Gross anatomy of lungs There are a pair of lungs in the thoracic cavity. Each lung is covered by...
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Transcript of Gross anatomy of lungs There are a pair of lungs in the thoracic cavity. Each lung is covered by...
Gross anatomy of lungs
• There are a pair of lungs in the thoracic cavity.• Each lung is covered by pleura. Protected by thoracic skeleton.• Each lung has an apex, a broad base or inferior surface, sharp anterior border, and
sharp inferior border.• Each lung has sterno-costal surface, diaphragmatic surface and mediastinal
surface.• Right lung is shorter than the left due to right lobe of liver pushing the right lung
superiorly. • There are 3 lobes in right lung and 2 lobes on left lung.• There are two fissures in right lung, oblique and horizontal fissures.• Left lung has only one oblique fissure.
The pleura is a serous membrane over the lungs• It has a parietal layer and a visceral layer.• The space between them is the pleural cavity, containing a scanty
amount of pleural fluid.• The inflammation of pleura is called as pleurisy. The parietal pleura
has somatic nerve supply and it is pain sensitive. Where as visceral pleura is pain insensitive.• Due to injury pleural cavity may contain blood, it is hemothorax,
pyothorax if it contains pus and pneumothorax if it contains air.
The right lung
• The right lung displaying its two main fissures the horizontal and the oblique one.• They divide the right lung into
three lobs "the upper lobe, the middle lobe, and the inferior lobe“.
A bronchopulmonary segment is an independent unit
• The trachea divides into the left and right principal bronchi and enter the lung substance and divide.
• Each principal bronchus divides into secondary bronchi, superior lobar, middle lobar and inferior lobar bronchi. Each lobar bronchus divides in to tertiary bronchi. The lung substance attached to each tertiary bronchus constitutes a BP segment.
• Each segment has its own pulmonary arterial branch and thus, the bronchopulmonary segment is a portion of lung supplied by its own bronchus and artery.• Each segment is functionally and anatomically discrete meaning that a single
segment can be surgically removed without affecting its neighbours.
Left lung•Right lung• A PALM Seed Makes Another Little Palmsuperior lobe• apical• posterior• anterior
middle lobe • lateral• medial
inferior lobe• superior• medial-basal• anterior-basal• lateral-basal• posterior-basal
superior lobe • apico-posterior (merger of "apical"
and "posterior")• anterior
lingula of superior lobe • inferior lingular• superior lingular
inferior lobe• superior• anteromedial basal (merger of
"anterior basal" and "medial basal")
• posterior basal• lateral basal
As the trachea divides into two principal bronchi, the right bronchus is wider and shorter and runs more vertically than the left.• Because of the right bronchus is wider
and shorter and runs vertically than the left bronchus, aspirated foreign bodies are more likely to enter and lodge in it or one of its branches.
References:- Essential Clinical Anatomy-4th edition-Keith Moore( pages 68-79)
• http://www.rvuanatomy.com/pleura-and-lungs-checklist.html• http://www.rvuanatomy.com/pleura-lungs-and-posterior-thoracic-wal
l.html• http://radiopaedia.org/articles/bronchopulmonary-segmental-anato
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