HOW TO STRENGTHEN THE „HUMAN FACTOR“ IN … EASA Personnel... · THE „HUMAN FACTOR“ IN...
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HOW TO STRENGTHEN THE „HUMAN FACTOR“ IN HELICOPTER OPERATIONS & MAINTENANCE - PERSONNEL DEVELOPMENT IN AVIATION - 11th EASA Rotorcraft Symposium, Köln Prof. Dr. Bettina Schleidt SRH University of Applied Sciences, Heidelberg www.Human-Factors-Consult.com / www.ready-for-take-off.de
Transcript of HOW TO STRENGTHEN THE „HUMAN FACTOR“ IN … EASA Personnel... · THE „HUMAN FACTOR“ IN...
HOWTOSTRENGTHENTHE„HUMANFACTOR“IN
HELICOPTEROPERATIONS&MAINTENANCE-PERSONNELDEVELOPMENTINAVIATION-
11thEASARotorcraftSymposium,KölnProf.Dr.BettinaSchleidt
SRHUniversityofAppliedSciences,Heidelberg
www.Human-Factors-Consult.com/www.ready-for-take-off.de
BettinaSchleidt
§ ProfessorBusinessPsychology&HumanFactorsSRHUniversityofAppliedSciences,Heidelberg
§ DiplomePsychology&DoctorDegreeEngineeringPsychology
§ CommercialHelicopterPilot§ QMforPart-145CompaniesandHeliOperators§ Consultant,CoachandTrainerre/
HumanFactors,CRM,PersonnelDevelopment..
Agenda
§ Whatisthe“HumanFactor”inHeliOpsandMaintenance?
§ HowistheHFrelatedtoSafety?§ WhatisPersonnelDevelopment?§ ToolsforPersonnelDevelopment§ AccidentAnalysis§ Conclusions
TheHumanFactor(s)..
§ TheCOREofeveryhelicopteroperationandmaintenance..
§ Thinking,feeling,actingofthehumanbeinginthecontextofthewholeproductlifecycle,inthe(potential)stressfieldofman,technologyandorganisation
§ Ininteractionwithacomplexsocio-technicalsystem
TheHumanFactor(s)..
Humanbeing(s)
Technique Organi-sation
..Influenceofinformationprocessing,attention,awareness,personality,learning,experience,communication…..Humanthinkinganfbehaviour...
Tasks
HumanFactorsFrameWork
System Design, Usability, Grade of Automation, Processes, etc
Knowledge, attitude, goals, memory, concentration, expectations, motivation, competencies, physical fitness, resilience,
experiences, emotions etc..
Performance, behaviour, action(s)
Analysis & judgment
Decision
Information processing
Stimulus/ Task(s)
Surrounding / Environment Organisational and Social Influences
Individual factors
Per
cept
ion
& A
ttent
ion
Situ
atio
nal a
war
enes
s M
enta
l mod
el
Technology/ System
Source:Schleidt,2016
GrowingGap
First Industrial Revolution
Water power, steam engine
Mid of 18th Century
Second Industrial
Revolution
Mass Production, elecrical energy
Third Industrial
Revolution
Digitalisation, Computer, Internet, continuing Automation,
Microchip
Fourth Industrial Revolution
Cyberphysical systems,
Internet of things, „intelligent“ Products
time Begin of 20th Century
2014 ca 1970
Com
plex
ity
Human potential
Modernworkplace,e.g.
maintenance,operation,..
Source:Schleidt,2016
Howaboutthefeelingsofthehumanbeing..
Growingfeelingofcomplexity
Product Processes
PartnerGeneral
conditions
Wecannotchangethecircumstances...
...butwecanfocusmoreonthehumanbeing......thisiswherestructuredpeopledevelopmentcomesin...
Person-Workplace-FitPe
rson
A
Person
B
CompetenciesWorkingconditions
Competentbehaviour
Lesscompetentbehaviour
GoodFIT
Competencyorientation
mmmm
nnnnn
Professionalcompetencies
Methodologicalcompetencies
PersonalCompetencies
SocialCompetencies
Personneldevelopment§ Systematicsupportofpeopleinanorganisation,
e.g.byú SeminarsorTrainingsú Coaching&Mentoringú Peersupervisionandconsultationú SelfreflectionandResourceManagement
§ Goalsaretostrengthencompetencies,toraisetheawarenessforresourcesthatareavailabeatthesingleworkplaceandtoenhancesafeandhealthydecisionmakingandbehaviour
CRMandHFtrainingsarein
place
PersonalResources...
System Design, Usability, Grade of Automation, Processes, etc
Knowledge, attitude, goals, memory, concentration, expectations, motivation, competencies, physical fitness, resilience,
experiences, emotions etc..
Performance, behaviour, action(s)
Analysis & judgment
Decision
Information processing
Stimulus/ Task(s)
Surrounding / Environment Organisational and Social Influences
Individual factors
Per
cept
ion
& A
ttent
ion
Situ
atio
nal a
war
enes
s M
enta
l mod
el
Technology/ System
Source:Schleidt,2016
Socialsurrounding
Me/Individual
Organisation
Technology
CaseStudy§ 9thofJune,2012§ R44,1pilot,3paxonboard§ Flightpath:AugsburgtoSalzburg§ At16:11hrsLTdeparturetothesoutheast§ At17:01contactbetweenPICandTowerSalzburg
§ 17.06:AreaofTraunstein->changeofdirectiontothesouth
§ Approximately2minlaterflightinlowaltitudealongthehighwayA8,headingtotheeast
§ Atapprox.17:11Uhrthehelicopterflewindeepcloudsinraisingterrainintoforest
§ Helicoptercompletelydestroyed,fourpeoplelosttheirlifes Source:https://www.bfu-web.de/DE/Publikationen/Untersuchungsberichte/
2012/Bericht_12_CX011_R44_Teisendorf.pdf?__blob=publicationFile
Source:https://www.bfu-web.de/DE/Publikationen/Untersuchungsberichte/2012/Bericht_12_CX011_R44_Teisendorf.pdf?__blob=publicationFile
Flightpath
Quelle:gat24.de
15:10:11
ca.15:11
Source:https://www.bfu-web.de/DE/Publikationen/Untersuchungsberichte/2012/Bericht_12_CX011_R44_Teisendorf.pdf?__blob=publicationFile
VideoRecording
§ Thevideorecordingofonepassengershowedthatthehelicopterflewclosetotheaccidentwithapprox.80ktsalongthehighwayA8,deep„hanging“oroverlayingcloudsandthepointwhereheflewintocloudsapprox.1100mbeforetheaccidenthappened.
Approx.1minuteflightwithoutoutsidevisual
orientation/references–noterrestricalnavigationpossible
anymore..
Source:https://www.bfu-web.de/DE/Publikationen/Untersuchungsberichte/2012/Bericht_12_CX011_R44_Teisendorf.pdf?__blob=publicationFile
Openquestions..
§ WhydidthePICnotcontinuetoflydirectioneastinplainarea?
§ HowdidthepilotunderstandthecommunicationwiththeTowerinSalzburg?
§ Whydidthepilotnotmakeasafetylanding(land&live)?
§ Whydidthepilotnotturnaround?§ Whydidthepilotnotsticktotheminimumsafe
altitudeoverlongtimes?
SNRobinson:„…LOSSOFVISIBILITYCANBEFATAL…YoumusttakecorrectiveactionBEFOREvisibilityislost..
Contributingfactors
§ Experienceonthetypeverylow(incl.typerating13hrs)
§ FirsttimePIConR44§ (Pilotknewtheflightpath&approachto
Salzburg)§ Highworkload(navigation,communication,
handlingofthehelicopter..)§ Friendsonboard..
§ Probablynoplan„B“andcompletely„lost“inthesituation
Inthesituation
Contributingfactors…
§ Massivemismatchofcompetenciesthepilotgainedduringbasictrainingandcompetenciesheneededinthedescribedsituation
..personneldevelopmentperspective..
Basictraining(privatepilot)GER Firstexperiencesas(private)pilot
Insufficient(inflight)trainingre/personalcompetencieslikee.g.judgement,decisionmaking,selfreflection..
Nodesignatedperson(e.g.amentor)todiscussandtolearnfrom
Insufficienttraininginexecutingunplannedsafetylandings
nopossibilitiestoflyassecondpilotandsotogainexperiencesstepbystep(systematicapproach)
…learningbydoing=theoppositeofsystematicpersonneldevelopment..
ProfessionalPilot(CPL)
Conclusions
§ Thecircumstancespeoplearefacingatthemodernworkplacecannotbechanged.Humanbeingsfollowtechnology–atleastatthemoment.
§ ThewaypeoplearetrainedandhowtheycanbesupportedsystematicallytoshowsafebehaviourandtostayhealthyandhappyJcanchange.
§ Letusthinkbeyondexistingtrainingapproaches!
Sources
§ BFUAccidentReport:https://www.bfu-web.de/DE/Publikationen/Untersuchungsberichte/2012/Bericht_12_CX011_R44_Teisendorf.pdf?__blob=publicationFile
§ Schleidt,B.(2016).PersonalResourceManagementindermodernenProduktentwicklung.InR.Stelzer(Hrsg.),EntwerfenEntwickelnErleben2016.BeiträgezurVirtuellenProduktentwicklungundKonstruktionstechnik(213-222).Dresden:VerlagderWissenschaften.
Alwayssafeandfunflightsandintendedlandings!
