2. The ability to bring both vehicles and fueling infra-

structure into the field together. 3. The ability to overcome the “valley of death,” i.e. the

cumulative losses involved in developing, bringing to market, and creating the necessary volume to yield profitable products; as well as exiting previous capital-izations and corporate capabilities while investing in and developing new ones. For hydrogen-fuel cells, the “valley” is more difficult because the vehicle and infra-structure must both be developed simultaneously.

4. The ability to overcome internal organizational obsta-cles in ongoing enterprises based on the need to do business in the existing world while underwriting the enabling investments into the future.

Such situations have happened before, most recently and notably in the electronics, software and computer indus-tries. Some examples and generalizations will help us see to the degree we can, some of the key ingredients that will likely be involved. Hopefully such insights will help fuel our collective and individual creativity as we move

from basically proof of principal to full blown industrial transformation. TWELVE HISTORICALLY OBSERVED KEY INGREDIENTS: 1. GREAT LEADERSHIP This is an absolute necessity. Some examples are: -Thomas J Watson Jr. taking IBM from a mechanical com-pany to a computer company when many were predicting a market of a few 10’s of computers for solely govern-ment defense uses. -Bill Gates acting on the modular architecture enabled by the IBM PC. -Steve Jobs developing and acting on an uncanny sense of what consumers would like or desire -Gordon Moore, Bob Noyce, and Andy Grove leaving Fairchild Industries and forming Intel based on their con-viction of what the integrated circuit that Noyce had in-vented would eventually mean (Moore’s Law). For hydrogen-fuel cells, who will emerge as the defining leaders? That remains to be seen, but they will and must emerge. 2. ACTING ON THE VISION, and not letting the needs of the “sustaining business” delay the products of the future. Negative examples are: RCA, the dominant electronics giant which had CMOS technology but didn’t seriously implement. Kodak which had the capability to do digital photography and chose not to for profit margin reasons. Or, Fairchild Industries who lost the Intel founders. To date, the auto fuel cell-invested OEMs have continued to stay the course in enabling technology with large on-going investments, but daily it’s a demanding balance by senior leaders to determine that proper balance, particu-larly as the cost of the next step includes losses on initial products on the market place. However, their delays in driving to volume products is in the process of opening doors to new automotive start ups, like Tesla, as the ad-vent of fuel cells and electric drive lower the barriers to entry due to the removal of environmental, drivability, du-rability-reliability core knowledge needed to make ICEs, Diesels and transmission-based powertrains fulfill the pro-gressively more stringent environmental requirements and consumer expectations. Continued on page 3

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3. LEARN AND REFINE IN THE MARKET A good example might be Apple’s Newton which was the precursor to today’s handheld devices, which was a fail-ure, but provided the insights on what a successful product needed to be. The Jobs-less Apple withdrew, only to reenter many years later under Jobs. An automotive example might be that Tesla is showing success in the market by building on the approach and learning derived from GM’s EV1. The current fuel cell invested auto compa-nies have learned and are digesting and refining customer approaches based on the many structured demos and early learning focused small volume product offerings as a basis of upcoming products. The test for the winners will be the will and ability to continue to develop the market and refine products to customer needs, tastes and experi-ences, while losing money in the “valley of death.” This is one key place where industry-defining great leaders will emerge. 4. COMBINE PRODUCTION VOLUMES TO REDUCE LOSSES OF THE “VALLEY OF DEATH” This is already happening with the three super teams of Toyota-BMW, Daimler-Ford-Nissan, and GM-Honda. An-other entry to this will be discussed later under the Modularity heading. 5. GOVERNMENT SUPPORT Japanese government support in developing a semicon-ductor industry to compete with that of the US is a strong and successful example. In the emerging hydrogen-fuel cell world, Germany, Japan and Korea are notably moving forward ( the later two should be particularly ef-fective with “closed” auto markets as a learning arena for future product exports). 6. GOVERNMENT REGULATIONS An auto example is illustrative, namely the move to un-leaded gasoline or the low sulphur fuel specifications. As for hydrogen-fuel cell, ZEV, Fuel Economy, EU CO2 and electric grid renewable percentage requirements are all in place and will help drive the changes. 7. GOVERNMENT AS AN EARLY MARKET Examples are the early integrated circuits which were sup-ported through the initial “valley of death” by purchases by the US military, particularly the Minuteman strategic missile program, or the commercial Internet which grew out of the US government ARPA-Net program connecting

university researchers. For fuel cells, will postal services, military on-base vehicles, New York City or Tokyotaxis, or others help create this opportunity? 8. NECESSITY DRIVEN COMPANIES WITH DIMINISHING MARKETS AND STRONG CAPABILITIES ENTER THE COM-PETITION An example would be LG Industries exiting the VHS tape market as it collapsed, building on their surface deposi-tion technology base to enter the TV and other markets aggressively. For hydrogen and fuel cells, are suppliers to current in-dustries who are at risk of being displaced potential strong new entrants? 9. MODULARITY Modularity in designs creates new opportunities and bal-ances of power within an industry. An example is the IBM PC architecture which became the basic industry standard enabling Microsoft and Intel in particular to dominate the industry while the PC companies became relegated to a large degree to packagers, marketers. Fuel cell and battery Electric Drive propelled vehicles have intrinsic modularities, which when carried to their logical conclusion as in the GM Autonomy concept, are likely to disrupt the OEM-supply base balance through modular-scalable subsystems which are software tunable. In addi-tion, the quiet, smooth, no vibration, instant torque , characteristics of electric drive will certainly cause a re-think of what is a premium vehicle, as evidenced by the customer satisfaction responses to the Tesla and Volt product offerings. In the hydrogen-fuel cell world, who will emerge as new mega-dominant players in the OEM-supplier hierarchy based on the intrinsic and projected new modularity op-portunities, and exploiting the additional combined vol-umes at suppliers to drive the cost curve and make more efficient use of capital? 10. Bundling Technologies and features bundled to provide better, simpler, more satisfying customer experiences often ac-celerate or enable market acceptance. A current example is the iPhone, due to it’s compelling bundling of iTunes, iBooks ,email, photography and other capabilities. Continued on page 4

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For hydrogen and fuel cells, will vehicle-home fueling as Honda has suggested help bridge the “chicken and egg car-infrastructure” conundrum and speed up market development? Or, will a bundled GPS-App-Car enabled mobile hydrogen delivery service directly to the car solve the early fueling conundrum while adding to customer convenience, as Larry Burns has explored? Will storing and exporting power back to the grid through smart grids change the structure and economics of the utility grid network, particularly as renewables are stored in mass as distributed hydrogen or in underground cav-erns comes into play? How about self driving-shared vehicles? At any rate, it will be the full suite of features which will determine winners and losers in the marketplace. 11. LEARN-GROW IN FROM THE LOW END OF THE MAR-KET Successful disruptive technologies as described by Clay Christensen in his classic book, “The Innovator’s Dilem-ma,” often enter in at the low, less demanding end of the market and learn and grow their way in, while incumbents fail to adapt, see, or act on the opportunity. For Hydrogen and fuel cells, will companies like Hydro-genics , Plug Power or ITM, among many examples, with their selected smaller market initiatives like fork lifts or cell phone back up, continue their growth and become the dominant players of the future? 12. INVENT A NEW TECHNOLOGY WITH EVEN BETTER CHARACTERISTICS An example of this is the Invention of CMOS Integrated Circuit technology (low power enabling) which Intel ex-ploited so rapidly and successfully, while RCA built some for the government mostly and companies like Texas In-struments stayed with T2L logic for an extended period. Are companies like ACAL Energy with a unique non-

platinum liquid cathode prove to have the ultimate ena-bling technology or will others, either in research, or exit-ing the lab provide that needed additional capability or feature to accelerate or extend the market? (author notes he is a board member for ACAL Energy). CONCLUSION As we in the fuel cell-hydrogen community think about “where to from here?”, as hopefully illustrated, though in very sketchy terms, the development of the technology and an understanding of it’s massive benefits is just the beginning. The path forward will be highlighted by both small and audacious successes, as well as littered with fail-ures and heartbreaks. Threatened companies and individ-uals will find creative ways to slow down or disrupt pro-gress. New companies will arise, old companies will disap-pear. Customer-OEM-supplier hierarchies will be re-defined and new products with new features and bundled attributes will appear. Fortunes will be made. Fortunes will be lost. The introduction of hydrogen-fuel cell technology products, continued development and refinement of both the technologies and product attributes, as learnings are developed through experiences of real customers will take time, money, great leadership, persistence, creativity, hopefully government support and yes, for the winners a more than a little luck and good timing. But for all of us, we have the unique opportunity to help create, shape and participate in a historic and amazing revolution, which, if we are successful will create not only a better, cleaner fu-ture for our kids and grandkids but whole new businesses and enterprises in a very different world. The good news is that the process of creating the enabling technology base, and preliminary market understandings is just tran-sitioning in a meaningful way to market entry. What an exciting, hopeful, frustratingly ambiguous, fun time to bring forth our very best efforts and creativity! -Byron McCormick

About Byron McCormick Dr. McCormick has had a broad career in electronics, aerospace and automotive research, develop-ment and bringing product to market. He worked at General Motors as the Managing Director of Delco Propulsion systems, which developed, and brought to market the propulsion system and subsystems for GM's EV1 electric car. Dr. McCormick founded GM's Global Alternative Propulsion Center, which had responsibility for all activities related to Hydrogen and Fuel Cells within the Cor-poration. Retiring from GM, he has continued to work in the field of sustainable energy through the consulting firm Prepared Minds International, which he formed in 2009. His PhD is in electrical engineering from the University of Arizona.

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US Energy Department Announces New Investment to Reduce Fuel Cell Costs In support of the Obama Administration's all-of-the-above strategy to develop clean, domestic energy sources, the Energy Department today announced a $4.5 million investment in two projects—led by Minnesota-based 3M and the Colorado School of Mines—to lower the cost, im-prove the durability, and increase the efficiency of next-generation fuel cell systems. This investment is a part of the Energy Department's commitment to maintain Ameri-can leadership in innovative clean energy technologies, give American businesses more options to cut energy costs, and reduce our reliance on imported oil. “

Fuel cell technologies have an important role to play in diversifying America's transportation sector, reducing our dependence on foreign oil, and curbing harmful carbon pollution," said Assistant Secretary for Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy David Danielson. "By partnering with private industry and universities, we can help ad-vance affordable fuel cell technologies that save consum-ers money and give drivers more options while creating jobs in this growing global industry."

Over the last decade, the Energy Department has invested in research and development projects to improve the effi-ciency and lower the costs of fuel cells. This research has helped decrease the amount of platinum used in catalysts by a factor of five and reduced the costs of transportation fuel cells by more than 80% since 2002. Projects such as these have led to more than 400 patents, 65 pre-commercial technologies, and nearly 40 commercial tech-nologies in the market—positioning the nation as a global leader in the emerging fuel cell industry.

Building on these efforts, the projects announced today will continue research and development work aimed at making cost-effective, high-performing fuel cell mem-branes that can operate under hotter and drier conditions. For example, 3M will receive $3 million to focus on devel-oping innovative fuel cell membranes with improved du-rability and performance using processes which are easily

scalable to commercial size. The Colorado School of Mines will receive $1.5 million to develop advanced hybrid membranes for cutting edge, next-generation fuel cells that are simpler and more affordable and able to operate at higher temperatures.

Source: US Department of Energy

Five Hyundai ix35 Fuel Cell Cars to Arrive in the UK Under the London Hydrogen Network Expansion Emission-free hydrogen powered vehicles will soon be operating in London. It is the intention that five Hyundai ix35 Fuel Cell models – the first production fuel cell cars in the world – will be an integral part of the London Hydro-gen Network Expansion (LNHE) project. Hyundai Motor, as a supplier to the LHNE project, will join the existing consortium of companies with expertise in hydrogen transport infrastructure and operation, working to establish the UK’s first hydrogen transport network covering London and south east England. The LHNE pro-ject, a government-backed initiative co-funded by the Technology Strategy Board, will put hydrogen-fuelled ve-hicles into daily business use and deliver the refuelling infrastructure to support their operation. These fuel cell vehicles will be leased to key public and private fleet users in the capital. They are among the first of 1,000 examples that Hyundai has committed to pro-duce between now and 2015 and are built on the same production line, in Ulsan, Korea, as the Tucson. The majority of those 1,000 cars will be available in Europe where the European Commission has established a num-ber of schemes, such as the Fuel Cells and Hydrogen Joint Undertaking (FCH JU), to promote the use of hydrogen as an energy carrier with zero carbon content. Three additional stations for London are planned by 2015, by which time it is expected that the number of fuel cell vehicles in the city will have risen ten-fold from the initial five to at least 50 or more including passenger cars, buses and scooters. Source: FuelCell Today

HYDROGEN news of interest

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Fuel Cells Now Outselling Conven-tional Micro-CHP Technologies For the first time ever, fuel cells have become the most common technology employed in micro-CHP (Combined heat and power) systems sold today. Until 2012, the glob-al micro-CHP market was dominated by products pow-ered by combustion engines but according to industry analysts Delta-ee, residential fuel cell now accounts for 64% of global unit sales. This represents a doubling of this technology's market share since 2011. Even in a harsh economic climate, 2012 ended up a land-mark year for the global micro-CHP industry, with a large increase in total annual sales. This growth is being driven mainly by Japan and to a lesser extent Germany, which together account for more than 90% of those yearly sales. Changes in the political and regulatory landscape in Japan and Germany - both of which support a move towards decentralized energy generation - have been critical fac-tors behind market growth. Japan is leading in residential fuel cell micro-CHP, although Germany should start con-tributing with sales within the next two years. If micro-CHP fulfills its potential, the manufacturers and develop-ers in Japan and Germany will be best positioned to be-come the global leaders in the industry. Micro-CHP enables consumers to heat their homes and simultaneously generate low carbon electricity that can be used within the home or exported to the grid. It can save consumers money and contribute to Europe's transition to a low carbon economy, whilst also supporting the growth of renewables, heat pumps and electric vehicles, by better balancing supply and demand and helping to stabilize the electricity grid. Source: FuelCell Today Aberdeen Hydrogen Fuel Plans Launched Aberdeen (Scotland) City Council announced ambitious plans to develop Europe’s oil capital as a center of excel-lence in the creation of new hydrogen technologies. As part of the drive Councilor Barney Crockett, the leader of the city council, launched the authority’s new hydrogen

strategy framework aimed at helping diversify the city’s existing energy expertise. Councilor Crockett, speaking on the opening day of the All Energy exhibition and conference in the city, said: “Aberdeen City Council is determined to define the image of an international 21st Century energy city and to lead a leaner, cleaner industrial revolution. Hydrogen technology and transport will play a large part in that vision and the council and its partners have a strong role to play in real-izing that vision.” He continued: “Aberdeen is world-famous for its expertise in offshore oil and gas production. Those skills are finding root in offshore renewables. We’re now adding the third component – a hydrogen economy. It’s a message we will be sending out far and wide, and all will be welcome to come to play a part. “The launch of this strategy framework is an extremely important step. This is Aberdeen laying out its aspirations and intentions for creating a hydrogen economy in Aber-deen. It is a crucial step towards Aberdeen becoming a world-leading, smart energy city. I firmly believe this doc-ument, combined with our exciting ongoing hydrogen demonstration projects will stimulate further innovative hydrogen technology initiatives and attract even more high-level investment to this city.” The initiative was praised by Ed Davey, the UK Energy Sec-retary. He said: “It’s great to see Aberdeen is giving hydro-gen the green light. A hydrogen strategy for the city will accelerate growth in the hydrogen energy and fuel cell market. Source: Scotsman DfT Publishes ‘Action for Roads: A Network for the 21st Century’ The UK Department for Transport (DfT) has published a new paper entitled ‘Action for Roads: A network for the 21st century’. The paper sets out the UK Government’s long-term ambition for the country’s roads both in terms of building and maintaining the network and also in en-suring the UK is a world leader in the deployment of ultra-low emission vehicles (ULEVs).


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Fuel cells and hydrogen form an integral part of this strat-egy, with the report stating ‘As technology develops, ul--low emission vehicles (ULEVs), including pure electric ve-hicles, plug-in hybrids and fuel cell electric vehicles, will play an increasing role in the way we travel. These vehicles are now starting to come onto the market in significant numbers, and in the coming decade will become a com-mon sight.’ On the topic of building a hydrogen refueling infrastruc-ture, the report adds ‘An important part of managing the road network over the next thirty years will be preparing the infrastructure for a shift to these new types of vehicles. In the years ahead there is likely to be a need for wide-reaching networks of rapid charge-points and hydrogen refueling stations. The expansion of such infrastructure across the strategic road network will encourage consum-er adoption of ULEVs. While much of the investment is likely to come from the private sector, there may well be a role for government in supporting this in the early years – as demonstrated by the recent announcement of 37 mil-lion of government funding for plug-in vehicle charging infrastructure across the UK.’ It is encouraging that the DfT recognizes the role govern-ments can play in financially supporting the initial rollout of hydrogen stations; something it will be aware of due to its participation in the on-going UKH2Mobility project. Source: FuelCell Today

Bank of America Merrill Lynch Pro-vides Fuel Cell Leasing Program for Bloom Customers Bloom Energy has announced the launch of a new leasing program with Bank of America Merrill Lynch (BofA Merrill) for business customers to finance Bloom Energy projects that will generate clean, reliable, on-site power at custom-er facilities. The program streamlines customer deploy-ment of Bloom Energy Servers and eliminates the need for an upfront capital investment. BofA Merrill has made a multi-million dollar commitment to the program’s two initial projects —TaylorMade-adidas Golf Company manu-facturing facility in Carlsbad, CA and Honda Center in An-aheim, CA, home to the National Hockey League’s Ana-heim Ducks. The two entities will use Bloom Energy’s clean energy technology to power their facilities.

“Bank of America Merrill Lynch has been a leader in providing capital and investment solutions for clean ener-gy deployment,” said Bill Kurtz, Chief Financial & Com-mercial Officer of Bloom Energy. “This program demon-strates the value in Bloom’s technology for customers and organizations looking for ways to invest and support the transition to a clean energy future.” The multi-million dollar commitment is part of the Bank of America’s $50 billion environmental business initiative, which delivers lending, equipment finance, capital markets and advisory activities, and carbon markets finance to cli-ents around the world to help address global climate change and demands on natural resources. “Our company has a long history of supporting innovation in energy and developing financing mechanisms to make clean energy more accessible,” said Paul Omohundro, head of Global Vendor Finance for BofA Merrill. “This pro-gram extends the impact of the bank’s commitment to focusing on environmental issues and empowers other organizations to deploy clean energy on a large scale.” “The Bloom project enhances our operations and reduces our carbon emissions while we remain focused on our main goal to deliver innovative high performance prod-ucts,” said Andy Stenz, Facilities Director, TaylorMade-adidas Golf Company. “Through the Bank of America leas-ing program, we can use our existing budget to support the Bloom project and realize benefits immediately.” “We strive to be a progressive leader in our industry and are proud to be the second sports and entertainment are-na to utilize this innovative technology,” said Michael Schulman, Chairman of the Board of Honda Center, Home of the Anaheim Ducks. “Working with Bloom Energy al-lows us to immediately reduce our carbon emissions, while continuing to provide the outstanding entertain-ment environment our fans have come to expect.” This financing is a continuation of Bloom Energy's Bloom Electrons scheme, which was first launched in January 2011. Source: Bloom Energy


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Honda and GM to Collaborate on Fuel Cell Vehicles General Motors Co. and Honda Motor Co. announced in July they will jointly develop a next-generation hydrogen fuel cell vehicle powertrain for use by both automakers around 2020 — the latest joint effort to reduce costs and commercialize the zero-emission technology.

The two automakers announced in New York they have signed a long-term, definitive master agreement to co-develop next-generation fuel cell system and hydrogen storage technologies “aiming for the 2020 time frame. The collaboration expects to succeed by sharing expertise, economies of scale and common sourcing strategies,” the Detroit and Japanese automakers said in a joint state-ment. They will also work to improve hydrogen refueling options.

Neither would announce any price targets or more specif-ics of what the vehicle might look like in 2020.

Honda and Toyota Motor Corp. both have said they plan to sell hydrogen fuel cell vehicles in 2015, while GM hasn’t announced its production plans. GM vice chairman Steve Girsky declined to say when GM might start selling vehi-cles, but denied a suggestion that the company is “far be-hind” competitors.

Honda plans to launch the successor of FCX Clarity in Ja-pan and the United States in 2015, and then in Europe. Despite decades of work and promises of wide scale use, there are only a few hundred test vehicles on the roads in U.S., including some buses.

“This collaboration builds upon Honda and GM’s strengths as leaders in hydrogen fuel cell technology,” said Dan Akerson, GM chairman and CEO. “We are con-vinced this is the best way to develop this important tech-nology, which has the potential to help reduce the de-pendence on petroleum and establish sustainable mobili-ty.”

Honda engineers will be stationed in Pontiac to work with GM’s fuel cell team, while GM engineers will work along-side Honda engineers in Japan. The automakers could jointly build vehicles, but no decision has been made. Both automakers expect to build separate vehicles with

the same technology.

Takanobu Ito, president and CEO of Honda Motor Co. Ltd., said: “Among all zero CO2 emission technologies, fuel cell electric vehicles have a definitive advantage with range and refueling time that is as good as conventional gasoline cars. Honda and GM are eager to accelerate the market penetration of this ultimate clean mobility tech-nology, and I am excited to form this collaboration to fuse our leading fuel cell technologies and create an advanced system that will be both more capable and more afforda-ble.”

In January, Ford Motor Co., Nissan Motor Co. and Daimler AG announced an agreement to develop a common auto-mobile fuel cell system, with the goal of producing the first mass-market fuel-cell vehicles as early as 2017. The automakers said they will collaborate on a global program across three continents in an effort to signal to suppliers, policymakers and the industry the seriousness of develop-ing an emission-free technology.

Also in January, Toyota and BMW Group agreed to devel-op components for fuel-cell vehicles. GM and Toyota in 1999 had an information sharing partnership on fuel cells, but not as elaborate as GM and Honda’s. In 2005, BMW joined Honda and GM in working jointly on fuel cell tech-nologies.

Tetsuo Iwamura, president, American Honda Motor Co., praised the two automakers work on fuel cells previously as “an exchange of technologies and components. Since then, we have maintained a strong relationship with engi-neers from our companies exchanging opinions about the future of cars and alternative fuels,” he said.

GM and Honda will work to boost refueling infrastructure, since there are only a handful of fueling stations — mostly in California.

Girsky said fuel cell vehicles still face issues.

“The cost of such technology has not come down as far as it must to become more commercially viable,” Girsky said. “We also face the challenge of the lack of infrastructure to support a hydrogen-based automotive transportation model. GM and Honda will work together with govern-ments and other stakeholders to further advance a new


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refueling infrastructure, which is critical for the long-term viability and consumer acceptance of fuel cell vehicles.”

The Obama administration has shifted its focus on alter-native energy, instead moving more resources to electric vehicles after the Bush administration spent $1.2 billion on the development of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles. It pro-posed big cuts in hydrogen research funding.

Much of the push for fuel cell vehicles is being prompted by California’s requirement that automakers build zero emission vehicles. But in May, the Energy Department launched H2USA — a new public-private partnership fo-cused on advancing hydrogen infrastructure to support more transportation energy options for U.S. consumers, including fuel cell electric vehicles. The partnership in-cludes major automakers, government agencies, gas sup-pliers, and the hydrogen and fuel cell industries to coordi-nate research and identify cost-effective solutions to de-ploy infrastructure.

The Energy Department says research has helped reduce automotive fuel cell costs by more than 35 percent since 2008 and by more than 80 percent since 2002. At the same time, fuel cell durability has doubled and the amount of expensive platinum needed in fuel cells has fallen by 80 percent since 2005.

In 2008, the National Academies of Science said the Unit-ed States needs to invest $200 billion in new fueling sta-tions and research to speed up the development and widespread use of hydrogen-powered fuel-cell vehicles. That figure includes about $55 billion in government funding through 2023.

In fuel-cell vehicles, the fuel cell stack converts hydrogen gas with oxygen into electricity to power an electric mo-tor. Fuel-cell vehicles emit only heat and water, but pro-duction costs, storage systems, public acceptance and du-rability remain major hurdles for automakers.

GM’s Project Driveway program, launched in 2007, has accumulated nearly 3 million miles of real-world driving in a fleet of 119 hydrogen-powered vehicles. GM said in 2007 it planned to have a 1,000-fuel cell vehicle fleet on the roads around 2012, but scrapped that timetable.

Honda began leasing of the Honda FCX in 2002 and has deployed 85 vehicles in the U.S. and Japan, including its successor, the FCX Clarity, which was named the 2009 World Green Car.

Source: The Detroit News: http://www.detroitnews.com/article/20130702/AUTO0103/307020061#ixzz2dC8Yc2cc


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Research Group highlights Research Activities at University of Picardie Jules Verne and CNRS Research activities in Professor Alejandro A. Franco's group at the Laboratoire de Réactivité et de Chimie des Solides (LRCS), Université de Picardie Jules Verne and CNRS (Amiens, France), are devoted to the deep understanding of the operation principles of electrochemical devices for energy conversion and storage, including H2-feed Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cells (PEMFCs), PEM Water Electrolyzers (PEMWEs), rechargeable Lithium Ion and Metal Air Bat-teries (LIBs and MABs) and supercapacitors (SCs). Prof. Franco's group approach consists in developing novel multiphysics, multiscale and multiparadigm models describing the materials, components and devices behavior in conditions representative of real applications, and closing the gap between the materials chemical and structural properties and the overall device opera-tion. This approach is articulated in two strongly connected axes:

1. Specific modeling and simulation techniques are used to calculate activity, stability, selectivity, physico-chemical and structural properties of the materials towards electrochemical reactions and transport processes which are

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Research Group highlights cont. relevant for the devices operation. These techniques include: ab initio approach (Density Functional Theory) to predict the electrochemical pathways and associated elementary energetics of the single reaction steps (e.g. Oxygen Reduction Reaction in PEMFCs), Monte Carlo approach to predict the morphology of multimetallic na-noparticles, particularly in relation with degradation and adsorbates-induced reconstruction phenomena (e.g. ca-talyst nanoparticles in PEMFCs), mean-field elementary kinetics approach to predict experimental observables (e.g. electrode potential) as function of the nanostructural and chemical properties of the materials (via the DFT- generated data), Statistical Mechanics approach / nanos-cale electrified interface theory, developed by Prof. Franco himself, to describe the structure under non equilibrium conditions of the electrochemical double layer at the vici-nity of active materials, mesoscopic techniques (e.g. ba-sed on Monte Carlo approach) to predict ("reconstruct") the mesoscale structural properties of the electrodes.

2. Novel algorithms and computational software are developed by integrating the ingredients extracted from the atomistic and molecular approaches in macroscopic electrochemical device models allowing to predict the im-pact the physico-chemical and structural properties of the used materials and components onto the overall cell

response (observables). For more than 11 years, Prof. Franco has been inventing several simulation packages doing this, the most recent one being the computational code “MS LIBER-T” (Multiscale Simulator of Lithium Ion Batteries and Electrochemi-cal Reactor Technologies) devoted to the numerical simulation of electrochemical devices for energy conversion. This software con-stitutes a breakthrough compared to previous models, as it is cod-ed on an independent C + Python programming language basis, highly flexible, modular and portable (it can eventually be coupled to commercial software such as Matlab/Simulink). MS LIBER-T is designed to support direct multiparadigm calculations, for in-stance, simulations coupling on

the fly the numerical resolution of continuum models (e.g. describing charge transport in the porous electrode volume) with discrete models (e.g. Monte Carlo module describing the elementary reaction kinetics). Another novelty in-troduced by MS LIBER-T is its capability of integrating phase field models de-scribing multiphases formation, separation and evolution. This software al-lowed progressing on the understanding of competitions and synergies be-tween detailed electrochemical reactions, transport phenomena and materials degradation mechanisms as function of the materials chemistry and structure. The model supports explicit mathematical descriptions of the feedback be-tween detailed electrochemistry and transport with materials aging mecha-nisms: that means that at each numerical simulation time step, the model de-scribes how the calculated local conditions impact local materials degradation kinetics, simultaneously to how the materials degradation affects, in the next time step, the local conditions. For example, this approach has been used by Prof. Franco’s group for the simulation of PEMFCs by accounting for the feedback between the performance and the cathode carbon catalyst support corrosion, catalyst dissolution, oxidation and ripening, membrane and

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Research Group highlights cont.

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ionomer chemical degradation and contamination reactions (e.g. CO, H2S, NOx, SOx). In a previous work by Prof. Franco’s group, a similar approach has been used to demonstrate that anode CO contamination can be used, under specific operation conditions for the mitigation of cathode carbon corrosion and membrane degradation. Prof. Franco’s group is very actively involved in several international and national collaborations and projects and in dissemination activities in the field of multiscale modeling of electrochemical power generators and PEMFCs. A com-prehensive website, regularly reporting Prof. Franco's group ongoing research and teaching activities on multiscale and multiphysics models of electrochemical power generators is available on www.modeling-electrochemistry.com . Further technical details are provided, and numerous publications and teaching materials are available for download. The website also includes sections devoted to stimulate the curiosity and interest of students in the wonderful field of the physico-chemistry. For more information on the research activities at the University of Picardie Jules Verne and CNRS, you can contact Prof. Alejandro A. Franco, Full professor, Dr. Habil. (H.D.R.) at: Laboratoire de Réactivité et de Chimie des Solides (LRCS), UMR CNRS #7314, Université de Picardie Jules Verne 33, rue Saint Leu - 80039 Amiens, FRANCE Phone: 0033 3 22 82 75 86 Fax: 0033 3 22 82 75 90 [email protected] [email protected] LRCS homepage: http://www.u-picardie.fr/labo/lrcs/ RS2E homepage: http://www.energie-rs2e.com/fr Group homepage: www.modeling-electrochemistry.com

Students Plan Hydrogen Fueling Infrastructure for Northeastern U.S. Kyushu University Team Presents Grand Prize Winning Design at ACT Expo 2013 in Washington On June 25, 2013, the winners of the 2012-2013 Hydrogen Student Design Contest were announced at a session of the Alternative Clean Energy Expo 2013 in Washington D.C. The participating teams were challenged to develop hydrogen fueling infrastructure plans for the Northeast and mid-Atlantic for the 2013-2025 timeframe. 24 teams from the United States, Japan, Great Britain, Bulgaria, Tai-wan, India, and Italy have participated in this year's Contest, hosted by the Hydrogen Education Foundation. Representatives from Mer-cedes-Benz and Toyota announced Kyushu University as the Grand Prize Winner. An honorable mention award was also given to the well-deserved team from the University of Birmingham, Centre for Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Research. "The design from Kyushu University proposes infrastructure development in key urban areas using modular and port-able stations, allowing the build-out of stations and adding sites with growing demand" said Jeff Serfass, President of the Hydrogen Education Foundation. "This cluster approach is used in hydrogen infrastructure development plans in California and abroad and shows much promise for the Northeast as well," Serfass added. The annual Contest, which this year is supported by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory, the Department of Energy, Toyota and Mercedes-Benz, demonstrates the talents of the student teams in the fields of engineering, archi-tecture, marketing, and entrepreneurship. Previous contest winners attracted the funding necessary for project imple-mentation; a hydrogen fueling station at Humboldt State University was opened on September 9, 2008, based on their winning design in the 2005 Contest. As part of their award, the team from Kyushu University received an expense paid trip to the ACT Expo 2013 in Washington, D.C. to present their design in front of industry representatives. For a com-plete list of the submissions, and to see the designs, visit www.hydrogencontest.org. For more information on the Contest, please contact: Emanuel Wagner, Contest Manager Hydrogen Education Foundation [email protected] +1-202-223-5547 x360

About the Hydrogen Student Design Contest Organized by the Hydrogen Education Foundation, the annual Hydrogen Student Design Contest challenges university-level stu-dents to develop innovative solutions to key issues facing the hydrogen and fuel cell industries. The Contest showcases the tal-ents of students in many disciplines, including engineering, architecture, marketing, and entrepreneurship. www.HydrogenContest.org About the Hydrogen Education Foundation The Hydrogen Education Foundation promotes clean hydrogen energy technologies through student scholarships, innovative na-tional competitions, and educational programs to encourage environmental stewardship, improve energy security, and create green jobs. www.HydrogenEducationFoundation.org Source: Press release from www.hydrogencontest.org

2013 Hydrogen Design Contest

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Grand prize winning team from Kyushu University

The International Journal of Hydrogen Energy provides scientists and engineers throughout the world with a central vehicle for the exchange and dissemina-tion of basic ideas in the field of hydrogen energy. The emphasis is placed on original research, both an-alytical and experimental, which is of permanent in-terest to engineers and sci-entists, covering all aspects of hydrogen energy, in-cluding production, stor-age, transmission, utiliza-tion, as well as the eco-nomical, environmental and international aspects. When outstanding new ad-vances are made, or when new areas have been de-veloped to a definitive stage, special review arti-cles will be considered. As a service to readers, an in-ternational bibliography of recent publications in hy-drogen energy is published quarterly.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL of HYDROGEN ENERGY highlights

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Top IJHE Downloads (June 2013 – August 2013)

1. Metal hydride materials for solid hydrogen storage: A review. Sakintuna B, Lamari-darkrim F, Hirscher M. Int J Hydrogen Energy 2007;32(9):1121–1140.

2. A comprehensive review on PEM water electrolysis. Carmo M, Fritz DL, Mergel J, Stolten D. Int J Hydrogen Energy 2013;38(12):4901–4934.

3. Review of the proton exchange membranes for fuel cell applications. Peighambardoust SJ, Rowshanzamir S, Amjadi M. Int J Hydrogen Energy 2010;35(17):9349–9384.

4. Effect of pressure, composition and temperature characteristics on thermal response and overall reaction rates in a metal hydride tank. Wijayanta AT, Nakaso K, Aoki T, Kitazato Y, Fukai J. Int J Hydrogen Energy 2011;36(5):3529–3536.

5. Progress of electrochemical capacitor electrode materials: A review. Zhang Y, Feng H, Wu X, Wang L, Zhang A, Xia T, Dong H, Li X, Zhang L. Int J Hy-drogen Energy 2009;34(11):4889–4899.

6. Photo-electrochemical hydrogen generation from water using solar energy. Materials-related aspects. Bak T, Nowotny J, Rekas M, Sorrell CC. Int J Hydrogen Energy 2002;27(10):991–1022.

Most Cited IJHE Articles (past 5 years)

1. Progress of electrochemical capacitor electrode materials: A review. Zhang Y, Feng H, Wu X, Wang L, Zhang A, Xia T, Dong H, Li X, Zhang L. Int J Hy-drogen Energy 2009;34(11):4889–4899.

2. Biohydrogen as a renewable energy resource—Prospects and poten-tials. Meher Kotay S, Das D. Int J Hydrogen Energy 2008;33(1):258–263.

3. Factors influencing fermentative hydrogen production: A review. Wang J, Wan W. Int J Hydrogen Energy 2009;34(2):799–811.

4. Hydrogen storage in Mg: A most promising material. Jain IP, Lal C, Jain A. Int J Hydrogen Energy 2010;35(10):5133–5144.

5. Potential importance of hydrogen as a future solution to environmen-tal and transportation problems. Balat M. Int J Hydrogen Energy 2008;33(15):4013–4029.

6. Review of the proton exchange membranes for fuel cell applications. Peighambardoust SJ, Rowshanzamir S, Amjadi M. Int J Hydrogen Energy 2010;35(17):9349–9384.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL of HYDROGEN ENERGY highlights of recent publications

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Development of a small fuel cell underwater vehicle -Shih N-C, Weng B-J, Lee J-Y, Hsiao Y-C. Int J Hydrogen Energy 2013;38(25):11138–11143.

Small underwater vehicles are devices driven through water by a propulsion system and maneuverable in three dimen-sions. They are operated to support underwater investigations and assessment, gather data and information from ob-servations of the water column and ocean bottom, or carry out military missions. Stealth is an important factor for an underwater vehicle in littoral operations. A fuel cell hybridized with batteries is a good stealthy power source for air-independent propulsion of the vehicle. This study reported the design, fabrication and testing of a prototype of a small underwater vehicle powered by a proton exchange membrane fuel cell. The fuel cell power system consists of a 1 kW fuel cell stack, hydrogen and oxygen cylinders, lead-acid batteries, a water cooler, solenoid valves, pressure and temperature sensors, and an operational controller. All components are commercially available except for the control-ler in order to reduce cost. The fuel cell system is installed on a home-made one-man underwater vehicle. The test re-sults demonstrate that the vehicle works well at maximum 1.05 knots and confirm the feasibility of the fuel cell system in water. Furthermore, the maximum power of the fuel cell fed by pure oxygen increases 32% compared to when fed by atmospheric air in the test. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0360319913002048

Overview of hydrogen production technologies from biogas and the applications in fuel cells -Alves HJ, Bley Junior C, Niklevicz RR, Frigo EP, Frigo MS, Coimbra-Araújo CH. Int J Hydrogen Energy 2013;38(13):5215–5225.

Traditionally, H2 is a large-scale production by the reforming process of light hydrocarbons, mainly natural gas, used by the chemical industry. However, the reforming technologies currently used encounter numerous technical/scientific challenges, which depend on the quality of raw materials, the conversion efficiency and security needs for the integra-tion of H2 production, purification and use, among others. Biogas is a product composed mainly of methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2), associated with traces of other gases such as hydrogen sulfide (H2S), ammonia (NH3), hydrogen (H2), nitrogen (N2), oxygen (O2) and vapor water (H2O). Accordingly, Biogas is a high-potential versatile raw material for reforming processes, which can be used as an alternative CH4 source. The production of H2 from renewable sources, such as biogas, helps to largely reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Within this context, the integration of biogas re-forming processes and the activation of fuel cell using H2 represent an important route for generating clean energy, with added high-energy efficiency. This work expounds a literature review of the biogas reforming technologies, em-phasizing the types of fuel cells available, the advantages offered by each route and the main problems faced.

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0360319913004552

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL of HYDROGEN ENERGY highlights of recent publications

The importance of economies of scale, transport costs and demand patterns in optimizing hydrogen fuelling infrastructure: An exploration with SHIPMod (Spatial hydrogen infrastructure planning mod-el) -Agnolucci P, Akgul O, McDowall W, Papageorgiou LG. Int J Hydrogen Energy 2013;38(26):11189–11201.

One integral aspect for the hydrogen economy to become reality is a shift away from petroleum-based products as fuel for the transportation sector. Hydrogen-fueled cars are well on their way towards development; however, cur-rently there is no infrastructure for fuel distribution to support widespread use of this technology. Agnolucci et al. have addressed this issue by presenting a mixed-integer linear programming model to examine hydrogen supply chains in the UK that would support the future demand for this fuel. Compared to previous literature, they made im-provements to hydrogen demand by relying on socio-economic data to develop a detailed demand scenario. They show that the uneven distribution of demand across the country has a significant impact on costs and techniques of production. They conclude that, for most of the country, large, centralized production facilities are more cost-effective based upon the relationship between production and transportation costs. Second, they determined that demand distribution significantly impacts the supply and storage system (liquid vs. gaseous hydrogen) as well as production technology. Infrastructure development and planning is critical for the future of hydrogen as an alternate fuel source and models like this are a step in the right direction. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0360319913015413

Butterfly wing architecture assisted CdS/Au/TiO2 Z-scheme type photocatalytic water splitting -Ding L, Zhou H, Lou S, Ding J, Zhang D, Zhu H, Fan T. Int J Hydrogen Energy 2013;38(20):8244–8253.

Nature is a source of inspiration for scientists; this article by Ding et al. is a perfect example. The authors examined the antireflection morphology of a black butterfly’s wing as a template to enhance light harvesting and water splitting efficiency. Utilizing natural Z-scheme photosynthesis and the butterfly wing as a template, the authors were able to synthesize Cds/Au/TiO2 with the same architecture. A finite-difference time-domain simulation examined the architec-ture theoretically, while UV-vis spectra and photocatalytic H2 evolution rates were measured experimentally to assess its effectiveness. The simulation indicated a 40% reduction in UV light reflection by the scale architecture TiO2 versus a flat TiO2; it also showed lower UV reflection and transmission in water compared to air. Experimental measurements confirm the benefits of this Cds/Au/TiO2 architecture via a 200% increase in water-splitting efficiency compared to plate architecture TiO2. The combination of components and structural optimization produce an efficient representa-tion of natural photosynthesis which will lead to a more efficient utilization of solar energy.

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0360319913010173

—Highlights written by Jason Clement and Yasser Ashraf Gandomi

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Hyundai Station Will Provide 100 Percent Renewable Hydrogen The California Energy Commission (CEC) has awarded Hy-drogen Frontier, Inc. a $3 million grant to build a new 100 percent renewable hydrogen fueling station for fuel cell electric vehicles at Hyundai’s hydrogen energy generation and fueling station in Chino, Calif. The project will include: 100 percent of the energy consumed in generation

and operation of the station and 100 percent of the fuel dispensed will come from a renewable source, a new path of innovation and sustainability in California

Energy used to create hydrogen will be purchased from a renewable energy provider

With this upgrade, the station will be able to produce at least 100 kilograms of hydrogen per day, enough to dispense approximately 6,000 to 9,000 vehicle fill-ups with hydrogen annually

Capability to produce hydrogen from the electrolysis of water on-site

System pressures of 350 Bar and 700 Bar will allow fueling of all fuel cell vehicles (FCV) including fast refu-eling

The station, situated at a testing facility for Hyundai Amer-ica Technical Center, Inc., will be located at the site of an existing hydrogen station originally constructed in 2005 to support Hyundai’s fuel cell vehicle fleet. On top of the $3 million rebuilding project funded by the California Energy Commission grant, additional funding by partners Hydro-gen Frontier Inc., Powertech and ITM Power will go to-ward modernizing the facility to meet the latest industry standards for hydrogen generation, storage and dispens-ing. The required completion date for the renovations is Octo-ber 2014, at which point the fueling station will open to the public for the first time. The facility will increase the existing hydrogen fueling network in California and will be the first publicly accessible hydrogen fueling station in San Bernardino County. http://cafcp.org/stationmap#st-map “Hyundai has been supporting governments, energy com-panies and other organizations globally to develop an

easily accessible and affordable hydrogen infrastructure,” said Dr. Sung Hwan Cho, president, Hyundai America Technical Center, Inc. “With world-class partners like Hy-drogen Frontier and the support of the California govern-ment, we are expanding the hydrogen fueling infrastruc-ture and taking one more step toward mass production of a fuel cell electric vehicle.” Production of the Hyundai Tucson Fuel Cell began at the company’s Ulsan manufacturing plant in Korea in January 2013, making Hyundai the first automaker to begin com-mercial production of a hydrogen-powered vehicle. The first complete car rolled off the assembly line on February 26, 2013. Hyundai is investigating potential demand for the Tucson Fuel Cell Vehicle in the U.S. market, particularly in California, where most of the hydrogen refueling infra-structure development has taken place. “Hydrogen Frontier Inc. is excited to work with this inno-vative group of companies for this unique opportunity," said Daniel Poppe, vice president, Hydrogen Frontier Inc. “This was our first hydrogen station in 2005 that we were asked to contribute to. Now, less than 10 years later, we get to do a complete comprehensive update of that same site.” Hyundai has researched hydrogen-powered fuel cell vehi-cles in the United States since 2000. It is a member of the California Fuel Cell Partnership and has conducted fleet testing of three generations of SUV-based hydrogen vehi-cles across the United States. Hydrogen fuel cells use hydrogen to create electricity which powers the electric-drive vehicles. Fuel cell vehicles have no tailpipe greenhouse emissions and their extended range between fill-ups and the speed at which they refuel are comparable to that of conventional vehicles. The de-velopment of fueling stations, such as the Chino facility, is crucial to the success of fuel cells in the marketplace. In California today, there are eight public stations, and 17 more are in development. The goal is to have 68 stations in place to support the larger rollout of the vehicles in the next few years. Hydrogen Frontier Inc. Hydrogen Frontier, Inc., located in Gardena, Calif., contin-

HYDROGEN ECONOMY feature

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Join IAHE—membership information

The International Association for Hydrogen Energy (IAHE) has five categories of membership:

Members: Professional persons who are active in fields relating to some aspect of Hydrogen Energy Associate Members: Laypersons who may have in interest in Hydrogen Energy Emeritus Members: Persons who are in a retired status and have no income other than retirement payment. Student Members: All undergraduate, graduate, and postdoctoral students with an interest in Hydrogen Ener-

gy. IAHE Fellows: Long-time IAHE members who have significantly impacted society by promotion of Hydrogen

Economy through research, education and/or service. Membership benefits include a no-cost subscription to the International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, savings on all IAHE publications, and reduced registration fees for workshops, symposia and conferences organized by IAHE. If you are interested in becoming a member of IAHE, please visit the membership page at http://www.iahe.org/membership.asp?membertype=1. You can sign up for membership directly on the membership page.

ues to be active in hydrogen infrastructure development. Hydrogen Frontier has grown out of Daniel A. Poppe Elec-trical Contracting, a company owned by HF Vice President Poppe. While Hydrogen Frontier has been supporting hy-drogen fueling infrastructure on as many as nine stations in California, Hyundai’s Chino site is the first hydrogen fueling station installation led by Hydrogen Frontier. Hydrogen Frontier currently operates a hydrogen fueling station in Burbank that was recognized for its reliability as the station was operational 99 percent of the time during 2012. With funding partners such as the South Coast Air Quality Management District, California Air Resources Board and National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Hydro-gen Frontier has shown its ability to develop and collect relevant operations and performance data. Hydrogen Frontier has supported Chevron and Shell to successfully analyze station components and troubleshoot, repair, and optimize station performance. This hands-on experience with many different station technologies has allowed Hy-drogen Frontier to obtain a large knowledge base for hy-drogen fueling infrastructure support and development. Hyundai Motor America Hyundai Motor America, headquartered in Costa Mesa, Calif., is a subsidiary of Hyundai Motor Co. of Korea.

Hyundai vehicles are distributed throughout the United States by Hyundai Motor America and are sold and ser-viced through more than 820 dealerships nationwide. All Hyundai vehicles sold in the U.S. are covered by the Hyun-dai Assurance program, which includes the 5-year/60,000-mile fully transferable new vehicle limited warranty, Hyun-dai’s 10-year/100,000-mile powertrain limited warranty, and five years of complimentary Roadside Assistance. Hyundai Assurance includes Assurance Connected Care that provides Hyundai owners with proactive safety and car care services made possible by the Hyundai Blue Link telematics platform, complimentary for three years. These services include Automatic Collision Notification, En-hanced Roadside Assistance, Vehicle Diagnostic Alert, Monthly Vehicle Health Report and in-vehicle service scheduling. Source: hyundainews.com

HYDROGEN ECONOMY feature

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FROM the bookshelf

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Tomorrow’s Energy: Hydrogen, Fuel Cells, and the Prospects for a Cleaner Planet -by Peter Hoffmann

Hydrogen is the most abundant element in the universe. An invisible, tasteless, colorless gas, it can be converted to nonpolluting, zero-emission, renewable energy. When burned in an in-ternal combustion engine, hydrogen produces mostly harmless water vapor. It performs even better in fuel cells, which can be 2.5 times as efficient as internal combustion engines. Zero-emission hydrogen does not contribute to CO2-caused global warming. Abundant and renew-able, it is unlikely to be subject to geopolitical pressures or scarcity concerns. In this new edition of his pioneering book “Tomorrow's Energy,” Peter Hoffmann makes the case for hydrogen as the cornerstone of a new energy economy. Hoffmann covers the major aspects of hydrogen production, storage, transportation, fuel use, and safety. He explains that hydrogen is not an energy source but a carrier, like electricity, and introduces the concept of "hydricity," the essential interchangeability of electricity and hydrogen. He brings the hydro-

gen story up to date, reporting on the latest developments, including new hydrogen and fuel-cell cars from GM, Daimler, BMW, Honda, and Toyota. He describes recent political controversies, including Obama administration Energy Secretary (and Nobel laureate in Physics) Steven Chu's inexplicable dismissal of hydrogen-which puts him at odds with major automakers, German Chancellor Angela Merkel, and others. Our current energy system is a complex infrastruc-ture, and phasing in hydrogen will take effort and money. But if we consider the real costs of fossil fuels-pollution and its effects, international tensions over gas and oil supplies, and climate change-we would be wise to promote its devel-opment. http://mitpress.mit.edu/books/tomorrows-energy-0

Renewable Hydrogen Technologies: Production, Purification, Storage, Applications and Safety -by Luis Gandia, Gurutze Arzamedi, and Pedro Dieguez

Three key steps in the process for hydrogen usage include production, purification, and stor-age; they are some aspects that currently limit the widespread adoption of this fuel source. The authors address hydrogen production techniques from water and biomass as well as an interesting issue with production: electric conditioning and how it integrates with renewable energy technologies. In addition to production, purification is another important step for hy-drogen to be utilized. Techniques for purification via microprocessors as well as membrane separation and purification are discussed. The generated hydrogen must then be stored, thus current advances for storage in carbon materials and complex hydrides are also presented. A common concern when discussing the use of hydrogen fuel is safety, to address this topic, the authors indicate the benefits of computational fluid dynamics simulations as a tool for design and risk assessment of this fuel. The text is geared towards scientific researchers and

professionals in the transport and energy sectors as well as policymakers but provides useful perspectives for anyone interested in the hydrogen economy. http://store.elsevier.com/Renewable-Hydrogen-Technologies/isbn-9780444563521/

The IAHE is continuing its call for the development of student chapters all over the world. To begin a chapter at your school a faculty leader and interested students are needed. In total, over 26 student chapters in 9 countries are offi-cially recognized by the IAHE. The activities for the chapter members can include participation in the hydrogen design competition, research seminars for graduate students, job fairs, social activities, and various other related activities chosen by the students. To become a student member (registration is free), please register online at:

http://www.iahe.org/Studentmembership.asp IAHE Affiliates: The IAHE has organizational affiliate organizations worldwide. To see a complete listing, please go to: www.iahe.org The IAHE also seeks to further develop and promote hydrogen-based organizations worldwide. For more information on collaboration opportunities, please contact Dr. Matthew Mench at [email protected].

Call For New Student Chapters

IAHE Student Chapter News

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Oakland University IAHE Student Chapter Builds Fuel Cell Golf Cart Oakland University’s International Association for Hydrogen Energy Student Chapter successfully completed a fuel cell hybrid electric golf cart project which runs solely off hydrogen gas and produces only water vapor as a byproduct. The project involved converting a 2007 Club Car Precedent Golf Cart, which was originally powered by lead acid batteries, and rebuilding it with a fuel cell series hybrid type powertrain. The golf cart now uses a 1.2kW hydrogen fueled proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) from Heliocentris as a power source which continuously delivers constant electrical power to a 6kW brushless motor and high power battery. The 48V Lithium ion battery, generously donated by A123 systems, is used to reduce the peak and transient power demands to the fuel cell from the motor. This allows for a smaller fuel cell stack and ultimately a lower cost and better performing system. Hydrogen is stored in three 960LSTD metal hydride canisters from Ovonics which have a custom low pressure alloy making the cart easy to refuel from low pressure hydrogen sources. The entire system is controlled by a power control module which communicates with all major components of the vehicle over two CAN buses which also allows for data logging and monitoring on a laptop computer. The Fuel Cell Golf Cart (FCGC) project is not only intended to be a demonstration vehicle, but also as a learning tool to help students study and understand modern automotive propulsion technologies that will eventually replace conven-tional fossil fueled vehicles. The FCGC is designed to reflect the fuel cell electric vehicles (FCEV) currently being devel-oped by major automotive manufacturers, with not only the architecture of the powertrain, but many of the major parts and components used in full size electric drive vehicles as well. Many of the parts, components, and software used in the FCGC are also found in hybrid and battery electric vehicles currently on the road today.

The project has taken nearly 2 years to complete with more than 10 graduate and undergraduate students involved. The project leader and OU’s IAHE Stu-dent Chapter President, Kristopher Inman, a Ph.D. student working in the area of fuel cells under the supervision of Dr. Xia Wang, has been in charge of the design of the entire vehicle including both hardware installation and software development. The project was supported by the OU SECS Dean’s Office, A123 Systems, OU’s

Clean Energy Research Center and the OU INCubator.

IAHE Student Chapter News continued

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Indian Institute of Technology Delhi Starts IAHE Student Chapter In August, the Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) in Delhi, India held their first IAHE student chapter meeting. The IIT chapter was started by Rohit Singh Lather and currently has ten members. During the meeting, the members discussed ways to spread awareness about hydrogen energy, how to connect with other researchers on hydrogen energy, and had presentations on recent areas of interest on hydro-gen energy. They also elected Rohit as President; Jayakrishnan K. as Vice President; Bheru Lal Salvi as Secretary; and Ramesh Jeeragal as Treasurer. The majority of members are working in the field of utili-zation of hydrogen in internal combustion engines. The chapter intends to grow by connecting other researchers in the field of hydrogen energy working on fuel cells and hydrogen production at IIT Delhi. P Dr. L. M. Das, a distinguished Professor at IIT Delhi, is overseeing and supporting the student chapter. For more information on the IIT Delhi IAHE student chapter, email [email protected].

Romanian Association for Hydrogen Energy The Romanian Association for Hydrogen Energy (AEHR – Asociatia pentru Energia Hidrogenului din Romania), is a non-profit organization established in 2012 and headquartered in Râmnicu Vâlcea, Vâlcea County, Romania.

Since early 2000s, the development of fuel cell and hydrogen technology in Romania involved many public institutions and a number of private companies. Among its 80 members, the AEHR has activities in six scientific centers and academic campuses.

The participation of Romania in the development of hydrogen and fuel cells technology has been limited, similarly to other Central and East European countries. There is no specific program for the development of those technologies established by the government. Approximately twenty three million was spent on hydrogen and fuel cell research and development in Romania since 2000. The financial support is only provided from the funds of the Ministry of Educa-tion and Research, whereas other ministries are not involved. To stimulate cooperation between social actors for the more intensive investment in this field is one of the goals of the AEHR.

For more information on the Romanian Association for Hydrogen Energy visit www.h2romania.ro.

To see photos from the first meeting, check out the Photo Gallery on page 23.

Information provided by Ioan Iordache, Exexcutive Director of the Romania Association for Hydrogen Energy

IAHE Chapter & National Organization News

IIT Delhi IAHE student chapter members

UPCOMING meetings & activities

WHTC 2013: The 5th World Hydrogen Technologies Convention September 25-28, 2013 Shanghai, China http://www.whtc2013.com/

November 2013

EVS27: The 27th World Electric Vehicle Symposium & Exhibition November 17-20, 2013 Barcelona, Spain http://www.evs27.org

8th International Renewable Energy Storage Conference and Exhibition (IRES 2013) November 18-20, 2013 Berlin, Germany http://www.energystorageconference.org

October 2013

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September 2013

Do you have a hydrogen-related meeting, workshop, or ac-tivity you would like us to include in the next issue of the IAHE Newsletter? If so, please email a description and web link to Matthew Mench at [email protected].

4th International Conference on Fuel Cell and Hydrogen Technology 2013 October 7-10, 2013 Yogyakarta, Indonesia http://hpi-polimer.org/icfcht-2013

22nd World Energy Congress October 13-17, 2013 Daegu, South Korea http://www.daegu2013.kr/eng/index.do

2013 Hydrogen & Fuel Cells Energy Summit October 30-31, 2013 Berlin, Germany http://www.wplgroup.com/aci/conferences/eu-ehfl.asp

224th Electrochemical Society (ECS) Meeting October 27-Nov. 1, 2013 San Francisco, California http://www.electrochem.org/meetings/biannual/224

March 2014 European Hydrogen Energy Conference March 12-14, 2014 Seville, Spain http://www.ehec.info

ECEE 2014 Electrochemical Conference on Energy & the Environment March 13-16, 2014 Shanghai, China http://www.ecee2014.com/Home/

February 2014

International Conference on Hydrogen Production-2014 February 2-5, 2014 Fukuoka, Japan http://ceram.material.tohoku.ac.jp/ich2p2014/

10th International Hydrogen & Fuel Cell Expo February 26-28, 2014 Tokyo, Japan http://www.fcexpo.jp/en/

May 2014 Steel & Hydrogen-2nd International Conference on Metal and Hydrogen May 5-7, 2014 Gent, Belgium http://www.steelyhydrogen2014.be/

June 2014 The 13th International Conference on Clean Energy June 8-12, 2014 Istanbul, Turkey http://www.icce2014.net

20th WHEC 2014 June 15-20, 2014 Gwangju, Korea http://www.whec2014.com/

2013 Hydrogen & Fuel Cells Energy Summit October 30-31, 2013 Berlin, Germany Contact Details Telephone: +44 (0) 20 7981 2503 E-mail: [email protected] Contact Name: Mohammad Ahsan Conference Fee: £1,495 + vat (If applicable) Discount code: EHF1MA15 (15% members or subscribers discount) Link to Brochure: http://v11.vuturevx.com/exchange-sites/Whitmore%20Group/59/events-pdfs-eu/ehf1-agenda-mkt.pdf Notes Economical & Infrastructural Support for a Sustainable Future Energy Carrier The two day event will bring together key industry stakeholders from all facets of the hydrogen economy to discuss the required economical and infrastructural support for a sustainable future energy carrier. The event will have a heavy focus on techno-economic case studies of hydrogen and fuel cell technology initiatives/projects around the globe looking at the challenges & obstacles encountered in each project and how they are approached. Key Topics Include Legal, Policy & Safety Status Global Market Overview Financial Feasibility of Hydrogen Fuel Cells Hydrogen Production, Storage & Transportation Case Studies: Technology Deployment Technology Case Studies Commercialisation of Fuel Cell Vehicles: Myth or Reality? Infrastructural Development & Challenges To get a full brochure or to register with 15% discount, Please contact Mohammad Ahsan at +44 (0)20 7981 2503 or [email protected].

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Conference spotlight

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Conference spotlight

GET CONNECTED—internet groups of interest LinkedIn e-Connections

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Global Renewable Energy Network (GReEN) Global Renewable Energy Network (GReEN) is the premier business network for professionals and companies involved in the development, commercialization, and utilization of renewable energies (e.g. bioenergy, geother-mal, hydro, hydrogen, ocean, solar, and wind), worldwide. The GReEN LinkedIn Group is the most exclusive group for renewable energy professionals on LinkedIn. Fuel Cell and Hydrogen Energy Association The Fuel Cell and Hydrogen Energy Association (FCHEA) is the trade association for fuel cell and hydro-gen energy technologies. FCHEA is composed of members from throughout the supply chain, from re-search labs to materials and components manufacturers to major automakers, OEMs, and gas suppliers.

Fuel Cell & Hydrogen Network Bringing together professionals and enthusiasts alike, the Fuel Cell & Hydrogen Network serves to connect those advocating fuel cell and hydrogen technologies. The group welcomes people who are interested in all types of fuel cell technologies as well as the wide variety of hydrogen technologies, and is not exclusive of hy-drogen fuel cells.

Fuel Cells Welcomes those who are interested in clean energy fuel cell applications and technologies. Encourages mem-bers to start discussions that are relevant to fuel cells, to post promotions and jobs, and to use this group to develop their professional network.

Fuel Cell Technology All those engaged in teaching, research, manufacturing and application of fuel cells are welcome to join the group.

Fuel Cells: Investment, Funding and Commercialization The group is to discuss the path of fuel cell technology towards commercialization. While technology will be discussed, there is a special focus on private investment, government funding and updates in international poli-cy as relating to fuel cells.

Fuel Cell Energy The Fuel Cell Energy Group advocates the use of Fuel Cell Energy & the promotion of its Technology and for those interested in learning more about Fuel Cell Technology. Fuel Cell Professionals, Renewable Energy, Clean Technology, and Environmental Advocates are welcome. Solar, Wind, Biomass, Biofuel, Tidal Power & Wave Professionals also welcome to learn about this emerging technology.

Hydrogen Fuel Cell (Micro-CHP) This group is intended to educate and share knowledge associated with micro-CHP systems that generate dis-tributed energy—heat and/or electricity. This group is intended to cover residential, commercial, and public applications.

Renewable Energy Network This is a group of professionals in the Renewables sector. While currently renewable energy sources only sup-ply a fraction of current energy use, there is much potential that could be exploited in the future. Anyone inter-ested in this industry and saving our planet can join.

GET CONNECTED—internet groups of interest Facebook e-connections

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Horizon Fuel Cell Technologies

Horizon Fuel Cell Technologies was founded in Singapore in 2003 and currently owns 5 interna-tional subsidiaries, including a new subsidiary in the United States. Having started commerciali-zation with small and simple products while preparing for larger and more complex applications, Horizon already emerged as the world’s largest volume producer of commercial micro-fuel cell products, serving customers in over 65 countries. In 2009, the team also began Horizon Energy Systems, a separate company in Singapore which applies its ultra-light fuel cell technologies for customers in Aerospace & Defense

Fuel Cell Nation

Fact-Based Analysis and Discussion of Clean Energy http://blog.fuelcellnation.com/

Alternative Energy

Alternative energy sources like hydrogen, solar and wind are desperately needed so that we can re-duce carbon emissions and negate the environmental impact of the petroleum industry. In this page, articles, discussion forums, news stories, photographs and videos that promote the use of renewable energy technologies are available.

International Association for Hydrogen Energy

Facebook community for sharing the information regarding advances in hydrogen energy.

Get Connected with IAHE

Read any interesting articles about hydrogen you want to share? Would you like to advertise an upcoming event? Want to connect with other professionals in your field? Well, now you can! IAHE has joined Face-book and LinkedIn as a way to stay connected with its members and to provide important hydrogen-related information, news, and upcoming events. IAHE has a Facebook page and Facebook group, which are both great ways for individuals to post and share information and events. IAHE also started a group on LinkedIn as a way to connect with professionals and gain access to news, people, and jobs. If you want to get connected, we encourage you to join our groups.

Here’s how to get connected: Like IAHE on Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/#!/InternationalAssociationForHydrogenEnergy Join the IAHE Facebook Group: https://www.facebook.com/#!/groups/453059908094778/ Join the IAHE LinkedIn Group: http://www.linkedin.com/groups?gid=4119716

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Published by IAHE through The University of Tennessee Mechanical, Aerospace, and Biomedical Engineering Department 414 Dougherty Engineering Building Knoxville, TN 37996 Editor in Chief Dr. Matthew M. Mench, Professor and Condra Chair of Excellence Designer/Editor Kathy Williams, IAHE Administrative Coordinator Writers Jason Clement and Yasser Ashraf Gandomi, Ph.D. Students If you have any questions about the newsletter, email Matthew Mench at [email protected].

The objective of the IAHE is to advance the day when hydrogen energy will become the principal means by which the world will achieve its long-sought goal of abundant clean energy for mankind. Toward this end, the IAHE stimulates the exchange of information in the hydrogen energy field through its publications and sponsorship of international workshops, short courses, symposia, and conferences. In addition, the IAHE en-deavors to inform the general public of the important role of hydrogen energy in the planning of an inex-haustible and clean energy system.

IAHE Objective

Newsletter Production

Photo Gallery

Send us a photo. If you would like a photo of your student chapter or IAHE related event included in an upcoming issue of the IAHE newsletter, email the photo to Kathy Williams at [email protected] .

First Meeting of Romanian Association of Hydrogen Energy October 25, 2012

Ioan Iordache, Executive of Romanian Association of Hydrogen Energy

Officers of the IAHE T. Nejat Veziroğlu President, IAHE Hussein K. Abdel-Aal Vice President, Middle East & Africa Juan Carlos Bolcich Vice President, South America Ibrahim Dincer Vice President, Strategy Stanislav R. Malyshenko Vice President, Russia & CIS Countries Zong Qiang Mao Vice President, China & South East Asia Matthew M. Mench Executive Vice President David S. Scott Vice President, IAHE Detlef Stolten Vice President, Europe Onkar N. Srivastava Vice President, India & South Asia Hirohisa Uchida Vice President, Japan & Australasia E. Caglan Kumbur Secretary Ayfer Veziroglu Comptroller

Contacts and Information

Board of Directors

IAHE Division Officers Annalisa D’Orazio President, Young Scientists Division Patrick Hallenbeck President, Biohydrogen Division Greg Naterer President, Nuclear Hydrogen Division Board of Directors of the IAHE Hussein K. Abdel-Aal Frano Barbir Juan Carlos Bolcich Gibril S. Eljrushi Inci Eroglu Victor A. Goltsov Lijun Jiang Terry Kimmel Stanislav R. Malyshenko Zong Qiang Mao Cesare Marchetti Nazim Muradov Byeong Soo Oh Jacques Saint-Just Yasukazu Saito John W. Sheffield Thornstein I. Sigfusson Giuseppe Spazzafumo O.N. Srivastava Detlef Stolten Hirohisa Uchida William D. Van Vorst

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International Association for Hydrogen Energy (IAHE) http://www.iahe.org 5794 SW 40 St. #303 Miami, FL 33155, USA

International Journal of Hydrogen Energy (IJHE)

The Official Journal of the IAHE http://www.elsevier.com/locate/he

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