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Topic 7:

Wingate Anaerobic Test

HPHE 6720

Dr. Cheatham

Laboratory Manual Section 07

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Origins

Developed at the Wingate Institute in Israel byDr. Oded Bar-Or in the late 1970s

Originally developed for use in children but was

expanded to adults One of the most widely performed tests to

assess anaerobic power

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Physiological Rationale

Performance during the test is primarilydependent on the combination of the

anaerobic energy pathways:

Phosphagen System Glycolytic System

Approximately 85% of ATP production during the

test is accounted for by these systems.

The WAnT requires a power level that is usually

2-4 times greater than the participants VO2max.

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Physiological Rationale

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Variables that are Assessed

Peak Anaerobic Power (Pk-AnP) A reflection of the ability of the limb muscles to produce

high mechanical power in a short time.

Peak power observed (usually over a 5 second period)

during the 30-sec test. Typically occurs within the first 5-8 seconds of the 30-sec

test.

Is thought to mostly reflect the participants ability to usethe phosphagenic system.

However, the glycolytic pathway is probably alsosignificantly involved

Expressed both in absolute terms (Watts) and relative tothe participants bodyweight (Watts/kg)

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Variables that are Assessed

Mean Anaerobic Power (M-AnP) Reflects the endurance of the limb muscles (i.e. their

ability to maintain extremely high power.

The average anaerobic power over the 30-sec test

Glycolytic pathway appears to contribute most to theparticipants mean aerobic power

~ 49% of ATP production

Phosphagen system also contributes

Subjects reduced there phosphagen levels to 70% of theiroriginal ATP values and 40% of their original CP values afterperforming the test.

Expressed in both absolute terms (Watts) and relativeto the participants bodyweight (Watts/kg)

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Variables that are Assessed

Total Work (w) The total work is based upon the number of

revolutions at the end of the 30-sec test

Expressed in both absolute terms (N

m; J) and

relative to the participants bodyweight (J/kg)

Fatigue Index (FI)

The degree of decrease in power from the peakanaerobic power to the lowest anaerobic power.

Typically 40% or more

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Variables that are Assessed

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Performing the Test

Protocol has five distinct time periods:

Prior Exercise

5 min cycling at low intensity interspersed with 4-5 sprints of 4-6 seconds at

prescribed force

Recovery Interval

2-5 minutes of rest or cycling against minimal force

Acceleration Period

1st Phase: cycle for 5-10 seconds at one-third of prescribed force at 20-50

RPM

2nd Phase: Cycle 1-5 seconds against approach to prescribed force at

maximal RPM

Alternate: Have subject reach maximal RPMs against no-load and drop the

basket immediately at maximal RPMs

Wingate Test

Cycle at highest RPMs possible against prescribed force for 30 seconds

Cool-Down Period

2-3 minutes of cycling at low to moderate aerobic power level

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Methodological Considerations

Optimization of Force

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Methodological Considerations

Optimization of Force (contd)

General recommendations when using

Monark cycle ergometer

Adult Non-Athletes: 0.090 kp/kg body weight

Adult Athletes: 0.100 kp/kg body weight

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Methodological Considerations

Duration of Test Have ranged from 30 seconds to 2 min.

General consensus is that a 30 second test is

optimal. Motivation

General consensus is that conventional

encouragement of feedback does not affect results

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Methodological Considerations

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Methodological Considerations

Warm-Up One study showed that a 15 minute intermittent

warm-up (30 seconds on, 30 seconds off) on a

treadmill increased mean power by ~7% but had noeffect on peak power.

Regardless, warm-up should be standardized.

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Reliability of the Wingate Test

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Reliability of the Wingate Test

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Validity of the Wingate Test

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Validity of the Wingate Test

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Wingate Compared to Other Anaerobic Tests

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Calculations

Pk-AnP Should be expressed in Watts

Best to use the newton (N) unit as the expression offorce (rather than kg)

1 kg = 9.81 N

Pk-AnP (Nmsec-1; W) = (N x (Rmax x 6))/5

Example:

A persons highest 5 second interval was 12 revolutions ata force setting of 4.6 kg (45 N)

Pk-AnP = (45 x (12 x 6))/5 = 648 W

Divide Pk-AnP by the persons bodyweight (kg) to

get relative Pk-AnP

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Calculations

Total Work w (Nm; J) = N x (R x 6)

N = the force in Newtons

R = the total number of revolutions in 30 seconds M-AnP

M-AnP (W; Jsec-1) = total work / 30 s

Divide M-AnP by the persons bodyweight (kg) toget relative M-AnP

Fatigue Index

FI (%) = ((Pk-AnP lowest AnP) / Pk-AnP) x 100

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Hand Calculations

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Hand Calculations

12.67 REV

10.25 REV

9.25 REV

8.42 REV

7.58 REV

6.83 REV

Total = 55 REV

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Norms

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Norms

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Norms

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Norms

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Class Laboratory Exercise

As many students as would like Allstudents who are able will perform a

Wingate Anaerobic Test

Our research question:

Do males and females differ with

respect to the different variablesassessed from a Wingate Anaerobic

Test.

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Data