How can we deal with malnutrition in food assistance programs? USDA & USAID International Food Aid...
-
Upload
vanesa-colvin -
Category
Documents
-
view
215 -
download
2
Transcript of How can we deal with malnutrition in food assistance programs? USDA & USAID International Food Aid...
![Page 1: How can we deal with malnutrition in food assistance programs? USDA & USAID International Food Aid Conference April 14-16, 2008 Martin Bloem Chief, Nutrition.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070306/551921c255034626428b4b89/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
How can we deal with malnutrition in food assistance
programs?
USDA & USAID International Food Aid Conference
April 14-16, 2008Martin Bloem
Chief, Nutrition Service
World Food Programme
![Page 2: How can we deal with malnutrition in food assistance programs? USDA & USAID International Food Aid Conference April 14-16, 2008 Martin Bloem Chief, Nutrition.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070306/551921c255034626428b4b89/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Rice and food through the eyes of food policy and nutrition
Food
Rice
Food Policy Nutrition
Employment
Income
Foodavailability
Politicalstability
Internationaltrade
Grain/cereals
Rice
Food
Food
Food fortification
Micronutrients
Malnutrition
Diversifieddiet
Plant/animalfoods
Intrahouseholddistribution
![Page 3: How can we deal with malnutrition in food assistance programs? USDA & USAID International Food Aid Conference April 14-16, 2008 Martin Bloem Chief, Nutrition.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070306/551921c255034626428b4b89/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Rice and food through the eyes of food policy and nutrition
Food
Rice
Food Policy Nutrition
Employment
Income
Foodavailability
Politicalstability
Internationaltrade
Grain/cereals
Rice
Food
StapleFood
Food fortification
Micronutrients
Malnutrition
Balanceddiet
Plant/animalfoods
Intrahouseholddistribution
![Page 4: How can we deal with malnutrition in food assistance programs? USDA & USAID International Food Aid Conference April 14-16, 2008 Martin Bloem Chief, Nutrition.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070306/551921c255034626428b4b89/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
![Page 5: How can we deal with malnutrition in food assistance programs? USDA & USAID International Food Aid Conference April 14-16, 2008 Martin Bloem Chief, Nutrition.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070306/551921c255034626428b4b89/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
![Page 6: How can we deal with malnutrition in food assistance programs? USDA & USAID International Food Aid Conference April 14-16, 2008 Martin Bloem Chief, Nutrition.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070306/551921c255034626428b4b89/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
![Page 7: How can we deal with malnutrition in food assistance programs? USDA & USAID International Food Aid Conference April 14-16, 2008 Martin Bloem Chief, Nutrition.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070306/551921c255034626428b4b89/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
![Page 8: How can we deal with malnutrition in food assistance programs? USDA & USAID International Food Aid Conference April 14-16, 2008 Martin Bloem Chief, Nutrition.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070306/551921c255034626428b4b89/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
![Page 9: How can we deal with malnutrition in food assistance programs? USDA & USAID International Food Aid Conference April 14-16, 2008 Martin Bloem Chief, Nutrition.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070306/551921c255034626428b4b89/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
![Page 10: How can we deal with malnutrition in food assistance programs? USDA & USAID International Food Aid Conference April 14-16, 2008 Martin Bloem Chief, Nutrition.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070306/551921c255034626428b4b89/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
InsufficientHealth Services &
Unhealthy Environment
undernutrition
DiseaseInadequate Dietary Intake
Inadequate Carefor Mothers
and Children
Inadequate Education
Resources & ControlHuman, Economic &
Organizational
PotentialResources
Political and Ideological Superstructure
Economic Structure
UnderlyingCauses
ImmediateCauses
BasicCauses
Manifestation
MultilateralInstitutions
Development Banks
IMF
BilateralInstitutions
PrivateSector
Inadequate Access to
Food
![Page 11: How can we deal with malnutrition in food assistance programs? USDA & USAID International Food Aid Conference April 14-16, 2008 Martin Bloem Chief, Nutrition.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070306/551921c255034626428b4b89/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
The conceptual framework for underlying causes of malnutrition
Malnutrition
Food Care Health
![Page 12: How can we deal with malnutrition in food assistance programs? USDA & USAID International Food Aid Conference April 14-16, 2008 Martin Bloem Chief, Nutrition.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070306/551921c255034626428b4b89/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
The conceptual framework for malnutrition in practice?
Malnutrition
Food
Care
Health
![Page 13: How can we deal with malnutrition in food assistance programs? USDA & USAID International Food Aid Conference April 14-16, 2008 Martin Bloem Chief, Nutrition.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070306/551921c255034626428b4b89/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
“I’m one of the few nutritionists who believes in the revolutionary idea that lack of food is a cause
of malnutrition”
-Michael Golden, at the SCN meeting, 2007
![Page 14: How can we deal with malnutrition in food assistance programs? USDA & USAID International Food Aid Conference April 14-16, 2008 Martin Bloem Chief, Nutrition.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070306/551921c255034626428b4b89/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Green Revolution
• What is the role of the production of staple food (energy) on malnutrition
![Page 15: How can we deal with malnutrition in food assistance programs? USDA & USAID International Food Aid Conference April 14-16, 2008 Martin Bloem Chief, Nutrition.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070306/551921c255034626428b4b89/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Malnutrition rates and Rice pricesTorlesse, Kiess and Bloem J. Nutr. 133:1320-1325, May 2003
![Page 16: How can we deal with malnutrition in food assistance programs? USDA & USAID International Food Aid Conference April 14-16, 2008 Martin Bloem Chief, Nutrition.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070306/551921c255034626428b4b89/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Rice consumption and rice pricesTorlesse, Kiess and Bloem J. Nutr. 133:1320-1325, May 2003
![Page 17: How can we deal with malnutrition in food assistance programs? USDA & USAID International Food Aid Conference April 14-16, 2008 Martin Bloem Chief, Nutrition.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070306/551921c255034626428b4b89/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Choices and economic status
Very, very poor
Less poor
Not poor
Moderate poor
Very poor
Rice
Rice Rice and vegs
Rice
Rice
Rice and vegs Rice and eggs
Rice and vegs Rice and eggs Rice and meat
Rice Rice and vegs Rice, vegs, and eggs Rice, vegs, eggs, meat
![Page 18: How can we deal with malnutrition in food assistance programs? USDA & USAID International Food Aid Conference April 14-16, 2008 Martin Bloem Chief, Nutrition.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070306/551921c255034626428b4b89/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Non-rice food expenditure and malnutritionTorlesse, Kiess and Bloem J. Nutr. 133:1320-1325, May 2003
![Page 19: How can we deal with malnutrition in food assistance programs? USDA & USAID International Food Aid Conference April 14-16, 2008 Martin Bloem Chief, Nutrition.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070306/551921c255034626428b4b89/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
![Page 20: How can we deal with malnutrition in food assistance programs? USDA & USAID International Food Aid Conference April 14-16, 2008 Martin Bloem Chief, Nutrition.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070306/551921c255034626428b4b89/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Food Diversity and malnutritionKlotz et al. (in prep)
2928272625242322212019181716151413121110987654321
Non Rice Items consumed in last 7 days (sum)
155
150
145
140
135
95
% C
I Ch
ild's
MU
AC
(m
m)
Cases weighted by Design weights for Division
![Page 21: How can we deal with malnutrition in food assistance programs? USDA & USAID International Food Aid Conference April 14-16, 2008 Martin Bloem Chief, Nutrition.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070306/551921c255034626428b4b89/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Intake of animal products and malnutrition Klotz et al. (in prep)
![Page 22: How can we deal with malnutrition in food assistance programs? USDA & USAID International Food Aid Conference April 14-16, 2008 Martin Bloem Chief, Nutrition.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070306/551921c255034626428b4b89/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Daily cost of a diet and income (SCF UK)
• The research, carried out in four locations in Bangladesh, Ethiopia, Myanmar and Tanzania, showed that between 15 (in Ethiopia) and 79 (in Bangladesh) per cent of households simply couldn't afford to feed their children a healthy diet.
• The comparative cost of the diet compared with the equivalent average weekly earnings in the UK,– Bangladesh €2429 a week– Ethiopia € 967 a week– Myanmar € 834 a week– Tanzania € 847 a week
![Page 23: How can we deal with malnutrition in food assistance programs? USDA & USAID International Food Aid Conference April 14-16, 2008 Martin Bloem Chief, Nutrition.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070306/551921c255034626428b4b89/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Lessons learned
• Poverty is one of the key determinants of malnutrition
• Poor people have limited access to micronutrient rich foods (non-grain component of total food expenditure).
![Page 24: How can we deal with malnutrition in food assistance programs? USDA & USAID International Food Aid Conference April 14-16, 2008 Martin Bloem Chief, Nutrition.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070306/551921c255034626428b4b89/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Nutrition and Emergencies
• Saving Lives:– Micronutrients (vitamin A,
zinc, iron, etc)
• Prevention and Treatment of Malnutrition– Complementary Foods– Ready to use
supplementary food products
– Ready to use therapeutic food products
![Page 25: How can we deal with malnutrition in food assistance programs? USDA & USAID International Food Aid Conference April 14-16, 2008 Martin Bloem Chief, Nutrition.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070306/551921c255034626428b4b89/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Micronutrient powders (sprinkles)
• 1996: Dr. Stanley Zlotkin begins conceptual development of Sprinkles in response to a global initiative to control childhood anemia;
![Page 26: How can we deal with malnutrition in food assistance programs? USDA & USAID International Food Aid Conference April 14-16, 2008 Martin Bloem Chief, Nutrition.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070306/551921c255034626428b4b89/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Tsunami December 2004
![Page 27: How can we deal with malnutrition in food assistance programs? USDA & USAID International Food Aid Conference April 14-16, 2008 Martin Bloem Chief, Nutrition.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070306/551921c255034626428b4b89/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
![Page 28: How can we deal with malnutrition in food assistance programs? USDA & USAID International Food Aid Conference April 14-16, 2008 Martin Bloem Chief, Nutrition.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070306/551921c255034626428b4b89/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Joint Statement WHO/UNICEF/WFP: Preventing and controlling micronutrient deficiencies in populations affected
by an emergency
![Page 29: How can we deal with malnutrition in food assistance programs? USDA & USAID International Food Aid Conference April 14-16, 2008 Martin Bloem Chief, Nutrition.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070306/551921c255034626428b4b89/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Obstacles
• Formulation– Malaria-endemic areas– Family, Child– Iron component
• Production– Packaging
• Family, child• Shelf life• Print
• Educational material– Formative research– acceptability
![Page 30: How can we deal with malnutrition in food assistance programs? USDA & USAID International Food Aid Conference April 14-16, 2008 Martin Bloem Chief, Nutrition.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070306/551921c255034626428b4b89/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Development of ready to use therapeutic foods
![Page 31: How can we deal with malnutrition in food assistance programs? USDA & USAID International Food Aid Conference April 14-16, 2008 Martin Bloem Chief, Nutrition.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070306/551921c255034626428b4b89/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Management of severe acute malnutrition in children
![Page 32: How can we deal with malnutrition in food assistance programs? USDA & USAID International Food Aid Conference April 14-16, 2008 Martin Bloem Chief, Nutrition.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070306/551921c255034626428b4b89/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
WHO/UNICEF/SCN Consultation
![Page 33: How can we deal with malnutrition in food assistance programs? USDA & USAID International Food Aid Conference April 14-16, 2008 Martin Bloem Chief, Nutrition.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070306/551921c255034626428b4b89/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Joint Statement WHO/UNICEF/WFP: Community-based management of severe malnutrition
![Page 34: How can we deal with malnutrition in food assistance programs? USDA & USAID International Food Aid Conference April 14-16, 2008 Martin Bloem Chief, Nutrition.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070306/551921c255034626428b4b89/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
How do we make WFP’s programs more effective?
![Page 35: How can we deal with malnutrition in food assistance programs? USDA & USAID International Food Aid Conference April 14-16, 2008 Martin Bloem Chief, Nutrition.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070306/551921c255034626428b4b89/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
2007 2010 - 2012
20% WFP FOOD
FORTIFIED
20% WFP FOOD
FORTIFIED
100%+ MICRONUTRIENT
NEEDS MET
100%+ MICRONUTRIENT
NEEDS MET
FORTIFICATION
COMPLEMENTARY FOODS
SPRINKLES
Corn Soy
Blend
General Food Basket
Cereals, Pulses, Legumes, Vegetable
Oil, Salt, CSB
Nutrition Strategy
FEEDING BETTER FOOD…
DSM is playing a critical strategic role in enabling WFP to launch the strategy at the global level.
+ micronutrients
![Page 36: How can we deal with malnutrition in food assistance programs? USDA & USAID International Food Aid Conference April 14-16, 2008 Martin Bloem Chief, Nutrition.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070306/551921c255034626428b4b89/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Role of the private sector
![Page 37: How can we deal with malnutrition in food assistance programs? USDA & USAID International Food Aid Conference April 14-16, 2008 Martin Bloem Chief, Nutrition.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070306/551921c255034626428b4b89/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
![Page 38: How can we deal with malnutrition in food assistance programs? USDA & USAID International Food Aid Conference April 14-16, 2008 Martin Bloem Chief, Nutrition.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070306/551921c255034626428b4b89/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Effective programs
• There is need for the – Use of the “right food and food products” which have
proven to be effective in saving lives, and preventing and reducing malnutrition
– Understanding of the different cultural and ecological settings of regions, countries and communities where we work
– A long-term vision behind emergency responses to make these programs part of sustainable solutions both at local and global level.
![Page 39: How can we deal with malnutrition in food assistance programs? USDA & USAID International Food Aid Conference April 14-16, 2008 Martin Bloem Chief, Nutrition.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070306/551921c255034626428b4b89/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Paul Farmer
• "We've proven that people in poor settings with very complex diseases can be treated and cured,"
• "We've had some victories,"
• "But if I were truly influential, everyone in the world would have the right to healthcare, food, clean water, other basics. That's the goal."
![Page 40: How can we deal with malnutrition in food assistance programs? USDA & USAID International Food Aid Conference April 14-16, 2008 Martin Bloem Chief, Nutrition.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070306/551921c255034626428b4b89/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
March 2003
Source: Farmer, 2003
![Page 41: How can we deal with malnutrition in food assistance programs? USDA & USAID International Food Aid Conference April 14-16, 2008 Martin Bloem Chief, Nutrition.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070306/551921c255034626428b4b89/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
September 2003, six months later
Source: Farmer, 2003