7/25/2019 Heat Treating Specialties - Annealing, Tempering, Stress Relieving, Normaliz-heat Treatement Summaryt

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/heat-treating-specialties-annealing-tempering-stress-relieving-normaliz-heat 1/4

Treating Specialties - Annealing, Tempering, Stress Relieving, Normalizing, Hardening, Quenching - Rhode Island Heat Treating Services

//www.riheattreating.com/heat-treating-specialties.html[02/25/2015 4:03:33 PM]

Contact Us: 401-467-9200 | E-mail: riheattreating@gmail.co

Home  | Capabilities  |  About Us  | Contact Us  | Site Ma

 Atmosphere Brazing &

Vacuum Heat Brazing

Surface Enhancement

Vacuum Oil/Gas Quench

Heat Treating Specialties

- Annealing

- Tempering

- Stress Relieving

- Normalizing

- Hardening

- Quenching

Heat Treating Specialties

 ANNEALING (300 - 2250°F)

The purpose for this treatment is to remove stresses or soften the

material for improved mach inability or formability, alter the physical or 

mechanical properties or produce a defined structure.

Process Anneal: (500 - 1400°F)

Low temperature anneal typically used for material (ferrous or 

nonferrous) that is going to be reworked via cold rolling or drawing.

This type of anneal is also applied to material to improve formability

for forming/bending operations with reduced risk of distortion

associated with intercritical or full annealing.

Subcritical Anneal: (500 - 1400°F)

 Annealing process conducted at a temperature below the lower critical

for ferrous material and below the full anneal temperature for 

nonferrous materials. Also referred to as “process annealing”. This

anneal is used to restore ductility to the material for subsequent cold-

working/forming operations.

Intercritical Anneal: (1335 - 1600°F)

 Annealing process typically applied to ferrous material heated to and

held at a temperature between the upper and lower critical

temperatures for ferrous materials.

Intermediate Anneal: (500 - 1400°F)

 Annealing process conducted at a temperature below the lower critical

for ferrous material and below the full anneal temperature for 

nonferrous materials. Also referred to as “process annealing”. This

anneal is used to restore ductility to the material between cold-

working or hot-working operations.

Recovery Anneal: (300 - 1000°F)

 Annealing process typically applied to cold-worked material to reduce

residual stresses and recover ductility in the material. Temperatures

used are below those required for recrystallization or new grain

formation.

Recrystallization Anneal: (330 - 1450°F)

 Annealing process typically applied to cold-worked metal to produce a

new grain structure without going through a phase change in the case

of ferrous materials.

Isothermal Anneal: (1300 - 1650°F)

 Annealing process for ferrous materials partially of fully austenitize

7/25/2019 Heat Treating Specialties - Annealing, Tempering, Stress Relieving, Normaliz-heat Treatement Summaryt

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/heat-treating-specialties-annealing-tempering-stress-relieving-normaliz-heat 2/4

Treating Specialties - Annealing, Tempering, Stress Relieving, Normalizing, Hardening, Quenching - Rhode Island Heat Treating Services

//www.riheattreating.com/heat-treating-specialties.html[02/25/2015 4:03:33 PM]

followed by slow cooling to below the lower critical temperature and

held for transformation to a soft, coarse pearlite (aggregate of ferrite

and iron carbide).

Spheroidize Anneal: (1200 - 1400°F)

 Annealing process for ferrous materials (medium to high carbon, low

alloy steel) to produce a structure of globular carbides in a ferritic

matrix for improved formability and machining.

Full Anneal: (650 - 1650°F)

 Annealing process for ferrous and nonferrous materials for producethe softest, stress-free structure for improved mach inability, cold-

workability, mechanical or electrical properties, and dimensional

stability. For ferrous materials, heat to above the upper critical

transformation temperature and hold to obtain full austenitization, and

slow cool to ambient temperature. For nonferrous materials, heat at

the specified alloy anneal temperature, hold for a specified time, and

furnace cool to ambient temperature.

Solution Anneal: (900 - 2250°F)

 Annealing process for ferrous and nonferrous materials to produce a

solid solution of alloy elements for age-hardening or precipitation-

hardening, or improved machining, formability, and/or corrosion

resistance. This process is comprised of heating to a specified

temperature, holding for a specified time, and cooling rapidly toambient temperature. This process is typically the precursor to an

age-hardening operation for precipitation - hardenable alloys.

^Back to Top

TEMPERING (350°F - 1250°F)

This treatment follows a quenching or air cooling operation. Tempering

is generally considered effective in relieving stresses induced by

quenching in addition to lowering hardness to within a specified range,

or meeting certain mechanical property requirements.

^Back to Top

STRESS RELIEVING: (300 - 1400°F)Thermal Stress Relieving is generally applied to metallic materials that

have been cold-worked, formed, machined, flame-cut, or weld-

fabricated to reduce residual stresses for dimensional stability or 

reduced risk of premature failure in service.

 ASME Sect ion I: (900 - 1300°F)

Stress relieve/Post-Weld Heat Treat in accordance with ASME

Section I, PW-39 for carbon steel weldments.

 ASME Sect ion VIII: (900 - 1300°F)

Stress relieve/Post-Weld Heat Treat in accordance with ASME

Section VIII, UCS-56 for carbon steel weldments.

 AWS D1.1: (900 - 1200°F)

Stress relieve/Post-Weld Heat Treat in accordance with AWS D1.1,

5.8. for carbon steel or quench and tempered weldments.

Westinghouse 83030QA: (1175°F ± 25°F)

Westinghouse approved stress relieve procedure for carbon steel

welded structures.

General Electric P8A-AG1, P10G-AL-0003 & -0004: (1125 - 1275°F,

1125 - 1200°F, and 1250 - 1300°F)

General Electric approved stress relieve procedures for carbon steel.

7/25/2019 Heat Treating Specialties - Annealing, Tempering, Stress Relieving, Normaliz-heat Treatement Summaryt

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/heat-treating-specialties-annealing-tempering-stress-relieving-normaliz-heat 3/4

Treating Specialties - Annealing, Tempering, Stress Relieving, Normalizing, Hardening, Quenching - Rhode Island Heat Treating Services

//www.riheattreating.com/heat-treating-specialties.html[02/25/2015 4:03:33 PM]

Standard Stress Relieve: (1100 - 1200°F)

Typically applied to ferrous materials to reduce residual stresses for 

improved dimensional stability or reduced risk of premature failure in

service.

Low Temperature Stress Relieve: (325 - 775°F)

Typically applied to Stainless Steel and Aluminum Welded

Fabrications to reduce residual stresses with little or no effect of the

corrosion resistance and/or mechanical properties.

^Back to Top

NORMALIZING (1600 - 1800°F)

Normalizing is generally applied to ferrous materials to enhance the

mechanical properties of the material by refining the microstructure.

This treatment will in some instances improve mach inability and

machine finish. This treatment is sometimes used as precursor to

subsequent surface hardening to improve response to hardening, or to

provide desirable base substrate hardness.

^Back to Top

HARDENING (2250°F max)

Hardening via water-quench, oil-quench, forced- or still-air quench, or 

aging results in improved mechanical properties, hardness, and

toughness of the alloy material.

Water Quench (Up to 2250°F) & Tempering (350 - 1200°F):

This process is applied to water-hardening medium carbon and low

carbon alloy grades of steel for improved strength, hardness, and

toughness in light to moderate sections sizes.

Oil Quench (Up to 2250°F) & Tempering (350 - 1200°F):

This process is applied to oil-hardening medium-to-high carbon and

medium-to-high carbon alloy grades of steel for improved strength,

hardness, and toughness in moderate to heavy section sizes.

Forced-Air Quench (Up to 2250°F) & tempering (350 - 1200°F):

This process is applied to medium carbon low alloy grades of steel for improved strength, hardness, and toughness with reduced risk of 

distortion.

Still -Air Quench (Up to 2250°F) & Temper (350 - 1200°F):

This process is applied to air-hardening grades of steel for improved

strength, hardness, and toughness with reduced risk of distortion.

 Age Harden ing (300 - 1400°F):

This process is applied to age-hardenable, or precipitation -

hardenable ferrous and nonferrous alloys for improved strength,

hardness, and toughness with reduced risk of distortion.

^Back to Top

QUENCHING (2250°F max)

Quenching is an integral part of hardening via water-quench, oil-

quench, forced- or still-air quench, solution anneal and age, resulting

in improved mechanical properties, hardness, and toughness of the

alloy material.

Water Quench (Up to 2250°F) & Tempering (350 - 1200°F):

Water quenching is applied to water-hardening medium carbon and

low carbon alloy grades of steel for improved strength, hardness, and

toughness in light to moderate sections sizes. This treatment is also

used in solution annealing of various ferrous and nonferrous alloys for 

improved corrosion resistance, or as a precursor to precipitation or 

age hardening.

7/25/2019 Heat Treating Specialties - Annealing, Tempering, Stress Relieving, Normaliz-heat Treatement Summaryt

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/heat-treating-specialties-annealing-tempering-stress-relieving-normaliz-heat 4/4

Treating Specialties - Annealing, Tempering, Stress Relieving, Normalizing, Hardening, Quenching - Rhode Island Heat Treating Services

//www riheattreating com/heat-treating-specialties html[02/25/2015 4:03:33 PM]

Oil Quench (Up to 2250°F) & Tempering (350 - 1200°F):

This process is applied to oil-hardening medium-to-high carbon and

medium-to-high carbon alloy grades of steel for improved strength,

hardness, and toughness in moderate to heavy section sizes.

Forced-Air Quench (Up to 2250°F) & Tempering (350 - 1200°F):

This process is applied to medium carbon low alloy grades of steel for 

improved strength, hardness, and toughness with reduced risk of 

distortion. This treatment is also used in solution annealing of various

ferrous and nonferrous alloys for improved corrosion resistance, or as

a precursor to precipitation or age hardening.

Still -Air Quench (Up to 2250°F) & Temper (350 - 1200°F):

This process is applied to air-hardening grades of steel for improved

strength, hardness, and toughness with reduced risk of distortion. This

treatment is also used in solution annealing of various ferrous and

nonferrous alloys for improved corrosion resistance, or as a precursor 

to precipitation or age hardening.

Selective Quench (Up to 2250°F):

Selective quench is applied to parts requiring a select area to be

hardened without affecting the remainder of the part.

Time-Controlled Quench (Up to 2250°F):

Time-controlled quench is sometimes applied to crack sensitive parts.

This process comprises parts being quenched in a fast quenching

medium for a given time period before being quenched in a slower 

quench medium to avoid cracking while maintaining maximum

hardness.

^Back to Top

Rhode Island Heat Treating  81 Aldrich St., Providence, RI 02905

Tel: 401-467-9200 | Fax: 401- 461-8810 | URL:  www.riheattreating.com | E-mail:  riheattreating@gmail.com

Privacy Policy | Sitemap