Horizontal Alignment TS4447 Highway Geometric Design.
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Transcript of Horizontal Alignment TS4447 Highway Geometric Design.
Horizontal AlignmentHorizontal Alignment
TS4447 Highway Geometric DesignTS4447 Highway Geometric Design
Horizontal AlignmentHorizontal Alignment
Minimum Radii Horizontal Curve
• Full Circle (FC) Tugas 3• Spiral Circle Spiral (SCS) Tugas 4• Spiral Spiral (SS) Tugas 4
Sight Distance on Curve Tugas 5• Stopping Sight Distance (SSD)• Passing Sight Distance (PSD)
Widening on Curve Tugas 5 Superelevation Diagram Tugas 6 Stationing Tugas 6
R = V2/127(e+f)
Dij Ti + Tj
Design ClassificationDesign Type & Class
Design SpeedDesign VehiclesCross Section
B
FC / SCS / SS R’ << R
A
R’ << R
Rmin = V2 / 127 ( e + f )
R minimum radii (m)
V design speed (kph)
e superelevation (%)
f side friction
Tiga Macam Lengkung HorisontalTiga Macam Lengkung Horisontal
1. Full Circle (FC)
2. Spiral-Circle-Spiral (SCS)
3. Spiral-Spiral (SS)
TC
CT
TSSC
CS
ST
TS ST
SS
PI
PI
PI
Geometric Design Geometric Design
… normally seeks to ensure uniformity of alignment and maximum levels of safety and comfort for drivers using the road, within given economic constraints. Compromise are inevitable to achieve an acceptable solution and not all objectives can be fully met. Often, however, it is possible to improve road safety implications of design features are considered at the design stage.
Potongan Melintang Rencana
Tipe Jalan : Kolektor Sekunder
Kecepatan Rencana : 40 Kph
Kendaraan Rencana : Single Unit (SU)
1,50 1,00 2 x 3,00
2,00
0,25 0,252 x 3,00 1,00 1,50
MEDIAN & JALURTEPIAN
JALUR LALULINTAS
BAHU JALAN
TROTOAR
2%2%
Minimum Radii Not Required Transition Section [RSNI T-14-2004 p.31].
Vr (kph)Vr (kph) Rmin (m)Rmin (m) Vr (kph)Vr (kph) Rmin (m)Rmin (m)
100 5.000 60 1.500
90 3.000 50 1.200
80 2.500 40 800
70 2.000 30 500
PI X Y Azimuth Angle Distance
Start 63.07 166.20
58.483 131.287
1 174.99 97.57 47.918
106.401 182.287
2 349.86 149.04 35.323
71.078 113.112
End 456.86 112.36
Azimuth, Intersection Angle, Azimuth, Intersection Angle, distance between PIdistance between PI
Panjang Bagian Lengkung MinimumPanjang Bagian Lengkung Minimum [RSNI p.27 table.11]
VR (kph) L (m)
100 170
90 155
80 135
70 120
60 105
50 85
40 70
30 55
V (kph) 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30Lc min (m) 170 155 135 120 105 85 70 55R min (m) 5,000 3,000 2,500 2,000 1,500 1,200 800 500D (degree)
0.5 19,481 17,762 15,470 13,751 12,032 9,740 8,021 6,3031.0 9,740 8,881 7,735 6,875 6,016 4,870 4,011 3,1511.5 6,494 5,921 5,157 4,584 4,011 3,247 2,674 2,1012.0 4,870 4,440 3,867 3,438 3,008 2,435 2,005 1,5762.5 3,896 3,552 3,094 2,750 2,406 1,948 1,604 1,2613.0 3,247 2,960 2,578 2,292 2,005 1,623 1,337 1,0503.5 2,783 2,537 2,210 1,964 1,719 1,391 1,146 9004.0 2,435 2,220 1,934 1,719 1,504 1,218 1,003 7884.5 2,165 1,974 1,719 1,528 1,337 1,082 891 7005.0 1,948 1,776 1,547 1,375 1,203 974 802 6305.5 1,771 1,615 1,406 1,250 1,094 885 729 5736.0 1,623 1,480 1,289 1,146 1,003 812 668 5256.5 1,499 1,366 1,190 1,058 926 749 617 485
RRFCFC Minimum Sesuai Syarat Minimum Sesuai Syarat [RSNI p.27 table.11]
PI X Y Azimuth Angle Distance
Start 63.07 166.20
58.483 131.287
1 174.99 97.57 47.918
106.401 182.287
2 349.86 149.04 35.323
71.078 113.112
End 456.86 112.36
Azimuth, Intersection Angle, Azimuth, Intersection Angle, distance between PIdistance between PI
LatihanLatihan
• Pilih 2-3 PI yang bersebelahan,
• Coba desain tikungan pada PI tersebut dengan jenis FC.
Tugas 3
1. Azimuth, D, distance between PI2. Minimum radius3. Curve type FC4. Stopping Sight Distance5. Widening on curve6. Stationing7. Superelevation diagram8. AutoCAD drawing
Dikumpulkan via Email, Minggu 23 Ags 09 (pk. 12:00) dan CDRW, Senin 24 Ags 09 (pk. 12:00) di TU Sipil
Tiga Macam Lengkung HorisontalTiga Macam Lengkung Horisontal
1. Full Circle (FC)
2. Spiral-Circle-Spiral (SCS)
3. Spiral-Spiral (SS)
TC
CT
TSSC
CS
ST
TS ST
SS
PI
PI
PI
TRANSITION (Spiral) CURVETRANSITION (Spiral) CURVE
To provide a natural, easy-to-follow path for drivers, where centrifugal force increase/decrease gradually.To provide a convenient desirable arrangement for superelevation run-off.To provide a flexible change in lane-width.To enhanced the appearance of the highway, to avoid the noticeable breaks at the beginning and ending of circular curves
Tangent RunoutTangent Runout is the general term denoting the length of highway needed to accomplish the change in cross slope from a normal section to a section with the adverse cross slope removed, or vice-versa.
2% 2% 2%0%
2% 2%2%0%
Superelevation RunoffSuperelevation Runoff, is the general term denoting length of highway needed to accomplish the change in cross slope from a section with adverse crown removed to a fully superelevation section, or vice-versa.
2%0%
2%
2%
2%
2%
2%0%
Minimum Length of Transition SectionsMinimum Length of Transition Sections
• Minimum Maneuver Time for Traveling on Transition Curve [RSNI T-14-2004 p.30].
LLSS = (Vr/3,6) = (Vr/3,6) x tx t
Vr design speed (km/h)
t running time (2 sec)
Minimum Length of Transition SectionsMinimum Length of Transition Sections
• Minimum Length of Superelevation Runoff [RSNI T-14-2004 p.30].
LLSS = W 1/ = W 1/DD (e (edd + e + eNCNC))
LLSS = W 1/ = W 1/DD e ed d AASHTO AASHTO
D relative slopes ratio (m/m)
W road width (m)
eNC normal cross fall (%)
ed design superelevation (%)
Full-Circle,
Normal Cross-Fall
Spiral-Circle-Spiral or Spiral-Spiral
Reverse Cross-Fall or Superelevation
2% 2%
2%
2%
Spiral-Circle-Spiral (SCS)Spiral-Circle-Spiral (SCS)))(90( R
Lss sc 2D
mcRLc 20180 LsLcLtotal 2
)]3456
()40
(1[ 4
4
2
2
RLs
RLsLsXs
)]7040
()56
(1[6 4
4
2
22
RLs
RLs
RLsYs
sRXsK sin)cos1( sRYsP KPRTs D ]2tan)[(
RPREs D ]2sec)[(
Tiga Macam Lengkung HorisontalTiga Macam Lengkung Horisontal
1. Full Circle (FC)
2. Spiral-Circle-Spiral (SCS)
3. Spiral-Spiral (SS)
TC
CT
TSSC
CS
ST
TS ST
SS
PI
PI
PI
Spiral-Spiral (SS)Spiral-Spiral (SS)
2Ds
90sRLs LsLtotal 2
)]3456
()40
(1[ 4
4
2
2
RLs
RLsLsXs
)]7040
()56
(1[6 4
4
2
22
RLs
RLs
RLsYs
sRXsK sin)cos1( sRYsP KPRTs D ]2tan)[(
RPREs D ]2sec)[(
LatihanLatihan
• Pilih 1-2 PI yang tidak memenuhi syarat desain FC,
• Coba desain tikungan pada PI tersebut dengan jenis SCS atau SS.
Tugas 4
1. Azimuth, D, distance between PI2. Minimum radius3. Curve type SCS & SS4. Stopping Sight Distance5. Widening on curve6. Stationing7. Superelevation diagram8. AutoCAD drawing
Dikumpulkan via Email, Minggu 30 Ags 09 (pk. 12:00) dan CDRW, Senin 31 Ags 09 (pk. 12:00) di TU Sipil
S = 15.9 d x f ±e x B%
100% Braking – Four Wheel Lock-up Skid or full ABS – Where f = 0.75 and S = 80km/hr
Front Brakes Only – 70% d = 48 meters
Rear Brakes Only – 30% d = 112 meters
One Front Brake – 35% d = 96 meters
One Back Brake – 15% d = 225 meters !!!
Potongan Melintang Rencana
Tipe Jalan : Kolektor Sekunder
Kecepatan Rencana : 40 Kph
Kendaraan Rencana : Single Unit (SU)
1,50 1,00 2 x 3,00
2,00
0,25 0,252 x 3,00 1,00 1,50
MEDIAN & JALURTEPIAN
JALUR LALULINTAS
BAHU JALAN
TROTOAR
2%2%
Minimum Stopping Sight DistanceMinimum Stopping Sight Distance[Table 10 p. 23 RSNI 2004]
Design Speed (kph)
SSD (m)Design Speed (kph)
SSD (m)
100 185 60 85
90 160 50 65
80 130 40 50
70 105 30 35
Sight Distance on Horizontal CurveSight Distance on Horizontal Curve
)]65,28cos(1[ RSsRM
[RSNI T-14-2004 p.23]
Potongan Melintang Rencana
Tipe Jalan : Kolektor Sekunder
Kecepatan Rencana : 40 Kph
Kendaraan Rencana : Single Unit (SU)
1,50 1,00 2 x 3,00
2,00
0,25 0,252 x 3,00 1,00 1,50
MEDIAN & JALURTEPIAN
JALUR LALULINTAS
BAHU JALAN
TROTOAR
2%2%
A B
Widening on CurveWidening on Curve
A traffic lane on a curve must be widened because:
• The rear wheels do not track the front wheels
• Vehicle’s front overhang requires an additional lateral space
• Difficulty of driving on curves justifies wider lateral clearance
Widening on CurveWidening on CurveWn width of traveled way on tangent, m.
U track width of vehicle (out-to-out tires), m.
C lateral clearance per vehicle assumed 0,6/0,75/0,9 for Wn of 6,0/6,6/7,2 respectively
FA with of overhang, m.
Z extra width allowance for difficulty of driving on curves, m.
u track width on tangent (out-to-out) 2,6m.
R radius of centerline of 2-lane highway, m.
L wheelbase, m.
A front overhang, m.
V design speed of highway, km/h.
Potongan Melintang Rencana
Tipe Jalan : Kolektor Sekunder
Kecepatan Rencana : 40 Kph
Kendaraan Rencana : Single Unit (SU)
1,50 1,00 2 x 3,00
2,00
0,25 0,252 x 3,00 1,00 1,50
MEDIAN & JALURTEPIAN
JALUR LALULINTAS
BAHU JALAN
TROTOAR
2%2%
LatihanLatihan
• Pilih 2-3 PI,
• Periksa syarat Stopping Sight Distance dan kebutuhan Widening on Curve.
Tugas 5
1. Azimuth, D, distance between PI2. Minimum radius3. Curve type4. Stopping Sight Distance5. Widening on curve6. Stationing7. Superelevation diagram8. AutoCAD drawing Dikumpulkan via Email,
Minggu 6 Sep 09 (pk. 12:00) dan CDRW, Senin 7 Sep 09 (pk. 12:00) di TU Sipil
Superelevation DiagramSuperelevation Diagram
emax
en
emax
cl
TS SC CS ST
Ls Lc Ls
SCS - Right TurnSCS - Right Turn
LatihanLatihan
• Pilih 2-3 PI dengan jenis tikungan SCS/SS belok Kanan/Kiri
• Gambarlah (skets) Diagram Superelevasi pada PI tersebut.