Head and Face Development · Head and Face Development Embryonic tissues contributing to cranial...

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Head and Face Development Dr Annemiek Beverdam – School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Wallace Wurth Building Room 234 – [email protected] Resources: http://php.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/ Larsen’s Human Embryology The Developing Human: Clinically Oriented Embryology

Transcript of Head and Face Development · Head and Face Development Embryonic tissues contributing to cranial...

Page 1: Head and Face Development · Head and Face Development Embryonic tissues contributing to cranial development Craniofacial Development Branchial/Pharyngeal Arch Derivatives: - Skeleton

Head and Face Development

DrAnnemiekBeverdam– SchoolofMedicalSciences,UNSWWallaceWurth BuildingRoom234– [email protected]

Resources:http://php.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/

Larsen’s Human EmbryologyThe Developing Human: Clinically Oriented Embryology

Page 2: Head and Face Development · Head and Face Development Embryonic tissues contributing to cranial development Craniofacial Development Branchial/Pharyngeal Arch Derivatives: - Skeleton

Lecture overviewHead and Face Development

Embryonic tissues contributing to cranial developmentCraniofacial Development

Branchial/Pharyngeal Arch Derivatives:- Skeleton- Arteries- Muscles

- Cranial Nerves- Clefts/pouches

Development of the PituitaryDevelopment of the TongueCraniofacial abnormalities

DrAnnemiekBeverdam– SchoolofMedicalSciences,UNSWWallaceWurth BuildingRoom234– [email protected]

Resources:http://php.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/

Larsen’s Human EmbryologyThe Developing Human: Clinically Oriented Embryology

Page 3: Head and Face Development · Head and Face Development Embryonic tissues contributing to cranial development Craniofacial Development Branchial/Pharyngeal Arch Derivatives: - Skeleton

End product gastrulation:Trilaminar embryo

Ectoderm (Neural crest)brain, spinal cord, eyes, peripheral nervous system

epidermis of skin and associated structures, melanocytes, cranial connective tissues (dermis)

Mesodermmusculo-skeletal system, limbs,

connective tissue of skin, organs and cranium,urogenital system, heart, blood cells

Endodermepithelial linings of gastrointestinal, liver, pancreas,

thyroid and respiratory tracts

Page 4: Head and Face Development · Head and Face Development Embryonic tissues contributing to cranial development Craniofacial Development Branchial/Pharyngeal Arch Derivatives: - Skeleton

Embryonic tissues contributing to cranial development

EctodermandNeuralCrestParaxialMesoderm

Endoderm

Week4embryo

Page 5: Head and Face Development · Head and Face Development Embryonic tissues contributing to cranial development Craniofacial Development Branchial/Pharyngeal Arch Derivatives: - Skeleton

Cranial Ectoderm and Neural CrestEmbryonic tissues contributing to cranial development

Page 6: Head and Face Development · Head and Face Development Embryonic tissues contributing to cranial development Craniofacial Development Branchial/Pharyngeal Arch Derivatives: - Skeleton

Embryonic tissues contributing to cranial developmentCranial Neural Crest

Cranialneuralcrest:Cranialmesenchyme,facialskeleton,cranialnerveganglia

Cardiacneuralcrest:Melanocytes,cartilage,connectivetissueandneuronsofsomepharyngealarches,Contributestoformationofregionsoftheheart

Trunkneuralcrest:Melanocytes,dorsalrootganglia,sympatheticganglia,adrenalmedulla,nervessurroundingaorta

VagalandSacralneuralcrest:Melanocytes,gangliaoftheentericnervoussystemParasympatheticganglia

Page 7: Head and Face Development · Head and Face Development Embryonic tissues contributing to cranial development Craniofacial Development Branchial/Pharyngeal Arch Derivatives: - Skeleton

Embryonic tissues contributing to cranial developmentParaxialMesoderm

Cranial:Unsegmentedparaxialmesoderm:headmesenchyme

Trunk:Segmentedparaxialmesoderm:somites

Page 8: Head and Face Development · Head and Face Development Embryonic tissues contributing to cranial development Craniofacial Development Branchial/Pharyngeal Arch Derivatives: - Skeleton

Embryonic tissues contributing to cranial developmentEndoderm

Bucchopharyngeal membraneLiningofthepharyngealandlaryngealcavities

Page 9: Head and Face Development · Head and Face Development Embryonic tissues contributing to cranial development Craniofacial Development Branchial/Pharyngeal Arch Derivatives: - Skeleton

Craniofacial Development

Page 10: Head and Face Development · Head and Face Development Embryonic tissues contributing to cranial development Craniofacial Development Branchial/Pharyngeal Arch Derivatives: - Skeleton

Craniofacial DevelopmentHumansdevelop6pharyngealorbranchialarches(BA)

Formfromrostrally tocaudallyBA1givesrisetomaxillaryandmandibularprocess

BA5disappears

Page 11: Head and Face Development · Head and Face Development Embryonic tissues contributing to cranial development Craniofacial Development Branchial/Pharyngeal Arch Derivatives: - Skeleton

Craniofacial DevelopmentEachbranchialarchinitiallyconsistsof:Ectoderm,endodermandmesoderm

Pharyngealpouch(endoderm)Pharyngealgroove/cleft(ectoderm)

Eacharchgivesriseto:Cartilage,Artery,Muscle,CranialNerve

Page 12: Head and Face Development · Head and Face Development Embryonic tissues contributing to cranial development Craniofacial Development Branchial/Pharyngeal Arch Derivatives: - Skeleton

Craniofacial Development

Page 13: Head and Face Development · Head and Face Development Embryonic tissues contributing to cranial development Craniofacial Development Branchial/Pharyngeal Arch Derivatives: - Skeleton

Facial DevelopmentFacialprimordiaappearinweek4

Frontonasalprocessandnasalplacodes1st branchialarch:mandibularandmaxillaryprocesses

Stomodeum

Craniofacial Development

Page 14: Head and Face Development · Head and Face Development Embryonic tissues contributing to cranial development Craniofacial Development Branchial/Pharyngeal Arch Derivatives: - Skeleton

Facial development

https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/images/d/dd/Face_001.mp4

Craniofacial Development

Page 15: Head and Face Development · Head and Face Development Embryonic tissues contributing to cranial development Craniofacial Development Branchial/Pharyngeal Arch Derivatives: - Skeleton

Craniofacial DevelopmentPalate and nasal cavities

https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/images/8/8f/Palate_001.mp4https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/images/7/78/Palate_002.mp4

Page 16: Head and Face Development · Head and Face Development Embryonic tissues contributing to cranial development Craniofacial Development Branchial/Pharyngeal Arch Derivatives: - Skeleton

Facial DevelopmentPalate and nasal cavities

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DgZ_tqucdI4

Page 17: Head and Face Development · Head and Face Development Embryonic tissues contributing to cranial development Craniofacial Development Branchial/Pharyngeal Arch Derivatives: - Skeleton

Pharyngeal/Branchial Arch DerivativesSkeletalderivatives

ArteriesMuscleNerve

Cleft/Pouches

Page 18: Head and Face Development · Head and Face Development Embryonic tissues contributing to cranial development Craniofacial Development Branchial/Pharyngeal Arch Derivatives: - Skeleton

Frontonasalprocess:frontalbone,nasalbonesandseptum,lacrimalbones,nasallabyrinthsBA1Maxillaryprocess:maxilla,palatine,vomer,zygomaticbone,parttemporalboneBA1Mandibularprocess:Meckel’scartilageandmandible,malleusandincusBA2:Reichert’scartilageandhyoid(superiorpart),andstapesBA3:Hyoid(inferiorpart)BA4:laryngealcartilages:thyroidandcricoidcartilage

Frontal

Pharyngeal/Branchial Arch DerivativesSkeletal derivatives

Page 19: Head and Face Development · Head and Face Development Embryonic tissues contributing to cranial development Craniofacial Development Branchial/Pharyngeal Arch Derivatives: - Skeleton

Blue:Cranialneuralcrest-derivedbones(FNP,BA1andBA2):mostofviscerocraniumRed:Paraxialmesodermderivedbones:mostofneurocranium

Yellow:BA2-derived

Pharyngeal/Branchial Arch DerivativesSkeletal derivatives

Page 20: Head and Face Development · Head and Face Development Embryonic tissues contributing to cranial development Craniofacial Development Branchial/Pharyngeal Arch Derivatives: - Skeleton

Pharyngeal/Branchial Arch DerivativesMiddle ear ossicles and laryngeal cartilages

Page 21: Head and Face Development · Head and Face Development Embryonic tissues contributing to cranial development Craniofacial Development Branchial/Pharyngeal Arch Derivatives: - Skeleton

OssificationTwotypes:1.Endochondralossification:

MostofourskeletonBonereplacescartilagetemplate

2.Intramembranousossification:Flatbones(calvaria)Directossificationfrommesenchyme

Page 22: Head and Face Development · Head and Face Development Embryonic tissues contributing to cranial development Craniofacial Development Branchial/Pharyngeal Arch Derivatives: - Skeleton

Intramembranous Ossification

Page 23: Head and Face Development · Head and Face Development Embryonic tissues contributing to cranial development Craniofacial Development Branchial/Pharyngeal Arch Derivatives: - Skeleton

Endochondral Ossification

Page 24: Head and Face Development · Head and Face Development Embryonic tissues contributing to cranial development Craniofacial Development Branchial/Pharyngeal Arch Derivatives: - Skeleton

Pharyngeal/Branchial Arch DerivativesArteries

BA1- mainlylost,formpartofmaxillaryarteryBA2– mainlylost,stapedial arteriesBA3- commoncarotidarteries,internalcarotidarteriesBA4- leftformspartofaorticarch,rightformspartrightsubclavianarteryBA5- mainlylostBA6- leftformspartofleftpulmonaryartery,rightformspartofrightpulmonaryartery

Page 25: Head and Face Development · Head and Face Development Embryonic tissues contributing to cranial development Craniofacial Development Branchial/Pharyngeal Arch Derivatives: - Skeleton

Pharyngeal/Branchial Arch DerivativesBranchial muscles

BA1- musclesofmastication,mylohyoid,tensortympanic,ant.bellydigastricBA2- musclesoffacialexpression,stapedius,stylohyoid,post.bellydigastricBA3- stylopharyngeusBA4&6- crycothyroid,pharynxconstrictors,larynxmuscles,oesophagus (st. muscle)

Page 26: Head and Face Development · Head and Face Development Embryonic tissues contributing to cranial development Craniofacial Development Branchial/Pharyngeal Arch Derivatives: - Skeleton

Pharyngeal/Branchial Arch DerivativesCranial nerves

BA1- CranialNerveV:trigeminalnerveBA2- CranialNerveVII:facialnerveBA3- CranialNerveIX:glossopharyngealnerveBA4&6- CranialNerveX:vagus nerve

Page 27: Head and Face Development · Head and Face Development Embryonic tissues contributing to cranial development Craniofacial Development Branchial/Pharyngeal Arch Derivatives: - Skeleton

Pharyngeal/Branchial Arch Derivatives1st branchial cleft/pouch

1st pouch:tubotympanic recess:tympaniccavity,eustachian tube1st cleft:externalacousticmeatus

Page 28: Head and Face Development · Head and Face Development Embryonic tissues contributing to cranial development Craniofacial Development Branchial/Pharyngeal Arch Derivatives: - Skeleton

Pharyngeal/Branchial Arch Derivatives1st branchial cleft/pouch

BA1- elongatestoformtubotympanic recess,tympaniccavity,mastoidantrum,eustachian tubeBA2- formstonsillarsinus,mostlyobliteratedbypalatinetonsilBA3- formsinferiorparathyroid andthymusBA4- formssuperiorparathyroid,parafollicular cellsofthyroid

Page 29: Head and Face Development · Head and Face Development Embryonic tissues contributing to cranial development Craniofacial Development Branchial/Pharyngeal Arch Derivatives: - Skeleton

Development of the Pituitary

Twoembryonicorigins:1.Ectodermoforalcavity:Rathke’s pouch:adenohypophysis2.Floorofdiencephalon:neurohypophysis

Page 30: Head and Face Development · Head and Face Development Embryonic tissues contributing to cranial development Craniofacial Development Branchial/Pharyngeal Arch Derivatives: - Skeleton

Development of the Tongue

Contributionsinitiallyfromallarches:Arch1- oralpartoftongue(ant3/2)(lingualswellingandtuberculumimpar)Arch2- initialcontributiontosurfaceislostArch3- pharyngealpartoftongue(post1/3)Arch4- epiglottisandadjacentregions

Tongueisinnervatedbymusclesderivedfromsclerotomes

Page 31: Head and Face Development · Head and Face Development Embryonic tissues contributing to cranial development Craniofacial Development Branchial/Pharyngeal Arch Derivatives: - Skeleton

Craniofacial AbnormalitiesCleft Lip/Palate

Page 32: Head and Face Development · Head and Face Development Embryonic tissues contributing to cranial development Craniofacial Development Branchial/Pharyngeal Arch Derivatives: - Skeleton

Craniofacial AbnormalitiesTreacher Collins Syndrome

AutosomalDominantAffectsCranialneuralcrestmigration

BA1hypoplasiaAbnormaldevelopmentofstructuresderivedofBA1

Page 33: Head and Face Development · Head and Face Development Embryonic tissues contributing to cranial development Craniofacial Development Branchial/Pharyngeal Arch Derivatives: - Skeleton

Craniofacial AbnormalitiesPierre Robin Syndrome

BA1syndromeCleftPalateRetrognathia

Page 34: Head and Face Development · Head and Face Development Embryonic tissues contributing to cranial development Craniofacial Development Branchial/Pharyngeal Arch Derivatives: - Skeleton

Craniofacial AbnormalitiesDiGeorge Syndrome

Disturbanceofcervicalneuralcrestmigration:3rdand4thpouchdonotform:absenceofthymusandparathyroidglands

Page 35: Head and Face Development · Head and Face Development Embryonic tissues contributing to cranial development Craniofacial Development Branchial/Pharyngeal Arch Derivatives: - Skeleton

Craniofacial AbnormalitiesFetal Alcohol Syndrome

AlcoholconsumptioninearlydevelopmentCausesfacialandneurologicalabnormalities

Page 36: Head and Face Development · Head and Face Development Embryonic tissues contributing to cranial development Craniofacial Development Branchial/Pharyngeal Arch Derivatives: - Skeleton

Lecture overviewHead and Face Development

Embryonic tissues contributing to cranial developmentCraniofacial Development

Branchial/Pharyngeal Arch Derivatives:- Skeleton- Arteries- Muscles

- Cranial Nerves- Clefts/pouches

Development of the PituitaryDevelopment of the TongueCraniofacial abnormalities

DrAnnemiekBeverdam– SchoolofMedicalSciences,UNSWWallaceWurth BuildingRoom234– [email protected]

Resources:http://php.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/

Larsen’s Human EmbryologyThe Developing Human: Clinically Oriented Embryology


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