Gl13 m1-presentation

MODULE 1

CONCEPTS

Computing Essentials

What Is a Computer System

and How Does It Work?

How Do Operating Systems Software

and Applications Software Differ?

© Paradigm Publishing, Inc. 1

CONCEPTS© Paradigm Publishing, Inc. 2

CONCEPTS

Concepts

What is a computer system?

Computer system hardware

The motherboard

A computer network

Operating systems software

Applications software


CONCEPTS

What Is a Computer System?

A computer system is made up of a central

processing unit (CPU) and hardware

The hardware and software work together to

turn data into information through a process

called the information processing cycle


CONCEPTS

What Is a Computer System?...continued


All computing devices use a basic information

processing cycle, which follows these steps:

1. The user enters data using an input device such

as a keyboard or touch screen

2. The CPU processes the data into information and

stores it in the internal memory

3. Information is sent to the computer’s screen or

another output device such as a printer

4. Information is stored on a storage medium such

as a flash drive, a hard disk, or an online cloud

server

CONCEPTS

Computer System Hardware


CONCEPTS

Computer System Hardware...continued


Input Devices

Use hardware items to enter commands and

data into the computer

Processing Component

Performs the mathematical operations and

coordinates the functions of the computer

system

– typically a microprocessor

– located on the motherboard, the main circuit board of

the computer

CONCEPTS

Computer System Hardware ...continued


Output Devices

Convert information from the computer into a

usable form such as visual, audio, or digital

Storage Devices

For saving data to use again

Include the cloud, which has become a popular

option

– limited quantities are offered for free

– allows users to access data from any computing

device with an Internet connection

CONCEPTS

The Motherboard


CONCEPTS

The Motherboard...continued


A thin sheet of fiberglass or other material with

electrical pathways that connect these key

components of the information processing

cycle:

– microprocessor/CPU

– memory

– expansion slots

CONCEPTS

The Motherboard ...continued


Microprocessor

The CPU is a microprocessor or processor located

on the motherboard

Memory

Permanent memory, called read-only memory, or

ROM, contains start-up instructions and other

permanent instructions

Temporary memory, called random access memory,

or RAM, holds data while your computer is on

Expansion Slots

You can add expansion cards to add capabilities

CONCEPTS

A Computer Network

A network allows the linked computers to share

files, software, and resources

There are two key types of networks:

– Local area networks (LANs) connect nearby

computers within a home or business

– Wide area networks (WANs) connect distant

computers, such as those among a company’s branch

offices around the country


CONCEPTS

A Computer Network...continued


CONCEPTS

A Computer Network...continued


Individual Computing Devices

Can be connected to each other and to the Internet via a

network

Modem

Sends and receives data to or from a transmission source

Network Adapter

Enables the computer to connect to a network

Wireless Access Point

Relay data among devices on a network

Bluetooth

Used to communicate short distances without wires

CONCEPTS

Operating Systems Software


CONCEPTS

Operating Systems Software...continued


When you turn on the computer

– first the operating system (OS) performs a power-on

self-test (POST) to check that the hardware is working

properly

– then the computer loads the OS into memory

CONCEPTS

Operating Systems Software...continued


The OS performs several key functions such as:

– it manages the operations of the CPU and the

computer’s hardware devices

– it provides a user interface that allows a person to

interact with the computer

– it supports operations initiated from within application

programs

CONCEPTS

Applications Software


CONCEPTS

Applications Software...continued


Applications software is the group of programs

you use to get your computer-based projects

done

– spreadsheets

– word processors

– presentation software

– database software

CONCEPTS

Applications Software...continued


Some applications are designed to run on a particular

computing device

Other applications are designed to run on a specific

operating system

There are also an endless amount of small applications,

or apps, available for a variety of computing devices

Gl13 m1-presentation

Education

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