High Energy, Low Pollution.
27
High Energy, Low Pollution. Why we must bring forward the Actinide Age
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Transcript of High Energy, Low Pollution.
High Energy, Low Pollution.
Why we must bring forward the Actinide Age
I'm from Brisbane, Australia and I'm currently visiting India as part of a
yoga course. The reason I'm emailing you, to be honest, is
because I'm scared. Scared of what lies ahead for the future of our
planet. I knew when visiting India that I would suffer some form of culture shock but in no way was I
prepared for the air pollution. There is no escaping it forming a cloud
over the entire country and out to sea.
It is virtually a waste land.
Callum, 18 March 2013
Why?
As of 2009, majority of Indians still use traditional fuels such as dried cow dung, agricultural wastes, and firewood as cooking fuel. (Atamand et al 2009)
Ener
gy k
g oi
l equ
ival
ent c
apita
-1 Populatio n, million s of peop le
Low inc
ome
Lower-
middle
incom
e
Uppe
r midd
le inc
ome
High i
ncom
e0
2000
4000
6000
0
1000
2000
3000
Energy consumption per capitaPopulation
Source: United Nations Population Division; World Bank (World Development Indictors)
Tota
l ene
rgy
cons
umpt
ion
kg o
il equ
ival
ent
Chad
Guinea-Biss
au
Puerto R
icoSudan
Nicarag
ua
Albania
Indonesia
Botswan
a
Mexico
Croati
a
Bulgaria
Irelan
d
Korea, R
ep.
Norway
United A
rab Emira
tes0
2.01012
4.01012
6.01012
Current population x current percapita energy consumption: EC
Source: United Nations Population Division; WorldBank (World Development Indicators); UnitedNations Statistics Division
Tota
l ene
rgy
cons
umpt
ion
kg o
il equ
ival
ent
Chad
Guinea-Biss
au
Puerto R
icoSudan
Nicarag
ua
Albania
Indonesia
Botswan
a
Mexico
Croati
a
Bulgaria
Irelan
d
Korea, R
ep.
Norway
United A
rab Emira
tes0
2.01012
4.01012
6.01012
Current population x high incomeper capita energy consumption: EJ
Source: United Nations Population Division; WorldBank (World Development Indicators); UnitedNations Statistics Division
Tota
l ene
rgy
cons
umpt
ion
kg o
il equ
ival
ent
Chad
Guinea-B
issau
Puerto Rico
Sudan
Nicarag
ua
Albania
Indonesia
Botswan
a
Mexico
Croati
a
Bulgaria
Irelan
d
Korea, R
ep.
Norway
United A
rab Emira
tes0
2.01012
4.01012
6.01012
2050 population x high income percapita energy consumption: EJ
Source: United Nations Population Division; WorldBank (World Development Indicators); UnitedNations Statistics Division
Ener
gy k
g oi
l equ
ival
ent c
apita
-1
EC EJ EUJ0
1.01013
2.01013
3.01013
4.01013
5.01013
>2 x EC
>3 x EC
Source: United Nations Population Division; World Bank (World Development Indictors)
82 % Fossil
10 %Biofuelsand otherwaste
5 % Nuclear
2 % Hydro1 % Other
Source: IEA WorldEnergy Statistics 2013
Coal
Oil
Gas
Today’s horror…In 2012 • Household air pollution: 4.3 million deaths (cooking smoke)• Ambient air pollution: 3.7 million deaths
The world’s “single highest health risk”(World Health Organisation 2014)
… and tomorrow’s hazard
Source: IPCC WGIII AR5 2014
“Global temperature increases of ~4°C or more above late-20th-century levels, combined with increasing food demand, would pose large risks to food security globally and regionally” (high confidence).
Source: IPCC WGII AR5 2014
HIGH ENERGY
LOW POLLUTION
DECARBONISED
Ener
gy d
ensit
y as
hea
t val
ue G
J t-1
Fire wood Coal Oil Liquid gas0
10
20
30
40
50
Source: World Energy Council 2013 (conversion factors)
“Ash from the burnt biomass is assumed to be returned to the agricultural land to avoid long-term nutrient depletion of the soils on which the crops are grown”. (Turner, Elliston et al. 2013)
“We examined …planting of 5% of cleared farmland (~ 2.4 Mha) by 2030, and extension of the area to 10% (~ 4.8 Mha) by 2050”.(Crawford, Jovanovic et al. 2012, CSIRO Energy Transformed Flagship)
Ener
gy k
g oi
l equ
ival
ent c
apita
-1 Population, bil lions of people
Least
develo
ped co
untries
Low inco
me
Lower-middle
income
Upper middle
income
High inco
me0
2000
4000
6000
0
1000
2000
3000
Energypercapita
Population
“Basic”, “Modern” or…?
“There could be considerable interim benefits from starting non-electrified households on a low-capacity supply for certain hours of the day as a step towards a longer-term solution.” (The Secretary General's Advisory Group on Energy and Climate Change 2010)
In the ten years to 2000, there were 240 million new household connections to electricity. This will continue to 2030.(The Secretary General's Advisory Group on Energy and Climate Change 2010)
High Energy
Low Pollution
Decarbonised
Desalination
Transport Electrification
Agricultural intensification
Synthetic Fuels
Materials recovery
Reforestation
Ener
gy d
ensit
y as
hea
t val
ue G
J t-1
Fire wood Coal Oil Liquid gas0
10
20
30
40
50
Ener
gy d
ensit
y as
hea
t val
ue G
J t-1
Fire wood Coal Oil Liquid gas Uranium (LWR)1
10
100
1000
10000
100000
1000000
Source: World Energy Council 2013 (conversion factors)
