ESCUELA:

NOMBRES

GRAMMAR I

FECHA:

INGLÉS

Ing. Jhoana Paladines

OCTUBRE 2008-FEBRERO 2009

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UNIT 26: THE SIMPLE PRESENT AND THE PRESENT PROGRESIVE

Simple Present Use the SP to tell

or ask about habits, customs, regular occurrences, routines and facts.

I listen to the radio now

Present Progressive Use the PP to tell or

ask an action that is happening right now or these days.

I am listening to the radio now

UNIT 26: ADVERBS

ADVERBS.- adverbs and expressions of frequency tell how often we do something.

Adverbs and expressions of frequency are often used with the simple present. They rarely occur with the present progressive.

After BeBefore other verbs

UNIT 27 NON ACTION VERBS

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Non action verbs do the following: a.Express emotion (love, want)b.Describe sense or appearance (seem) c.Express a need or preference (need)d.Describe a thought (know)e.Show possession (belong, own, have)f. Give a measurement (cost)g.Be expresses a state of being Important: we usually don’t use non

action verbs in the present progressive.

UNIT 28 GERUNDS AND INFINITIVES

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UNIT 28 GERUNDS AND INFINITIVES

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UNIT 30 BE GOING TO FOR FUTURE

Use be going to + base form to:

State facts about the future Make predictions Talk about plans

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UNIT 30 BE GOING TO FOR FUTURE

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Affirmative sentencesSubject + be+ going to+ base form of

verbShe is going to go to Miami

Negative sentencesSubject + be+ not+ going to+ base form

of verbThey are not going to buy a new house.

UNIT 30:BE GOING TO FOR FUTUREYES/NO QUESTIONS

BE + Subject + going to + base form of Verb?

Is she going to read his new book?

Affirmative answer: Yes, she is

Negative answer: No she isn’t

Wh – QUESTIONS

Wh-word +be +subject + going to +

Base form of Verb?Where are they going to study?

In the library 9

UNIT 31: WILL FOR THE FUTURE

Use will to: • Talk about things that will take place in the

future. • To make predictions. • To make a promise or give assurance. • To ask for or offer something.

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UNIT 31: WILL FOR THE FUTURE

Affirmative sentences

Subject + will+ base form of verb+ time marker

She will go to Miami

She´ll go to Miami

Negative sentences

Subject + will + not+ base form of verb+ time marker

They will not buy a new house.

They won’t buy a new house 11

UNIT 31: WILL FOR FUTURE

YES/NO QUESTIONS

Will + Subject + base form of Verb?

Will she read his new book?

Affirmative answer: Yes, she will

Negative answer: No she won’t

Wh – QUESTIONSWh-word +will +subject + base form of Verb?

Where will they study?

In the library 12

UNIT 32 MAY OR MIGHT FOR POSSIBILITY

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May and might are modal verbs and express possibility.

May and might are followed by the base form of the verb.

Use will or going to, not may or might, to ask yes/no questions about the future.

UNIT 32 MAY OR MIGHT FOR POSSIBILITY

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Affirmative sentences Subject + may/might + base form of a

verbThey may/might visit her mother

Negative sentencesSubject + may/might + base form of a

verb He may/ might not play soccer

UNIT 33 Some - Any

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Some and any refer to an amount. Use some and any with plural count

nouns and non-count nouns Some.- In affirmative sentences and in

questions when offer or ask for something. They bought some tea

Any.- in negative sentences and in questions.

She doesn’t need any milk

UNIT 33 How much/ How many Use how much and how many to ask about

quantity.

How much.- with non count nouns

How many.- with count nouns

How much water does she need?

How many apples did you buy?

IMPORTANT:

Sometimes it’s not necessary to repeat the noun after how much and how many.

I need some money - How much do you need?16

UNIT 33 Few and Little Use little and few in affirmative

sentences Little.- non count nouns I have little money. They had little milk. Few.- count nouns Please, wait a few minutes more. We need a few onions 17

UNIT 35 POSSESIVES

PRONOUNS AND ADJECTIVES

SUBJECT PRONOUNS

OBJECT PRONOUN

POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVES

POSSESSIVE PRONOUN

I Me My Mine

He Him His His

She Her Her Hers

It It Its --

We Us Our Ours

You You Your Yours

They Them Their Their 18

UNIT 35 POSSESIVES

A possessive adjectives shows belonging.

This is her bag.

It’s their bike.

A possessive pronoun replaces a noun and a possessive adjective. They are never followed by a noun.

This is hers.

Hers is nice.

These are ours.

Ours are blue 19

UNIT 36 CAN OR MAY FOR PERMISSION

Use can and may to: Give permission.

You may go to the park (permission)

You can watch television now. Ask for permission

May I go to the bathroom? Yes, you may

No, you may not

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Use can’t and may not to deny permission.

You may not swim in the river. They can’t go to the

discotheque. Use Can I help you? or May I help you?

to offer help to someone. Possible answers

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Thanks you Thanks Yes , thanks

No, thanks + a reason

UNIT 37 REQUESTS

Polite requests

Would you please open the door?

Could you turn on the TV?

Can you help me?

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Possible answers

Sure -- Of course Ok --- I’d be glad to

Sorry, I can’tI d like to but….

Would like is a polite way of saying want.

Would like can be followed by a noun or an infinitive

I would like some tea/ They’d like an orange

She would like to visit you

He’d like to go to the park

UNIT 37 DESIRES

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UNIT 37 OFFERS

Use Would you like…….? for offers or invitations.

Would you like some tea?

Would you like to dance?

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Possible Answers

Yes, thank you No, thanks

Yes, I would NOT: No, I wouldn’t like any, thank you

UNIT 38 SHOULD AND OUGHT TO

Use should to give advice or to talk about what is right. Use should to talk about the present of future.

Ought to has the same meaning as should. We don’t use ought to in questions or in negatives.

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UNIT 38 SHOULD AND OUGHT TO

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Affirmative sentences Subject + should/ought to + base form of a

verbShe should/ought to visit her mother

Negative sentencesSubject + shouldn’t + base form of a verb

He should not play soccerHe shouldn’t play soccer

UNIT 38 SHOULD AND OUGHT TOYES/NO QUESTIONS

Should + Subject + base form of Verb?

Should she go to the university?

Affirmative answer: Yes, she should

Negative answer: No she shouldn’t

Wh – QUESTIONSWh-word +should +subject + base form of Verb?

Where should they go?

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UNIT 38 HAD BETTER/HAD BETTER NOT Use had better to give advice. Had better is stronger

than should. Had better is used to talk about the present or the future.

Affirmative sentences

Subject + had better + base form of a verb

She had better go to the dentist.

Negative sentences

Subject + had better not + base form of a verb

He had better not go out.

He’d better not go out.

UNIT 39 HAVE TO AND MUST Use have to and must to talk about things that are

necessary.

Must is stronger than have to

The past of must and have to is had to.

“Have to” Affirmative sentences

Subject +have to/ has to + base form of a verb

She has to go to the dentist.

They have to go to the library

He has to do his homework

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UNIT 39 HAVE TO AND MUST

“Have to” Negative sentences

Subject + do not/ does not + base form of a verb

He does not have to watch a lot of TV.

They don’t have to make their bed.

She doesn’t have to buy the yellow house.

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UNIT 39 HAVE TO AND MUST

“Must” Affirmative sentences

Subject + must + base form of a verb

She must go to the dentist.

They must finish the project

“Must” Negative sentences

Subject + must not + base form of a verb

He must not swim.

He mustn’t read the newspaper everyday.

UNIT 40 THE COMPARATIVE Use the comparative form of an adjective +

than to compare two people, places or things.

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LongLonger

HotHotter

BusyBusier

GoodBetter

Intelligent More intelligent

Small Smaller

BigBigger

Easy Easier

Badworse

ExpensiveMore expensive

Tall taller

FarFarther

WonderfulMore wonderful

UNIT 40 THE COMPARATIVE

Luisa is younger than Alberto

Luisa is younger than he is

Luisa is younger than he

Luisa is younger than him.

Which animal is faster?

Which is faster, giraffe or a

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UNIT 43 THE SUPERLATIVE Use the superlative form of an adjective to

compare three or more people, places or things.

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LongLongest

HotHottest

BusyBusiest

GoodBest

Intelligent The most intelligent

Small Smallest

BigBiggest

Easy Easiest

BadWorst

ExpensiveThe most expensive

Tall tallest

FarFarthest

WonderfulThe most wonderful

THANKS!

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