HUMAN DEVELOPMENT INDEX

• Rana Kiransingh• Roll No. - 11358

Definition of HDI

• Composite statistic used to rank countries by level of “human development”.

• Distinguish "very high human development", "high human development", "medium human development", and "low human development" countries.

• Comparative measure of life expectancy, literacy, education and standards of living for countries worldwide.

Introduction

• Origin: Annual Human Development Reports of the UNDP.

• Devised and launched by Pakistani economist Mahbub ul Haq in 1990.

• Purpose: To shift the focus of development economics from national income accounting to people centered policies.

• Nobel laureate Amartya Sen’s work on capabilities and functioning provided the underlying conceptual framework.

Components of HDI

• Life expectancy at birth, as an index of population health and longevity

• Knowledge and education, as measured by the adult literacy rate (with two-thirds weighting) and the combined primary, secondary, and tertiary gross enrollment ratio (with one-third weighting).

• Standard of living, as indicated by the natural logarithm of gross domestic product per capita at purchasing power parity.

The HDI combined three dimensions up until its 2011 report

1.Life Expectancy Index (LEI)

2.Education Index (EI) 2.1 Mean Years of Schooling Index (MYSI) 2.2 Expected Years of Schooling Index (EYSI)

3. Income Index (II)

Calculation of HDI

Criticism of HDI

1.Failure to include any ecological consideration.2.Less attention to development from global

perspective.3.Measurement error of underlying statistics.4.Does not consider moral development.

HUMAN DEVELOPMENT INDEXWorld map by quartiles of Human Development Index in 2011.

HDI Cut-offsHDI Rank

HDI Value

Life Expectancy at birth (years)

Mean years of Schooling (years)

Expected years of schooling (years)

Gross National Income per Capita ($)

Very high Human

Development

0.889 80.0 11.3 15.9 33,352

High Human Development

0.741 73.1 8.5 13.6 11,579

Medium Human

Development

0.630 69.7 6.3 11.2 5,276

Low Human development

0.456 58.7 4.2 8.3 1,585

Note:a. Data refer to 2011 or the most recent year available.b. Updated by HDRO based on UNESCO (2011) data.

HDI Rankings of a few Countries (2011)HDI Rank

HDI Value Life Expectancy at birth (years)

Mean years of Schooling (years)

Expected years of schooling (years)

Gross National Income per Capita ($)

1. Norway 0.943 81.1 12.6 17.3 47,557

4.USA 0.910 78.5 12.4 16.0 43,017

12.Japan 0.901 83.4 11.6 15.1 32,295

84. Brazil 0.718 73.5 7.2 13.8 10,162

97. Sri Lanka 0.691 74.9 8.2 12.7 4,943

101. China 0.687 73.5 7.5 11.6 7,476

134. India 0.547 65.4 4.4 10.3 3,468

Note:a. Data refer to 2011 or the most recent year available.b. Updated by HDRO based on UNESCO (2011) data.

The top-ranked country from each year of the Human Development Index. Norway have been ranked the highest nine times, Canada eight times,

followed by Japan which has been ranked highest three times.• 2011 (2011)– Norway• 2010 (2010)– Norway• 2009 (2007)– Norway• 2008 (2006)– Iceland / Norway• 2007 (2005)– Iceland• 2006 (2004)– Norway• 2005 (2003)– Norway• 2004 (2002)– Norway• 2003 (2001)– Norway• 2002 (2000)– Norway• 2001 (1999)– Norway

• 2000 (1998)– Canada• 1999 (1997)– Canada• 1998 (1995)– Canada• 1997 (1994)– Canada• 1996 (1993)– Canada• 1995 (1992)– Canada• 1994 (????)– Canada• 1993 (????)– Japan• 1992 (1990)– Canada• 1991 (1990)– Japan• 1990 (????)– Japan

Disaggregation of HDI

• A country's overall index can conceal the fact that different groups within the country have very different levels of human development.

• Using disaggregated HDIs at the national and sub-national levels helps highlight the significant disparities and gaps: among regions, between the sexes, between urban and rural areas and among ethnic groups.

• It helps to guide policy and action to address gaps and inequalities.

• According to Human Development Report 2006, it was found that the richest 20% of the population in Bolivia had an HDI rank 97 positions higher than the poorest 20%.

INDIA v/s WORLDHDI Rank

HDI Value Life Expectancy at birth (years)

Mean years of Schooling (years)

Expected years of schooling (years)

Gross National Income per Capita ($)

India 0.547 65.4 4.4 10.3 3,468

World 0.682 68.9 7.4 11.3 10,082

Note:a. Data refer to 2011 or the most recent year available.b. Updated by HDRO based on UNESCO (2011) data.

HDI Values for Indian States

Rank State/Union Territory HDI

Very High human development

1 Kerala 0.920

2 Chandigarh 0.86

3 Delhi 0.875

4 Lakshadweep 0.796

5 Mizoram 0.79

High human development

6 Goa 0.779

7 Nagaland 0.77

8Andaman and Nicobar Islands 0.766

9 Daman and Diu 0.754

10 Pondicherry 0.748

11 Manipur 0.707

Medium human development

12 Maharashtra 0.689

13 Sikkim 0.684

14 Himachal Pradesh 0.681

15 Punjab 0.679

16 Tamil Nadu 0.675

17 Haryana 0.644

18 Uttarakhand 0.628

Rank State/Union Territory HDI

19 West Bengal 0.625

20 Gujarat 0.621

21 Dadra and Nagar Haveli 0.618

22 Arunachal Pradesh 0.617

23 Tripura 0.608

24 Jammu and Kashmir 0.601

25 Karnataka 0.6

26 Meghalaya 0.585

27 Andhra Pradesh 0.572

- All India 0.547

28 Rajasthan 0.537

29 Assam 0.534

30 Chhattisgarh 0.516

31 Jharkhand 0.513

Low human development

32 Uttar Pradesh 0.49

33 Madhya Pradesh 0.488

34 Orissa 0.452

35 Bihar 0.449

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