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An innovative ecological intensification project for society and the planet.
« La mission de l’humanité, c’est de transformer l’énergie solaire en conscience. » (Humanity’s mission is to transform solar energy into awareness.)
Patrick Viveret, French philosopher
Table of contents
INTRODUCTION to the Grignon Energie Positive
programme............................................ page 1 Origins and context of the programme............................ page 2
A multi-party project ................................................. page 3
Presentation of the Grignon farm .................................. page 4
ASSESSING the Grignon farm fossil fuel consumptions
and greenhouse gas emissions ..................... page 5 Our sustainability ambition and goals: The “3 Ps” hat trick .. page 6
Results of the 1st carbon and energy assessment of the farm
in 2006 ................................................................. page 7
Results put into perspective ........................................ page 8
Precise environmental accounting ................................ page 9
MEASURING the Grignon farm fossil fuel consumptions
and greenhouse gas emissions ................... page 10 Measuring crops’ nitrous oxide emissions ........................ page 11
Measuring cows’ enteric methane emissions .................... page 12
REDUCING the Grignon farm fossil fuel consumptions
and greenhouse gas emissions ................... page 13 Adapting the production system .................................. page 14
A distinct improvement in the energetic and carbon
performance of milk production ................................. page 15
More mitigated results for cash crops ........................... page 16
An example of innovation: Chaff harvest ...................... page 17
The production of renewable energy with miscanthus ....... page 18
The production of renewable energy using
biomethanization and photovoltaic .............................. page 19
Beyond fossil fuel and greenhouse gas .......................... page 20
INFORMING the professionals, the general public and
the future generation ............................. page 21 Communicating positively towards the professionals ......... page 22
An innovative way of communicating to the
general public ........................................................ page 23
Introduction to the Grignon Energie Positive programme
Page 1
Origins and context of the programme
Measuring Reducing Introduction Assessing
Page 2
Informing
It is time to take action, to show that a both productive and sustainable agriculture is possible.
An innovative ecological intensification project for society and the planet.
society
A multi-party project
AgroParisTech, Europe’s leading Institute of research, education and technology for Agriculture, Food and Environmental Sciences.
Private and public partners.
Board of directors: Olivier Lapierre (Director of Céréopa and Professor at AgroParisTech), Thierry Doré (Professor at AgroParisTech and researcher at INRA*), Bernard de Franssu (Director of the Grignon Farm).
Operations team: Marion Barral (Communications Project Manager), Dominique Tristant (Technical Project Manager), Sophie Carton, Yves Python (Project Executives).
Scientific board: Philippe Schmidely (Researcher in animal nutrition), Benoît Gabrielle (Researcher in crop production), Jean-Pierre Henry (Researcher in ecology), Thierry Bonaudo (Researcher in animal production).
The Grignon Energie Positive programme (GE+) takes place at AgroParistech’s experimental farm near Paris, in partnership with private and public companies.
Céréopa, consultancy arm of AgroParisTech with high expertise in economic and environmental modelling and assessment of agro-food systems.
The experimental farm at Grignon, used by researchers and students to experiment with new technologies in order to meet key issues in agriculture.
Measuring Reducing Introduction Assessing Informing
An innovative ecological intensification project for society and the planet.
Page 3
* INRA: French institute for agronomic research
Presentation of the Grignon farm
CATTLE 120 dairy cows > 1,2 million L milk/year.
500 meat ewes.
DIRECT SELLING
Shop on the farm.
EDUCATION 10 000 visitors/year: schools, students, general public, professionals.
PROCESSING AND CONDITIONNING Bottled milk, yoghurts and cream.
CROPS Cereals, fodder crops, grassland, energetic crops.
Measuring Reducing Introduction Assessing Informing
LOCATION 40 km South-West from Paris. 546 hectares.
An innovative ecological intensification project for society and the planet.
The Grignon farm benefits from an exceptional scientific environment. INRA (French institute for agronomic research) researchers and AgroParisTech students experiment all year long with innovative solutions that will be part of tomorrow’s agriculture. The diversity of the Grignon farm enables the study of different productions and their complex interactions. Consisting of three parts separated by up to 30 km, the farm offers a unique opportunity to study the environmental impacts of farming practices in different areas. With its cows producing 10,000 litres of milk/year and wheat yields reaching 9 tons/ha in 2008, it is a showcase for a both productive and environmentally performing agriculture using the means of ecological intensification. In addition to that, the production of yoghurts, milk and cream on the farm enables the study of the environmental impacts of whole food chains, instead of being limited to the farm boundaries. Last but not least, its location on the outskirts of Paris makes it a life-size educational tool for the general public and schools.
Page 4
Assessing the Grignon farm fossil fuel consumptions and greenhouse gas emissions
Page 5
Measuring Reducing Introduction Assessing Informing
An innovative ecological intensification project for society and the planet.
The performance triangle
In Grignon we believe that environmental performance must rhyme with economic performance to be legitimate. In terms of environmental performance, our objective is to reduce the farm's carbon emissions as much as possible through agronomic means and to compensate locally (on the farm and its surroundings) the emissions we cannot eliminate. We also aim at becoming a positive energy farm, that is to say a farm that produces more energy than it actually consumes. Therefore we will be able to produce energy for society. But we also think that progress towards environmental sustainability should not disengage agriculture from production. The recent hunger crisis and the world demographic growth are signals of a future where food scarcity in both developing and developed countries will be a major issue in the forthcoming decades. Therefore we believe that the first mission of agriculture should always be to produce food.
Our sustainability ambition and goals: The “3 P's” hat trick
PerfAgroP3, a simulation tool to assess the “3 P's” at the scale of a farm
PerfAgroP3 models all the different types of productions of the farm and their interactions. It enables the assessment of different technical solutions and their impacts on profit (economic margin), fossil fuel consumption, greenhouse gas emissions and food production (calories and proteins).
Page 6
Example: Simulation with PerfAgroP3 of the introduction of three different solutions on the Grignon farm
Measuring Reducing Introduction Assessing Informing
An innovative ecological intensification project for society and the planet.
Results of the 1st carbon and energy assessment of the farm in 2006
The fossil fuel consumptions and greenhouse gas emissions assessment of the farm was done in 2006, with the farm data from 2005 and the bilan Planète
methodology and references.
This study gave the following results:
17 millions MJ fossil fuel consumption, which is the equivalent of the average consumption of
100 persons ;
2,600 tons CO2 -eq, which corresponds to the
emissions of 440 persons.
Page 7
Measuring Reducing Introduction Assessing Informing
An innovative ecological intensification project for society and the planet.
Results put into perspective...
These figures correspond to:
The fossil fuel consumption of 100 persons ;
The greenhouse gas emissions of 440 persons.
The Grignon farms feeds:
7,500 persons (proteins*) ;
9,500 persons (calories*).
*Calculated using FAO nutritional references.
Page 8
Measuring Reducing Introduction Assessing Informing
An innovative ecological intensification project for society and the planet.
Precise environmental accounting In order to improve our assessments, we have developed the environmental performance dashboard. This original tool traces all the incoming and outgoing flows on the farm. It is made of
three modules:
1 The "references" module: It is made of all the impact coefficients that we use for our assessments. They come from different scientific sources and are regularly updated.
2 The "flows" module: It contains the monthly data of the energy and matter flows of the farm.
3 The "crop management system" module: It contains all the technical information about the crop management on the farm.
The outputs of the environmental performance
dashboard are:
Crops: MJ or kg CO2 per ton and per ha.
Cowshed: MJ or kg CO2 per L of milk and per kg of meat.
Sheepfold and dairy: MJ or kg CO2 per € of activity
turnover or per kg of final product.
Page 9
Measuring the Grignon farm fossil fuel consumptions and greenhouse gas emissions
Page 10
Reducing Introduction Assessing Informing
An innovative ecological intensification project for society and the planet. Measuring
Measuring crops' nitrous oxide emissions Due to the lack of reliable data on greenhouse gas emissions, a system enabling the measurement of crops' nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions was set up in Grignon.
Experimental protocol:
A hermetic chamber is laid on the ground.
Three air samples are made while N2O is accumulating in the chamber.
N2O emitted by the soil is trapped in the chamber. Its concentration grows with time.
The samples are analysed in order to determine the N2O concentration.
The concentration gradient indicates the soil N2O emissions dynamic.
Time
Concentration
Gradient
First results : The first results of the N2O emissions measurements on different crops in the Grignon farm are coherent with the IPCC and INRA (French institute for agronomic research) bibliography data.
Alfafa 2008 Alfafa 2009
Maize 2008 Spring barley 2009
Switchgrass 2008 Switchgrass 2009
Miscanthus 2008 Miscanthus 2009
Meadow 2008 Meadow 2009
Wheat 2008 Winter barley 2009
Winter barley 2008 Maize 2009
Wheat 2009
Crops
Forest
Chambers
N20 (%) in total nitrogen loss Page 11
Reducing Introduction Assessing Informing
An innovative ecological intensification project for society and the planet. Measuring
Measuring cows’ enteric methane emissions Over the last few months we have been testing equipment designed for the measurement of cows’ enteric methane emissions. This equipment is now fully operational. Coupled with a system that measures cows’ individual daily feed ingestion, it offers the opportunity to test the effect of different diets on cows’ enteric methane emissions.
Illustrations:
The method we have selected consists of the measurement of enteric CH4 emissions using a trace gas, SF6. This method was developed by an American research team and its reliability is now recognised by the scientific community. Methodology:
1. The animal ingests a capsule (picture 1) that emits SF6 with a continuous flow. SF6 is a greenhouse gas also referred to as "sulphur hexafluoride". Its global warming potential is 22,800 times that of CO2 when compared over a 100 year period. Once located in the cow’s rumen, the
capsule remains active for 4 to 6 months.
2. A PVC vacuum tube (picture 2) is fixed around the cow’s
neck.
3. The tube is then connected to a capillary tube (3a). This capillary tube reaches a filter located just above the cow’s nostrils (3b). The depression effect sucks in the gas eructed by the animal (blue arrow). After 24 hours, the air sample contained in the PVC tube is collected and is then
analysed to determine the SF6 and CH4 concentrations.
The first cattle feed trials are not complete yet, hence the results cannot be communicated at this stage of research.
Page 12
Reducing the Grignon farm fossil fuel consumptions and greenhouse gas emissions
Page 13
Keeping a high production level
> to maximise the efficiency of all the
resources put into the production system (cattle feed, electricity for the cowshed and the milking machine, etc.).
More grazing for non-productive cows
> to take advantage of a low-energy
feed when the cows' nutritional needs are lower.
Introduction of more legumes in the crop rotation
> to reduce the use of fertilizers
> to produce more forage for the cattle.
Increase in cattle feed energetic density with products like rape cake (which fat also has the ability to reduce cows’ enteric methane emissions).
Test (3 ha) of energetic crops (switchgrass and miscanthus)
> to produce renewable
energy.
Minimal soil work whenever possible
> to improve carbon soil storage
> to reduce the energetic cost of
mechanization and more specifically of soil work.
Cereal chaff harvest
> to reduce weeding
(see page 16)
> to facilitate the
implementation of minimal soil work.
After the initial carbon and energy assessment, different technical solutions were simulated with PerfAgroP3 (see page 6). The most efficient of them were selected and have been implemented on the farm since 2007.
Introduction Assessing Informing
An innovative ecological intensification project for society and the planet. Measuring Reducing
Adapting the production system
Page 14
- 40% fossil fuel consumption
-17% greenhouse gas
emissions
Consommations énergétiques (MJ / yaourt)
2006 2008
Etapes agricoles* 0,56 0,41
Fabrication 0,62 0,62
Emballages et services extérieurs
0,64 0,64
Total 1,82 1,67
Emissions de gaz à effet de serre (g.éq.CO2 / yaourt)
2006 2008
Etapes agricoles* 114 96
Fabrication 18 18
Emballages et services extérieurs
41 41
Total 173 155
* catégorie comprenant la production du lait à Grignon sur place et les étapes agricoles de la poudre de lait incorporée au yaourt
The peak in August 2007 and the trough in August 2008 are due to the time-lag of effluents spreading from one year to another. During the 12 months preceding August 2007, there was only one effluent spreading whereas there were three during the 12 months preceding August 2008. Please note that effluents are counted as negative in our environmental assessments because their impacts are attributed to the crops that use them as fertilizers.
Introduction Assessing Informing
An innovative ecological intensification project for society and the planet. Measuring Reducing
A distinct improvement in the energetic and carbon performance of milk production
Others
Cattle feed
Effluents transfer (eq. chemical NPK)
The path to progress
The improvement of the Grignon yogurt fossil fuel and carbon profile
An efficiency gained through cattle feed optimization
Fossil fuel consumptions (MJ/yoghurt)
Greenhouse gas emissions (g CO2 eq. /yoghurt)
Agricultural stages*
Processing
Packaging and external services
Agricultural stages*
Processing
Packaging and external services
* Item includes milk production at the Grignon farm and agricultural stages that are necessary to produce the milk powder that is added to the yoghurts.
Page 15
The global greenhouse gas emissions and fossil fuel consumptions of crops have increased over the last three years. This is due to a very favourable winter in 2006 with good soil mineralisation and as a consequence, very little
fertilizer use in 2007.
Introduction Assessing Informing
An innovative ecological intensification project for society and the planet. Measuring Reducing
More mitigated results for cash crops
Page 16
Fo
ssil
fuel
co
nsu
mp
tio
n
(GJo
ule
s/ye
ar)
Glo
bal w
armin
g in
dex
(ton
s CO
2 /year)
Graph. 1
Number of persons fed (calories)
Number of persons fed (proteins)
+21%
+34%
Graph. 2
Fossil fuel Greenhouse gas
Environmental costs structure of cash crops
Others
Machines
Fuel
Effluents
Chemical fertilizers
Graph. 3
Nevertheless, the ability of the farm to feed people has grown dramatically. Fossil fuel
consumptions and greenhouse gas emissions have decreased by 15 and 23% per person fed.
The structure of the environmental costs of cash crops shows that fertilization is the most impacting item. Nitrogen balances are carried out every year in Grignon in order to reduce the impact of fertilization. However, as mentioned previously, the availability of nitrogen for plants is very much influenced by climate. In addition to that, we try to apply nitrogen in its organic form rather than chemical form, whenever and wherever possible. But the effects of organic nitrogen are not immediate, thus this creates a bias in our analysis because we don’t
immediately benefit from our practices.
RESULTS 1
2 3
Hypotheses used in PerfAgroP3 for chaff
Average yield 0.5 to 2.5 ton/ha Use Cattle feed
Differences between the chaff harvest + no tillage option compared to the initial situation
Harvesting cost +66€/ha Harvesting time +1hour/ha Herbicide -20€/ha
Prices 2007/2008
Fuel price 0.8€/L Fertilizer price 214€/ton (ammo 26,5) Wheat price 175€/ton
With the prices of 2008 (fuel at 0.8 €/L, fertilizers at 214 €/ton), the increase by 21% of the economic margin occurs with very few changes in the crop rotation and the same milk
production.
The more the fuel price increases, the more chaff harvesting associated with no-tillage becomes an
economically interesting option.
PerfAgroP3 (see page 6) was used in 2008 to evaluate the interest of associating chaff harvest to no-tillage for cereal crops (which represent 1/3 of the total crop surface at Grignon). Here are some
results of this study.
In the 2008 context, the chaff harvesting + no tillage system reduces environmental impacts (4% decrease in fossil fuel consumption) and increases the number of persons fed (+ 200 persons). This is due to the fact that chaff is used as cattle feed and as a consequence less
forage and more cereals can be produced on the farm.
"Feeding" performance
€€
Environmental performance
Economic performance
Initial situation
Chaff harvest + no tillage
Page 17
Introduction Assessing Informing
An innovative ecological intensification project for society and the planet. Measuring Reducing
Chaff is made up of glumes, hulls, unthreshed heads and pods, short straw, leaf material and whole or cracked kernels or seeds from cereal, oilseed and pulse crops. Weed seeds are also a major component of chaff. Chaff can be used: > As combustible material for a biomass boiler ; > As cattle feed for cows and sheep (option chosen at Grignon in 2008) ; > As litter, especially for poultry.
An example of innovation: Chaff harvest
Variations in economic margin according to changes in fuel and fertilisers prices
Base 100: Economic margin 2007/2008
Initial production system
Chaff harvest + No tillage
Initial production system
Chaff harvest + No tillage
Fuel and fertilizer prices 2007/2008
Prices x 2
State-of-the-art knowledge (November 2008) Permanent crop rich in lignin and cellulose Reproduction: vegetative multiplication Fertilization: 0 to 100 kg N/ha, P and K often not necessary Yields: 5 to 10 tons of dry matter/ha the 2d year and 12 to 20
the following years.
Hypotheses: Yields: 15 ton/ha on the Grignon plateau, 10 ton/ha in the park Energetic value: 0.28 toe/ton Price of the substituted fuel: 700 €/1000 Litres Price of miscanthus used as combustible: 132€/ton *
The Grignon farm becomes a "positive energy farm" with 70 ha of miscanthus: The economic performance is virtually unchanged (+ 4%) The net energetic balance is positive: + 65 toe The use of miscanthus as combustible (replacing fuel) compensates about 1,250
tons of CO2 / year The farm feeds 6,300 persons
Crop life length: 15 to 20 years Implantation: potato planter, manure spreader
or specific planter Implantation cost: 3,000 to 3,500 €/ha Harvesting cost: 40 à 45 €/ton of dry matter Calorific value: 4,700 kWh/ton of dry matter
Pilot Miscanthus field at Grignon
20,000 rhizomes/ha planted in May 2008 on 1,5 ha Chemical weeding but no fertilization June 2008: Only 10 to 30% of plants grown, probably
because of hydric stress.
Major damage (20 to 25% of all the rhizomes) because of birds. Crop grinding in February 2009, 1st sprouts in April 2009.
1
2
3
Sensibility study: The ratio "miscanthus surface" / "Total crop surface" is
significantly influenced by the yield and selling price of miscanthus and by the price of wheat.
Implantation costs, paid off over 15 years, do not have an impact on miscanthus surfaces.
PerfAgroP3 simulation results
We can ensure good growth and good yields of miscanthus with high implantation costs (specific material, high quality rhizomes, etc.).
Miscanthus et Grignon, April 2009
* Taking into account transport and storage loss and a price of 474 € / toe (i.e. 90 $ / barrel) for miscanthus. Page 18
Introduction Assessing Informing
An innovative ecological intensification project for society and the planet. Measuring Reducing
The production of renewable energy with miscanthus
The biomethanization project at Grignon:
A preliminary study for the installation in Grignon of a biomethanization unit was done in partnership with Suez.
Characteristics of the digester planned for Grignon:
10,000 tons of waste (half farm waste, half urban waste) Urban waste:
□ Organic waste from supermarkets □ Domestic organic waste (grass-cutting) □ Restaurants grease □ Etc.
Biogas cogeneration: 387 kW electric engine, heat will be used on the farm
Simulation results:
Economics: 2,250 k€ investment to install the digester and the heat network
Energy: Production of 664 toe, twice more than what the farm actually used in 2008 (315 toe)
□ 3 051 MWh electric energy sold □ 2 350 MWh thermal energy
Greenhouse gas: "Compensation" of 1,760 tons CO2 eq/ year which corresponds to 81% of the total greenhouse gas emissions of the farm in 2008.
Photovoltaic opportunities at Grignon:
Hypothesis: 1,000 m2 of roof usable on the farm 500 m2 photovoltaic panels Investment: 390 k€ Return on investment time: 14 years Production of 45,990 kWh / year (4 toe / year) = 1,3% of the total farm
consumptions in 2008 Compensation of 3.86 tons of CO2 / year = 0,2 % of the total farm emissions
in 2008
Photovoltaic doesn’t seem to be very efficient in terms of energetic production and greenhouse gas emissions compensation. However, it doesn’t use any arable land, hence it doesn’t impact the capacity of the farm to produce food (in opposition to energetic crops for example).
Page 19
Introduction Assessing Informing
An innovative ecological intensification project for society and the planet. Measuring Reducing
The production of renewable energy using biomethanization and photovoltaic
The future biomethanization unit in Grignon
Biodiversity
This year a biodiversity follow-up was initiated in Grignon. This follow-up is done in partnership with organisations known for their expertise in this domain. Our follow-up is focused on three flora and fauna taxons widely recognized as good indicators of agricultural biodiversity.
Avifauna, in partnership with LPO1.
Butterflies, in partnership with Paris Natural History Museum. Meadow and
field borders flora, in partnership with CBNBP2.
Water quality
We regularly use two diagnostic methods to check water quality and pollution
risks on the farm.
Aquasite assesses risks of punctual pollution by pesticides. This tool shows that good practices are used in Grignon and that these practices have to be
maintained because many visitors come to the farm every day.
Aqualea assesses risks of diffuse pollution by fertilizers. The Aqualea methodology was used on 39% of the cultivated land on the farm. For the years 2003/2004 and 2004/2005, the analysis showed low risks of nitrate
leaching to water.
1 LPO: Ligue Protectrice des Oiseaux (organization for birdlife protection) 2 CBNBP: Conservatoire Botanique National du Bassin Parisien (French organization for botanical conservation in Paris region) 3 IBEA: Indice de Biodiversité des Exploitations Agricoles (Farm biodiversity indicator)
We also use the IBEA3 methodology to assess the impacts of agricultural practices on biodiversity. The first assessment made in 2007/2008 revealed a global positive impact of the Grignon farm on biodiversity. This is partly due to the cattle diversity (coexistence on the farm of bovines and 2 breeds of ovine) and to the great variety of landscapes on the farm territory. However, some practices appear to be damaging to biodiversity and we are trying to reduce them: fertilization, deep ploughing, mowing mode and period. We will soon complete this study with indicators of soil and water
biodiversity.
The Grignon Energie Positive programme, although mainly focused on the issues of energy and
climate, also takes into account other environmental dimensions: water and biodiversity.
Page 20
Introduction Assessing Informing
An innovative ecological intensification project for society and the planet. Measuring Reducing
Beyond fossil fuel and greenhouse gas
Informing the professionals, the general public and the future generation
Page 21
A course for AgroParisTech students about agriculture and greenhouse gas emissions was created two years ago. The GE+ team very often participates in seminars and conferences. They also organise visits to the farm. From January to July, the team has participated in or has organised one activity per week on average.
Page 22
We have created a technical watch database. It is focused on energy and climate change issues in agriculture. The database is available to the
public on the following URL:
http://www.agroparistech.fr/energiepositive/PMB/opac_css/
Content in July 2009: 1400 titles, 2400 authors.
Visits (Jan. to July. 09) : 18 000 visits, 84 visitors / day.
This initiative gives us the opportunity to compare our performances to other
projects and data available in the scientific literature.
(a) Extensive, New-Zealand
(b) Conventional, Sweden
(c) Organic, Sweden (d) Conventional
intensive, Germany
(e) Conventional extensive, Germany
(f) Organic, Germany
Benchmark of the energetic cost of milk
Fo
ssil
fuel
co
nsu
mp
tio
n
(MJ
/ L m
ilk)
(a) 50% of optimal pesticides use, Germany, 1997-2001
(b) Organic farming, Germany, 2002-2006
Benchmark of the energetic cost of wheat
Fo
ssil
fuel
co
nsu
mp
tio
n
(MJ
/ to
n w
hea
t)
The GE+ website has an average of 3,000 visits/month: http://www.agroparistech.fr/energiepositive/ This website is enriched by a quarterly newsletter sent to 1,260 subscribers.
Introduction Assessing Informing
An innovative ecological intensification project for society and the planet. Measuring Reducing
Communicating positively towards the professionals
Basset-mens C., Ledgard S., Carran A. (2005) First Life Cycle Assessment of Milk Production from New Zealand Dairy Farm Systems, Ecological Economics in Action December 11-13, 2005 Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand Deike S., Pallutt B., Christen O. (2008) Investigations on the energy efficiency of organic and integrated farming with specific emphasis on pesticide use intensity, Europ. J. Agronomy 28 . 461–470 Foster, C., Green, K., Bleda, M., Dewick, P., Evans, B., Flynn A., Mylan, J. (2006) Environmental Impacts of Food Production and Consumption, Research report completed for Defra by Manchester Business School Roger F. , Le Lan B., Kanyarushoki C., Van der Werf H., Bras A., Cadoret P., Tirard S., Seuret J.M. (2007) Systèmes bovins lait bretons : Consommations d'énergie et impacts environnementaux sur l'air, l'eau et le sol, Rencontres Recherches Ruminants (3R ), 14. Paris, les 5 et 6 décembre 2007 / INRA Williams A.G., Audsley E., Sandars D.L. (2006) Determining the environmental burdens and resource use in the production of agricultural and horticultural commodities, Main Report. Defra. Research Project IS0205.
Visits of the farm for schools are organised all year long. In addition to that, we develop educational tools about food, nutrition and climate change that we can use
outside the farm (in schools, for special events, etc.)
The miniature positive farm
The miniature positive farm was created for the Paris International Agricultural Show in 2008. It shows the relative importance of each farm activity on the global greenhouse gas emissions and fossil fuel consumptions. A leaflet explains in detail the solutions adopted
at the Grignon farm to reduce these impacts.
The game "It is good on my plate, for
me and for my planet!"
In this game, children have to create a meal that is both nutritionally balanced and low-carbon emitting. The game exists in three versions: board game, giant school version
(see beneath) and card game.
The "yoghurt-bike" exhibit
In the yoghurt-bike exhibit, people have to pedal to produce the quantity of energy that is necessary to produce one Grignon yoghurt. It helps them understand how energy-dependant our food is. It is also an interesting basis for discussion about the solutions we are testing at Grignon to reduce
our fossil fuel consumptions.
Page 23
Introduction Assessing Informing
An innovative ecological intensification project for society and the planet. Measuring Reducing
An innovative way of communicating to the general public
Ferme expérimentale AgroParisTech de Grignon 78850 THIVERVAL-GRIGNON
Telephone: (33 1) 30 54 57 40 Fax : (33 1) 30 54 53 26 Website: http://www.agroparistech.fr/ergiepositive/ E-mail: [email protected]
Authors: Marion Barral, Sophie Carton.
Have also contributed to the edition of this document: Olivier Lapierre, Dominique Tristant, Bernard de Franssu, Thierry Bonaudo, Thierry Doré, Yves Python and Philippe Schmidely.
Photos: Marion Barral, Sophie Carton, Anne Dessagne, Yves Python, Anne-Lise Jacquot, Philippe Huet. The authors of this document are the only ones who can be held responsible for its content.