HEART RELATED DISORDERS

BY PUSHPA.AVII ‘A’

Your heart muscle is the strongest and toughest muscle in the body.

IndexIntroduction about heart.Fact fileThe heart.Different types of heart disorders.

What is heart The heart is the organ that supplies

blood and oxygen to all parts of the body. It is about the size of a clenched fist, weighs about 10.5 ounces and is shaped like a cone. The heart is located in the chest cavity just posterior to the breastbone, between the lungs and superior to the diaphragm. The heart is surrounded by a fluid filled sac called the pericardium. Blood is pumped away from the heart through arteries and returns to the heart through veins.

What is heart disorderHeart disorder is nothing but heart disease. Heart disease is an umbrella term for any type of disorder that affects the heart. Heart disease means the same as cardiac disease. According to WHO (World Health Organization), heart disease is the leading cause of death in the UK, USA, Canada and Australia.25.4% of all deaths in the USA today are caused by heart disease.

Fact fileBlood pressure is measured by using an instrument called sphygmomanometer.

the study of the human heart and its various disorders is known as cardiology.

Depending on your body size, your body contains about 4 to 5 liters of blood.

The heart beats about 100,000 times a day.

Your heart weighs about the same as two apples.

Your heart is about the size of your hand when clenched in to a fist.

The heart Pulmonary artery Pulmonary vein Valves Right ventricle Right auricle Aorta Left auricle Left ventricle

Pulmonary artery It takes blood to the lungs for oxygenation

Pulmonary vein It brings back oxygen rich blood from the lungs and pours into the left ventricle.

Valves They separate each of the chamber so there is no mixing of blood. They allow blood to flow only in one direction.

Right ventricle It pumps blood into the pulmonary artery that takes the blood to the lungs for oxygenation.

Right auricle It gets blood from all parts of the body through veins. This blood is pumped into the right ventricle.

Aorta It carries blood to different parts of the body.

Left auricle It has thinner walls. It pumps blood into the left ventricle.

Left ventricle It has thicker walls. It pumps blood to the farthest part of the body through the aorta.

Types of heart disordersHeart disease, or cardiovascular disease, is a general name for a wide variety of diseases, disorders and conditions that affect the heart and blood vessels. Heart disease is the number one cause of death in the United States, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.  Heart diseases can also impair the functioning or structure of the heart and blood vessels. Coronary artery disease causes most heart attacks and is the most common form of heart disease.

1.Coronary artery disease 2.Hypertension 3.Restrictive cardiomyopathy

4.Alcoholic heart disease 5.Heart attack 6.Heart failure  7.Heart value disease 8.Heart muscle disease

Heart attack symptoms.

Coronary artery diseaseWhat is coronary artery disease?

Heart disease is a result of plaque buildup in your coronary arteries -- a condition called atherosclerosis -- that leads to blockages. The arteries, which start out smooth and elastic, become narrow and rigid, restricting blood flow to the heart. The heart becomes starved of oxygen and the vital nutrients it needs to pump properly.

How Does Coronary Artery Disease Develop?From a young age, cholesterol-laden plaque can start to deposit in the blood vessel walls. As you get older, the plaque burden builds up, inflaming the blood vessel walls and raising the risk of blood clots and heart attack. The plaques release chemicals that promote the process of healing but make the inner walls of the blood vessel sticky. Then, other substances, such as inflammatory cells, lipoproteins, and calcium that travel in your bloodstream start sticking to the inside of the vessel walls. 

William Harvey

William Harvey was born in Kent in 1578. He was in first to propose in 1628 the complete theory of the circulation of blood, believing that it was pushed through the body by the heart’s contractions.

HypertensionWhat is hypertension disease?

When blood exerts too much pressure on the walls of blood vessels, it's called hypertension, or high blood pressure. The cause of hypertension is unknown for 90 to 95 percent of cases — this is called essential or primary hypertension. causes include kidney and blood vessel abnormalities that can usually be corrected.

How does hypertension disease develop? Hypertension occurs when the pressure inside the blood vessels is too high. When your heart pumps, it sends blood out through the arteries. The force of your blood pushing against the walls of your arteries causes pressure. Every time your heart beats, it forces more blood into the arteries, causing the pressure to rise. Between beats, when the heart is resting, the pressure lowers.

Restrictive cardiomyopathyWhat is Restrictive cardiomyopathy?

Restrictive cardiomyopathy (RCM) is a rare disease of the myocardium and is the least common of the 3 clinically recognized and described cardiomyopathies.  Its principal abnormality is diastolic dysfunction—specifically, restricted ventricular filling. RCM accounts for approximately 5% of all cases of primary heart muscle disease.

How does Restrictive cardiomyopathy develop? Restrictive cardiomyopathy is a

disorder of the heart muscle in which the walls of the ventricles become stiff, but not necessarily thickened, so they resist normal filling with blood. There is no cure. Treatment aims to relieve symptoms caused by the backup of blood into the lungs and veins of the neck and liver.

Alcoholic heart disease

What is Alcoholic heart disease?

Alcoholic heart disease is caused by a lifestyle in which alcoholics are continue to consume an excessive amount of alcohol over a long period of time. Total abstinence is a very effective way to treat them to prevent the development of the final stage of this disease. In contrast, repetitive drinking of massive amount of alcohol is very harmful and causes exacerbation of this disease. 

Gallery of Alcoholic heart disease

Heart attackWhat is Heart attack? If the heart muscle does not have enough blood (and consequently oxygen) it dies and a heart attack occurs. Another name for a heart attack is myocardial infarction, cardiac infarction and coronary thrombosis. According to Med lexicon's medical dictionary, a heart attack is "infarction of a segment of heart muscle, usually due to occlusion of a coronary artery". 

How does a heart attack develop?A heart attack occurs when some part of the heart muscle stops getting blood and oxygen. This is usually caused by a clog in one or more of the arteries that carry blood and oxygen to the heart, as a result of coronary artery disease. The arteries become choked with fatty deposits called plaque over the course of many years. This process is called atherosclerosis. The buildup of fatty deposits, including cholesterol and other lipids, gradually narrows the artery, allowing less blood to flow through. Atherosclerosis is the main cause of a group of diseases called cardiovascular diseases -- diseases of the heart and blood vessels.

Heart attack gallery

Heart failure 

What is heart failure?Heart failure is a condition in which the heart can't pump enough blood to meet the body's needs. In some cases, the heart can't fill with enough blood. In other cases, the heart can't pump blood to the rest of the body with enough force. Some people have both problems. The term "heart failure" doesn't mean that your heart has stopped or is about to stop working. However, heart failure is a serious condition that requires medical care.

Heart failure (HF) is a condition that occurs when the heart cannot pump or fill with enough blood, which means that the heart must work harder to deliver blood to the body. The term "heart failure" is misleading because the heart does not completely fail or stop. Heart failure can be mild and cause minor symptoms, or it may be severe or even life-threatening. The most common symptoms of heart failure are shortness of breath, feeling tired, leg swelling, and other signs of fluid retention.

How does heart failure develop?

Heart valve diseaseWhat is heart valve disease?Heart valve disease is a condition in which one or more of the four heart valves (tricuspid, pulmonary, mitral, and aortic) don't work properly. Heart valves can have three basic kinds of problems:

  Regurgitation or backflow. Steno sis.  Artesia.

How does heart valve disease develop?Heart valve disease is a condition in

which one or more of the valves in your heart aren't opening or closing the way they should, disrupting blood flow into and out of the heart. There are several types of heart valve disease, but the two main types associated with heart failure are valvular steno sis and valvular insufficiency (or regurgitation). 

Heart muscle disease

What is Heart muscle disease?Heart muscle disease, also known as cardiomyopathy, may be congenital or acquired, and refers to a heart that is abnormally enlarged, thickened or stiffened. These changes to the heart muscle impair the heart’s ability to pump blood to other parts of the body, resulting in heart failure or arrhythmias.

How does heart muscle disease?Cardiomyopathy refers to heart muscle disease.

The damaged heart does not effectively pump blood. The disease usually progresses to the point where patients develop life-threatening heart failure. In addition, people with cardiomyopathy are more likely to have irregular heartbeats orarrhythmias.There are two major categories of cardiomyopathy: ischemic and non-ischemic cardiomyopathy. Ischemic cardiomyopathy occurs when the heart muscle is damaged from heart attacks due to coronary artery disease. Non-ischemic cardiomyopathy, the less common category, includes types of cardiomyopathy that are not related to coronary artery disease.

Gallery of heart muscle disease