How Ecosystems Change: Ecological Succession ES Textbook, Chapter 5 Pages 137-141.
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Transcript of How Ecosystems Change: Ecological Succession ES Textbook, Chapter 5 Pages 137-141.
![Page 1: How Ecosystems Change: Ecological Succession ES Textbook, Chapter 5 Pages 137-141.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062806/5697bf931a28abf838c8f6e9/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
How Ecosystems Change: Ecological Succession
ES Textbook, Chapter 5Pages 137-141
![Page 2: How Ecosystems Change: Ecological Succession ES Textbook, Chapter 5 Pages 137-141.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062806/5697bf931a28abf838c8f6e9/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Ecological Succession• Is a gradual process of change and replacement
of some or all of the species in a community.• Can take hundreds or thousands of years• Each new community makes it harder for the
previous one to survive.
![Page 3: How Ecosystems Change: Ecological Succession ES Textbook, Chapter 5 Pages 137-141.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062806/5697bf931a28abf838c8f6e9/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Primary Succession• The type of succession that occurs on a
surface where no ecosystem existed before, such as on rocks or sand dunes.
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Secondary Succession
• Is more common than primary succession.• Occurs on a surface where an ecosystem has
previously existed.• Occurs in ecosystems that have been
disturbed or disrupted by humans or by natural disasters such as storms, floods, earthquakes, and volcanoes.
![Page 5: How Ecosystems Change: Ecological Succession ES Textbook, Chapter 5 Pages 137-141.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062806/5697bf931a28abf838c8f6e9/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Example of Secondary Succession
• 1980 – Mt. St. Helens erupted in Washington State.
• It was one of the worst volcanic disasters because more than 44,460 acres of forest were burned and flattened by hot ash and volcanic debris.
• Have a look:• http://www.teachersdomain.org/search/?q=m
ount+st.+Helens&fq_grade=PK&fq_grade=PS
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Secondary Succession (cont.)• After the eruption, plants began to colonize
the volcanic debris. Such plants are called pioneer species.
• Pioneer species – the first organisms to colonize any newly available area and begin the process of ecological succession.
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Secondary Succession (cont.)• Over time, pioneer species will make the new
area habitable for other species.
Grasses
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Climax Community
• A final and stable community.
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Fire and Secondary Succession• Natural fires, caused by lightening, are a
natural cause of secondary succession.• Jack Pine Tree – a species of tree that can
release their seeds only after they have been exposed to the intense heat of fire.
![Page 10: How Ecosystems Change: Ecological Succession ES Textbook, Chapter 5 Pages 137-141.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062806/5697bf931a28abf838c8f6e9/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Old-field Succession
• Another example of secondary succession• Old-field succession occurs when farmland is
abandoned.1 2
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Old Field Succession3 4
5
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Primary Succession
• On new islands created by volcanic eruptions, areas exposed when a glacier retreats, or any other surface that has not previously supported life.
• Much slower than secondary succession because no soil.
• It takes several hundred to several thousands of years to create fertile soil.