Welcome to

History 12

Political and Social History of the U.S. II

From 1876 to the present

Prof. Valadez

• For course info, syllabus, assignments, readings, lectures, and grades

• http://www.professormgvaladez.com/

Timeline

1. 1861-1865

2. 1877

3. 1920

4. 1929

5. 1941

6. 1954

7. 1989-1990

a) Civil War

b) Brown v. the Board of Education

c) Bombing of Pearl Harbor

d) End of the Cold War

e) Stock Market Crash

f) 19th Amendment

g) End of Reconstruction

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What’s a primary source?

Video clip

Get into groups of four.

Come up with a 1 min narration of the scene in the video clip.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8YTViNE9B_g

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a_iFQnY92HQ

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What’s a secondary source?

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Review U.S. Civil War

• What are the characteristics of the war?

• How is the U.S. Civil War different from other 19th century wars?

The Election of 1860

Despite so little support in the South that in many areas his name did not

even appear on the ballot, Abraham Lincoln, won a decisive victory in the election of 1860. The election of the anti-slavery Republican was seen as a calculated Northern insult by many Southerners and proved to be the last straw that would lead much of the South to secede and sink the nation into civil war.

7 Copyright (c) Houghton Mifflin Company. All Rights Reserved.

Secession

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Jefferson Davis

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Lincoln’s Address

Fort Sumter, in Charleston, S. C.

April 12, 1861, Confederates attack Fort Sumter

Lincoln proclaims Deep South in rebellion

Battles

• First major Battle of Bull Run/Battle of Manassas June 1861

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Battle of Antietam/Sharpsburg (Maryland)

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Emancipation Proclamation 1863

• Declared that emancipation was to be carried

out in the states the were in rebellion.

– Secure border states

• Emancipation Proclamation transforms the war.

– The aim is no longer just to preserve the Union but to abolish slavery.

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Scott's Great Snake

Anaconda plan

15 Library of Congress

U.S. Civil War is the 1st modern war

– Technology

– Weapons

• Taxation: Federal Income Tax

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Attacks on Civilians

• 1863 Sherman’s March to the Sea

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The Story of Us - Civil War • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=h8Hi-

O81Onk

• 1-40mins

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1865

• Union take Richmond, Virginia on April 9, 1865

• Lee Surrenders at Appomattox Courthouse

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April 14, 1865 Lincoln Assassination

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Carver Hospital, Washington, D.C. by Mathew Brady Clean and gaily decorated, this Union hospital was a vast improvement over unsanitary field hospitals. (National Archives)

Carver Hospital, Washington, D.C. by Mathew Brady

Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. 21

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1.What was Reconstruction?

2.How did African-Americans define freedom?

3.Who were the Radical Republicans?

4.What methods did southern whites use to limit African-American civil rights?

5.When did Reconstruction end?

6.What were some of the successes and failures of Reconstruction?

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Reconstruction 1867-1877

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• Blacks and the Meaning of Freedom

– Blacks relished the opportunity to demonstrate their liberation from the regulations.

– Former slaves’ ideas of freedom were directly related to land ownership.

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Reconstruction: Lincoln’s plan

• Lincoln issues his Proclamation of Amnesty and Reconstruction (10%).

– the emancipation of slaves

– swear loyalty to the Union.

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Radical Republicans 1-Punish the South for causing the Civil War 2-Fight to protect the rights of former slaves

Thaddeus Stevens

Charles Sumner

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• The Free Labor Vision

– Republican North vision of freedom: Free society

– Sharecropping

Map 15.2 Sharecropping in the South, 1880 28

President Andrew Johnson

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• Andrew Johnson

– Johnson identified himself as the champion of the “honest yeomen” and a foe of large planters.

– https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lgT9qopK-VU

• Proclamation of Amnesty

– Over 13,000 pardons

• The Black Codes

– Southern governments began passing new laws that restricted the freedom of blacks.

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• The Freedmen’s Bureau 1865-1870

– The task of the Bureau—establishing schools, providing aid to the poor and aged, settling disputes, etc.

– Failure of Land Reform

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Aftershock: Beyond the Civil War Aftershock: Beyond the Civil War 1

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oIC8ifQlDVY&feature=related

2:20mins-4mins, 5:05-10mins

Aftershock: Beyond the Civil War 2

10mins

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=si0QubYTW-Q

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13th Amendment

• Section 1. Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States, or any place subject to their jurisdiction.

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Abolishing Slavery

• 1804 Haiti

• 1814 Uruguay

• 1829 Mexico

• 1834 U.K.

• 1854 Peru

• 1865 U.S.A

• 1886 Cuba

• 1888 Brazil 34

• Impeachment

– Johnson was impeached and the Senate fell one vote short from removing him from office.

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• The Fourteenth Amendment (1868)

• Section 1. All persons born or naturalized in the United States, and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States and of the State wherein they reside. …

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– Reconstruction Act (5 military districts)

– http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MC6jaBpiS2E&feature=relmfu 2mins-6mins

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15th Amendment (1870)

– Section 1. The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude.

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The First Vote, an engraving from Harper’s Weekly

• The Black Officeholder

– Two thousand African Americans held public offices during Reconstruction.

– Hiram Revels, 1st Black senator, from Mississippi.

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Civil Rights Act of 1875

• Passed in memory of Charles Sumner

– Made segregation illegal

– Ensure that African-Americans had the right to jury service

• The Supreme Court invalidated the law in 1883

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• The Disputed Election of 1876 and Bargain of 1877

– The contest between Rutherford B. Hayes (Republican)

– Samuel Tilden (Democrat)

– The election very close, with disputed electoral votes from Florida, Louisiana, and South Carolina.

– Compromise of 1877

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Possible Writing Assignment?

Get into a group and discuss the following question.

1.What were some of the major changes in American society during the Reconstruction era?

2.Assess the social and political changes in American society during Reconstruction. Do you consider Reconstruction a success or a failure? Why?

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