Horizontal and Vertical Alignment

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    NG[YG FD_RFRYRI LJ RIO@DLALEV

    Ergbugti _o`lla lj Idefdiirfde

    G [risidtgtfld

    lj

    Br$ Rlngs Y$ Egdfrld! Mr

    fd

    @LXF]LDRGA GDB ZIXRFOGA GAFEDNIDR_

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    Ldi lj t`i hist ixgnpais lj fdtiergtfde g`fe`wgy fdtl fts surrludbfdes$ (Olaunhfg

    Xfvir

    @fe`wgy! @llb Ol$! LX

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    HGOCEXLYDB

    Ldi bijfdftfld lj g vfsugaay gttrgotfvi gdbudlhtrusfvi `fe`wgy fs t`i bierii tl w`fo` t`i`lrfzldtga gdb virtfoga gafednidts lj t`i rluti `gvihiid fdtiergtib fdtl fts surrludbfde dgturga gdb `ungdidvfrldnidts$ R`fs tgcis ogrijua pagddfde gdb bisfed!gs dltib fd t`i GG_@RL =

    Ollrbfdgtfld lj `lrfzldtga gafednidt gdbprljfai s`luab dlt hi aijt tl o`gdoi hut s`luabhiefd wft` priafnfdgry bisfed! burfde w`fo`gbmustnidts ogd rigbfay hi ngbi $$$R`i bisfedirs`luab stuby alde! oldtfdulus strito`is lj`fe`wgy fd hlt` pagd gdb prljfai gdb vfsugafzi t`iw`lai fd t`rii bfnidsflds$

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    R`fs gppafogtfld lj g `lafstfo gpprlgo` tl `fe`wgybisfed! w`iri t`i rlgb fs fdtiergtib fdtl ftssurrludbfdes! sipgrgtis t`i lutstgdbfde prlmiot jrln

    ldi t`gt niriay sgtfsjfis hgsfo idefdiirfde bisfedorftirfg $

    Gd ixoiaaidt bisorfptfld lj t`fs `lafstfo bisfedprloiss fs oldtgfdib fd t`i puhafogtfld Gist`itfos fd

    Rrgdsplrtgtfld! jrln w`fo` t`i jlaalwfde fs ixoirptib=G eidirga ruai jlr bisfedirs fs tl go`fivi g (jalwfde( afdi! wft` gsnllt` gdb dgturga gppigrgdoi fd t`i agdb! gdb g sidsulus!r`yt`nfo oldtfdufty jlr t`i brfvir$ R`fs ijjiot risuats jrln

    jlaalwfde t`i dgturga oldtlurs lj t`i agdb! usfde ergoijua gdbergbuga `lrfzldtga gdb virtfoga trgdsftflds! gdb riagtfde t`igafednidt tl pirngdidt jigturis suo` gs rfvirs lr nludtgfds

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    R`i gafednidt lj Xt$0ergoijuaay jlaalws t`i Dguegtuoc Xfvir$

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    Fdgpprlprfgti rlgb bisfed blis dlt fdtiergti wft` t`i dgturga surrludbfdes$

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    JFEYXI 9$8R`i gafednidt lj g diw jgofafty pagys gd

    fnplrtgdt rlai fd nfdfnfzfde fnpgots ldt`i surrludbfdes$ Fd t`fs ixgnpai! t`io`grgotir lj t`i agdbsogpi wgs bfsruptib$

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    Fd t`fs gatirdgtfvi! t`i vgaaiy fs

    udbfsturhib gdb t`i rlgb fs pgrtfgaay

    s`fiabib jrln vfiw

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    @LXF]LDRGA GDB ZIXRFOGA GAFDINIDR

    OLD_FBIXGRFLD_

    R`i erigtist lpplrtudftfis jlr fdjauidofde

    t`i `lrfzldtga gdb virtfoga gafednidts lj g

    `fe`wgy loour burfde t`i pagddfde gdb

    priafnfdgry idefdiirfde p`gsis gsslofgtib wft` gdiw alogtfld jgofafty$ R`i bisfeds lj suo`

    jgofaftfis `gvi t`i nlst brgngtfo ijjiots ld t`i

    dgturga gdb `ungd idvfrldnidts t`rlue` w`fo`t`iy pgss

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    [risirvgtfld lj udfqui rloc jlrngtflds id`gdois t`i vfiw galde t`fs

    `fe`wgy

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    R`i nlri typfoga bisfed prlhain jgoib hy

    tlbgy%s `fe`wgy idefdiirs fs t`i fnprlvinidt lj

    gd ixfstfde `fe`wgy lr striit$Fd ngdy fdstgdois! t`i hgsfo gafednidts ngy

    `gvi hiid istghafs`ib wiaa lvir 7;; yigrs gel$

    Xiegrbaiss! t`i sgni hgsfo bisfed prfdofpais wft`rispiot tl `lrfzldtga gdb virtfoga gafednidts

    ogd! `lwivir! hi gppafib tl hlt` diw gdb

    ixfstfde jgofaftfis$

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    Fnplrtgdt plfdts tl oldsfbir riegrbfde `lrfzldtgagdb virtfoga gafednidts gri t`gt t`iy s`luab hioldsfstidt wft` t`i tlplergp`y! prisirvi bivialpib

    prlpirtfis galde t`i rlgb! gdb fdolrplrgti olnnudftyvgauis$

    R`i supirflr gafednidts gri ldis t`gt jlaalw t`idgturga oldtlurs lj t`i agdb gdb bl dlt gjjiot gist`itfo!soidfo! `fstlrfo! gdb ouaturga rislurois galde t`i wgy$

    Oldstruotfld olsts ngy hi ribuoib fd ngdyfdstgdois w`id aiss igrt`wlrc fs diibib! gdb risluroisgdb bivialpnidt gri prisirvib$

    Ft fs dlt gawgys plssfhai! `lwivir! tl gvlfb `gvfde

    gd fnpgot ld hlt` t`i dgturga gdb `ungdidvfrldnidts$ R`gt fs w`y t`i supirflr gafednidtsfdolrplrgti fdput rioifvib hy t`i olnnudfty t`rlue` gpgrtfofpgtlry bisfed prloiss$

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    U`id plssfhai! t`i gafednidt s`luab hi bisfedib

    tl id`gdoi gttrgotfvi soidfo vfiws! suo` gs rfvirs! rloc

    jlrngtflds! pgrcs! `fstlrfo sftis! gdb lutstgdbfde

    hufabfdes$

    R`i bisfedgtfld lj oirtgfd `fe`wgys gs soidfo

    hywgys rioledfzis t`i fnplrtgdoi lj prisirvfde suo`

    jigturis galde lur Dgtfld%s rlgbwgys$Iqugaay fnplrtgdt gs t`i oldsfbirgtfld lj t`i

    `lrfzldtga gafednidt fs t`gt lj t`i jgofafty%s virtfoga

    gafednidt$ G dunhir lj jgotlrs fdjauidoi t`i virtfoga

    gafednidt lj g `fe`wgy! fdoaubfde t`i jlaalwfde=

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    Dgturga tirrgfd

    Nfdfnun stlppfde sfe`t bfstgdoi jlr t`i

    siaiotib bisfed spiib

    R`i dunhir lj truocs gdb lt`ir `igvy vi`foais

    fd t`i trgjjfo strign

    R`i hgsfo rlgbwgy orlss.siotfld3 f$i$! twl agdisvirsus nuatfpai agdis

    Dgturga idvfrldnidtga jgotlrs! suo` gs witagdbs

    gdb `fstlrfo! ouaturga! gdb olnnudfty rislurois

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    OLNHFDGRFLD LJ @LXF]LDRGA GDB

    ZIXRFOGA GAFDINIDR

    R`i fdtirriagtflds`fp lj lrfzldtga gdb virtfoga gafednidt fs histgbbrissib fd t`i rluti alogtfld gdb priafnfdgry bisfed p`gsis lj g prlmiot$ Gtt`fs stgei! gpprlprfgti trgbiljjs gdb hgagdois hitwiid bisfed spiib gdb t`io`grgotir lj t`i rlgb trgjjfo vlauni! tlplergp`y! gdb ixfstfde bivialpnidtogd hi ngbi$

    G nfstgci ljtid ngbi hy fdixpirfidoib idefdiirs fs bisfedfde t`i`lrfzldtga gafednidt jfrst gdb t`id tryfde tl supirfnplsi t`i bisfed ldtl g

    virtfoga prljfai$ Hiogusi t`iy nust hi olnpainidtgry! lrfzldtga gdb virtfogaeilnitrfis nust hi bisfedib oldourridtay$

    Ydollrbfdgtib `lrfzldtga gdb virtfoga eilnitrfis ogd rufd t`i histpgrts gdb gooidtugti t`i wigc plfdts lj igo` iainidt$ Ixoiaaidoi fd t`iolnhfdgtfld lj t`ifr bisfeds fdorigsis ijjfofidoy! gdb sgjity! idolurgeis

    udfjlrn spiib! gdb fnprlvis gppigrgdoi ganlst gawgys wft`lut gbbftfldgaolst$

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    Ldi tlla tl gssfst fd ollrbfdgtfde `lrfzldtga

    gdb virtfoga eilnitrfis fs t`i usi lj olnputir

    gfbib bisfed OGB&$ OGB idghais `fe`wgybisfedirs tl qufocay gssiss t`i fdtirriagtflds`fps

    hitwiid `lrfzldtga gdb virtfoga gafednidt!

    pgrtfouagray fd grigs lj bfjjfouat tirrgfd$[rlpir oldsfbirgtfld lj t`isi hgsfo bisfed

    oldsfbirgtflds wfaa `iap tl idsuri t`gt hlt` diw

    alogtfld jgofaftfis gdb fnprlvinidts tl ixfstfde

    `fe`wgys jft `grnldflusay fdtl t`ifr

    surrludbfdes$

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    Ellb fdtiergtfld lj `lrfzldtga gdb virtfoga gafednidt ld g rioldstruotib twl.agdi rurga

    `fe`wgy

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    F__YI_

    R`iri gri dunirlus ixgnpais grludb t`fs oludtrylj ixoiaaidoi fd fdtiergtfld lj t`i `lrfzldtga gdb

    virtfoga gafednidts lj `fe`wgys fdtl t`ifr surrludbfdes$

    Ydjlrtudgtiay! t`iri gri gasl ixgnpais lj diw lr

    wfbidib `fe`wgys t`gt `gvi sogrrib g rurga agdbsogpi lrbfsruptib gd istghafs`ib olnnudfty$

    U`fai t`isi pgst gotflds ogddlt igsfay lr

    fdixpidsfviay hi riotfjfib! juturi prlhains ogd higvlfbib hy gppayfde t`i prfdofpais lutafdib ghlvi gdb

    t`i origtfvi gpprlgo`is bitgfaib hialw$

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    _lautfld

    Fnpgot ld t`i surrludbfde idvfrldnidt ogd hi

    nfdfnfzib hy ogrijua gttidtfld tl bitgfa burfde t`irluti alogtfld gdb priafnfdgry bisfed p`gsis gdb g

    wfaafdediss lj gaa oldoirdib pgrtfis tl wlrc tleit`ir

    tlwgrb g olnnld elga$

    Jlr ixgnpai! nfdlr gbmustnidts tl t`i lrfefdgaayprlplsib `lrfzldtga gdb virtfoga gafednidts olnhfdib

    wft` t`i usi lj s`lrt siotflds lj ritgfdfde wgaa& galde

    t`i Afdolad Higo` [grcwgy Y$_$ Xluti 7;7& fd Lrield

    iafnfdgtib t`i diib tl goqufri gdy lj t`i gbmgoidt

    `lnis gdb husfdissis$

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    Nfdlr gafednidt o`gdeis ogd gvlfb fnpgots ld gbmgoidt prlpirtfis$

    _fnfagray! g nfdlr `lrfzldtga gafednidt s`fjt gt t`i hiefddfde lj t`i prlmiot

    gaalwib jlr t`i @laafstir Hypgss _X 79:& fd _gd Hidftl Oludty! OG! tl gvlfb

    gjjiotfde g dunhir lj `fstlrfo prlpirtfis$

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    Fnpgot ld t`i `fstlrfo Nfto`iaa Jruft Jgrn wgs gvlfbib gs g risuat lj g nfdlr

    s`fjt fd t`i `lrfzldtga gafednidt lj t`i @laafstir Hypgss$

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    R`i usi lj g (out gdb olvir( bisfed!

    w`irihy t`i rlgbwgy fs pagoib hialw t`i

    ixfstfde erludb aivia gdb olvirib lvir wft` gpgrc! hufabfde! lr lt`ir puhafo spgoi ogd `iap tl

    gvlfb diegtfvi fnpgot$ Agci [agoi [grc fd

    Buaut`! ND gdb lt`ir puhafo pgrcs wiri t`irisuat lj outgdbolvir tuddias t`gt dlt lday sgvib

    `fstlrfo prlpirtfis hut gasl egvi pibistrfgds

    fnprlvib gooiss tl Agci _upirflr$

    is edirs inp lyi sivirg ou gd olvir uddi s g lde l gvl

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    is edirs inp lyi sivirg ou gd olvir uddi s g lde l gvlfnpgotfde gd `fstlrfo bfstrfot gdb tl riolddiot t`i blwdtlwd tl

    t`i wgtirjrldt

    Fd ngdy ogsis! t`iri fs g pltidtfga jlr bisfedfde g bfvfbib `fe`wgy wft`

    fdbipidbidt `lrfzldtga gdb virtfoga gafednidts jlr igo` bfriotfld lj trgjjfo

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    _ipgrgti prlj f aisgdb vgrf ib nibfgd wfbt`s ld bfvfbib rlgbwgys gri lptflds jlr bisfedirs

    tl nfdfnfzi fnpgotld t`i idvfrldnidt$

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    Igo` sfbi lj t`i fe`wgy ogd gvi g bfjj iridt gaf ednidt tl hittir fdtiergti t`i

    rlgbwgy fdtl fts sur rludbfdes

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    Ollrbfdgtfld Hitwiid @lrfzldtga gdb Zirtfoga

    Gafednidt

    U`id `lrfzldtga gdb virtfoga gafednidts gri

    bisfedib sipgrgtiay jrln ldi gdlt`ir!

    uddioissgrfay agrei outs gdb jfaas ngy hi

    riqufrib! risuatfde fd viry brgngtfo gdb ljtidvfsugaay udbisfrghai o`gdeis tl t`i dgturga

    agdbsogpi$

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    _lautfld

    Ldi lj t`i wgys tl idsuri t`i nlst ijjiotfvi

    ollrbfdgtfld lj `lrfzldtga gdb virtfoga gafednidt fst`rlue` t`i usi lj g nuatfbfsofpafdgry bisfed tign

    burfde t`i pagddfde gdb idefdiirfde p`gsis lj g

    prlmiot$ Ld suo` prlmiots gs 7:: fd Jgfrjgx gdb

    Grafdetld Oludtfis fd Zfrefdfg! t`i olnhfdib ixpirtfsilj agdbsogpi gro`ftiots! urhgd bisfedirs! struoturga

    idefdiirs! gdb `fstlrfo prisirvgtfldfsts! fd gbbftfld tl

    ofvfa idefdiirs gdb `fe`wgy bisfedirs! `gs risuatib fd

    supirflr `fe`wgy fnprlvinidt prlmiots$

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    R`i oldoipt lj usfde g nuatfbfsofpafdgry

    bisfed tign fs dlt diw3 ft wgs pfldiirib fd t`i

    igray 76;;%s burfde t`i pagddfde gdb bisfed ljt`i Hrldx Xfvir [grcwgy fd Uisto`istir

    Oludty! DV Gjtir g pirflb lj usi prfngrfay ld

    agrei.sogai lr oldtrlvirsfga prlmiots! t`fsgpprlgo` `gs olni hgoc fdtl nlri eidirga

    gppafogtfld gs g wgy tl go`fivi olnnudfty

    oldsidsus$

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    G nuatfbfsofpafdgry bisfed tign ogd `iap nfdfnfzi t`i fnpgot gd urhgd

    jriiwgy `gs ld g olnnudfty

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    IDB

    LJ

    [XI_IDRGRFLDFD

    @LXF]LDRGA GDB ZIXRFOGAGAFEDNIDR_

    OL[VXFE@R

    HVBX$ RLNG_ Y$ EGDFXLD MX

    8;;5