How were you able to smell the perfume?

Movement of Substances

Diffusion Osmosis

Diffusion

Lets Recap from Chemistry…3 particle states of matter

Solid Liquid Gas

Diffusion

What is the particle arrangement and motion?

Definition:

1)The net movement of particles

2)from a region of higher concentration

3)to a region of lower concentration

Diffusion

High concentration Low concentration

Diffusion in liquid state

: Ink dye

: Water molecules

Diffusion in liquid state

: Ink dye

: Water molecules

Diffusion in gaseous state

: Perfume molecules: Air molecules

Diffusion in gaseous state

: Perfume molecules: Air molecules

Net Movement

Note: This barrier does not illustrate a partially permeable membrane.

Net Movement

EquilibriumWhen particles reaches an equilibrium, does the

particles stop moving?

Hint: Particles move in a random and dynamic motion.

ExamplesMovement of

substances in and out of amoeba cells

Movement of CO2

and O2 in and out of lung cells

Movement of nitrates in and out of root hair cells

Can you think of any other diffusion that

happens in your daily life?

Concentrated sucrose solution

1.What will happen to the eggs?2. Is this diffusion? If not what is

this process called?

Movement of Substances

Diffusion Osmosis

Net movement of particles from a region of high concentration

to a region of low concentration, down

the concentration gradient.

includes

definition

1) Liquid/ Gas particles move from region of high concentration to low concentration2) Movement of particles is random and dynamic in equilibrium (net)3) Concentration gradient4) Examples of diffusion

Key Ideas:

Osmosis

OsmosisDefinition:

The movement of water molecules

through a partially permeable membrane

from a solution of high water potential,

to a solution of lower water potential.

: sucrose

:water molecules

Partially permeable membrane

Partially Permeable Membrane

Permeable Membrane•Allows both the solvent (water) and the solutes ( dissolved substances to pass through)

•Equal concentration of all ions in both sides of the membrane.

•Eg: Cell Wall of plant cells

•Allows some substances to pass through but not others.

•Unequal concentration of ions in both sides of the membrane

•Eg: Cell membrane in plant and animal cells.

: sucrose

:water molecules

Partially permeable membrane

The movement of water molecules through a partially permeable membrane

•Only water molecules passes through the partially permeable membrane (sucrose solution too big to pass through the partially permeable membrane).

Osmosis in living organisms

Plant Cells Animal Cells

Plant cell behaves differently from animal cell when placed in solutions with differing water potentials.

•Due to presence of cell wall in plants.

Osmosis in plant cellFully permeable: allows most dissolved substances to pass through

Cell surface membrane is a partially permeable membrane

Plant cell in High water potential

1. Cell vacuole has lower water potential compared to solutions outside cell

2. Water enters cell by osmosis.

3. Vacuole increases in size, pushes against cell wall

4. Cell wall exerts opposing pressure (against turgor pressure)

5. Plant cell expands and become turgid (cell does not bursts) Turgor

Osmosis in living organisms

Plant Cells Animal Cells

Plant cell behaves differently from animal cell when placed in solutions with differing water potentials.

•Due to presence of cell wall in plants.

Animal cell in High water potential

1. Cytoplasm has lower water potential compared to solution outside cell

2. Water enters by osmosis

3. Animal cell will swell and may bursts as it does not have a cell wall to protect it.

Movement of Substances

Diffusion Osmosis Active Transport

Net movement of particles from a region of high

concentration to a region of low concentration,

down the concentration gradient.

includes

definition

1) Liquid/ Gas particles move from region of high concentration to low concentration2) Movement of particles is random and dynamic in equilibrium (net)3) Concentration gradient4) Examples of diffusion

Key Ideas:

The movement of water molecules through a partially permeable membrane from a

solution of high water potential, to a solution

of lower water potential.

definition

1) Only water molecules2) Partially permeable membrane3) High water potential to low water potential4) Hypertonic & hypotonic5) Osmosis in living cells6) SA to Vol ratio7) Adaptations

Key Ideas:

Opposites!

Movement of Substances

Diffusion Osmosis Active Transport

Net movement of particles from a region of high

concentration to a region of low concentration,

down the concentration gradient.

includes

definition

1) Liquid/ Gas particles move from region of high concentration to low concentration2) Movement of particles is random and dynamic in equilibrium (net)3) Concentration gradient4) Examples of diffusion

Key Ideas:

The movement of water molecules through a partially permeable membrane from a

solution of high water potential, to a solution of lower water potential.

definition

1) Only water molecules2) Partially permeable membrane3) High water potential to low water potential4) Hypertonic & hypotonic5) Osmosis in living cells6) SA to Vol ratio7) Adaptations

Key Ideas:

Energy is used to move particles against

concentration gradient ( from a region of low

concentration to a region of higher

concentration) , up a concentration

gradient.Key Ideas:

1) Requires energy2) From low to high3) Only in living cell4) Active transport in living cells

definition