Energy Efficiency & Indoor Air Quality...Energy Efficiency & Indoor Air Quality HIGH LOW POOR GOOD...
Transcript of Energy Efficiency & Indoor Air Quality...Energy Efficiency & Indoor Air Quality HIGH LOW POOR GOOD...
Energy Efficiency &
Indoor Air Quality
Energy Efficiency & Indoor Air Quality
HIGH
LOW
POOR GOOD
Indoor Air Pollution
The Slow, Silent & Invisible Killer
Indoor air pollution is the 2nd highest killer in India
after Blood Pressure - Global Burden of Diseases Report
1.3 million people in India die due to indoor air
pollution every year - WHO Study
Annual premature deaths caused by particulate air pollution
have increased six times since the year 2000
- Global Burden of Diseases Report
27.5% under-five infant mortality is because of indoor air pollution- TERI study
Components of
Indoor Air:
Pollutants and O2
& how they affect
us…
VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
(VOCs)1200+ different VOC’s
� Leads to - Eye, nose, throat irritation, headaches, loss of
co-ordination, nausea, damage to liver, kidney, and central
nervous system. Some organics can cause cancer in human
beings
OZONE (O3)
Forms in the atmosphere through a series of complex chemical
reactions between oxides of nitrogen (NOx) and hydrocarbons.
� Leads to - Wrinkles on skin, sensitive lungs, increased asthma
attacks & daily mortality
GOOD OZONE
Stratosphere, ozone
protects us from the sun’s
harmful ultraviolet radiation
BAD OZONE
Troposphere, ground
level ozone can damage
lung tissue and plants
It is one of the most dangerous air pollutants
� Leads to - Premature mortality, chronic respiratory
disease, weakening of eyesight. Pre-existing heart or
lung or asthmatic patients very sensitive to respirable PM
PARTICULATE MATTER (PM10 & PM2.5)
Study by
Rice University
&
Houston Fire Department EMS
Direct correlation between out-of-hospital cardiac
arrests (OHCA) and exposure to PM2.5 and Ozone
Daily average increase in PM2.5 of 6µg per day over
two days raised risk of OHCA by 4.6%
Each increase of Ozone of 20 ppb over one to three
hours also increased OHCA risk, with a peak of 4.4%
HIGH OZONE & HIGH PM2.5 DEADLY
CARBON DIOXIDE
High CO2 is indicator of elevated levels of other pollutants
� Leads to - Headaches, dizziness, restlessness, feeling of an
inability to breathe, sweating, malaise (vague feeling of
discomfort), increased heart rate & blood pressure, visual
distortion, nausea / vomiting, loss of consciousness
CARBON MONOXIDE (CO)
Combines with hemoglobin in the blood to form
carboxyhemoglobin (COHb) and disrupting oxygen transport.
� Leads to -
SULPHUR OXIDES & NITROGEN OXIDES
Lead to - Both NO2 & SO2 act mainly as irritants and affect
the mucous of the eyes, nose, throat, and respiratory tract.
� SOX Source - Various industrial processes, electrical
generation / power generation, space heating, iron heating
in industries. Coal and petroleum often contain sulfur
compounds, their combustion generates sulfur dioxide
� NOX Source - Road traffic and combustion processes
Sleep Apnea
Poor Concentration
Forgetfulness
Mood Swings
Restlessness
Depressive Thoughts
Fatigue
Decrease alertness, Memory
and Judgment
Less efficiency & Productivity
Reduced oxygen
supply leads to:
We spend 90%+ of
our time indoors
If we fix our office &
our home, will give
our respiratory
system the rest it
needs to build
immunity to fight
pollution outdoors
On average, we take
23,000 breaths in a
day. Hence,
imperative that the
air we breathe is
oxygenated and is
less polluted
But can this be done
in our polluted cities?
PARAMETERWHO/ASHRAE GUIDELINE
OTHER BUILDING
PBC%
REDUCE
CO2, ppm ambient +700 1067.5 488 54
PM10, µg/m3 50 689 24 97
PM2.5, µg/m3 15 492 13 97
VOC - Benzene, ppb NA 150 BDL 99.99VOC - Acetaldehyde, ppb NA 3125 BDL 99.99
VOC - Acetone, ppb NA 800 BDL 99.99
VOC - Toluene, ppb NA 275 BDL 99.99
Aerobic Plate Count, cfu NA 153 26 83
Fungal Count, cfu NA 48 <1 99.99
YES IT CAN…
CASE IN POINT – PAHARPUR BUSINESS CENTRE
How to get there…
Create a micro-climate
Right kinds of toxin removing plants
Proper procurement of indoor materials
‘Living’ Air filtration system
Air curtains at entry / exit points
30 feet of special mats for absorbing dust from
shoes at entrance
Elevator Area & building envelope sealed to
avoid untreated air ingress
3 varieties of plants
For growing fresh air indoors
“The Living Room Plant” “The Bedroom Plant” “The Specialist Plant”
Areca Palm Mother-in-law's Tongue Money Plant
(Chrysalidocarpus lutescens) (Sansevieria trifasciata) (Epipremnum aureum)
Simplifying the process…
Ambient air sourced from highest point of building
Air is scrubbed by passing it through an air washer
This purified air flows over plants in Patented CleanAir Planters in green house which serves as an air tank
Oxygenated air is sucked out of the air tank to the various AHUs, on different floors, through an ‘energy wheel’
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CLEANAIR PLANTERTM
- Traditionally, you need 6-10 shoulder/waist
high plants per person
- Difficult to manage so many living plants
indoors
- With CleanAir PlanterTM, you need only
~1-2 plants per person
- Makes the plants work more efficiently
31 VOC’s tested by LBNL at the Building
Michael G. Apte1 and Joshua S. Apte2
1Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA
2University of California, Berkeley, CA
April 12, 2010
Sponsored by the Assistant Secretary for Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Office of Building Technology, State, and Community Programs, of
the U.S. Department of Energy (DoE)
RESULTS: PBC was found to be at par with the best office
buildings in USA in terms of Air Quality. Given the extreme
air pollution levels in the outdoor environment of New
Delhi, this is an achievement.
RESULTS: Human HealthA study by Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, Kolkata &
Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB)
Ministry of Environment & Forests, GOI
Providing cleaner air reverses the effects of pollution
52%
34%
24%
12%
9%
Contrast
PBC
PBC
Contrast Contrast
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Based on the above study, there is a 42% probability of 1% increase
in blood oxygen saturation level of people working indoors for a
period of 10 hours at PBC
RESULTS: Breathe Fresh, Feel Fresh
Results: Energy Conservation
The various IAQ initiatives have allowed us to
maintain IAQ as per ASHRAE and USGBC LEED (for
Platinum rated buildings – i.e. 30% over ASHRAE base
specs. with minimum 15.3 CFM per person fresh air,
resulting in energy savings
Thus, as compared to ASHRAE recommended 20
CFM, PBC saves 4.7 CFM/ person of fresh air load, on
the HVAC system
The fresh air load is 0.60 watts per ft2, a reduction
of 0.18 watts/ft2
This gives an energy saving of 30% in terms of
reduced load
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Results: Energy Conservation
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ASHRAE recommends 20 CFM “fresh air” per person
USGBC LEED for Platinum is 30% over ASHRAE base specs
Hence, we pump in 15.3 CFM “fresh air”, saving us 4.7
CFM per person of fresh air load, on the HVAC system
The fresh air load is 0.60 watts per ft2, a reduction of
0.18 watts/ft2
This gives energy savings of ~30% in terms of reduced load
Economics of “GOING GREEN”
ENERGY SAVINGS
As a result of energy efficient practices, PBC has reduced its
sanctioned MDI from 850 KVA to 350 KVA
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INDOOR AIR SOLUTIONS
50,000 square feet, 6 storied building
“We grow fresh airTM” and have been rated as one of the healthiest
buildings in Delhi
First retrofit office building in India to be rated USGBC LEED Platinum under
EB O&M version
Bureau of Energy Efficiency, Ministry of Power, Govt. of India, 5 star rated
building. Certified annual average electricity consumption of 28 whr /hr/m2
6 international certifications – ISO 9001, 14001, 22000, 50001, SA 8000,
OHSAS 18001
Commitment to UN Global Compact & Women’s Empowerment Principles