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HeritageCitation

W.Saunders&SonFactory/WarehouseComplex(laterEspritdeCorpsoffices)Address: 20-60TrenerryCrescent,Abbotsford

Preparedby: GJMHeritage

SurveyDate: 25July2016

Placetype:Factory/warehouse Architect:DarylJackson(1984alterations)

Grading:IndividuallySignificant Builder:Notknown

Integrity:Moderate-High(1911);Moderate(1920s);Veryhigh(1984)

ConstructionDate:1911,1920s,1984

Status:IncludedintheHeritageOverlay(HO337-VictoriaParkPrecinct,Abbotsford)Noexternalpaint,internalalterationortreecontrolsapplytoPrecinct

ExtentofOverlay:Asexisting,refertoplan

Figure1.20-60TrenerryCrescent,Abbotsford:thefacadeofthe1911building.

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Figure2.Thenorth-westelevationofthe1911building(right)withitsgabledthird-storey,the1984glazedwalkwayandthe1984brickofficebuilding(left).

Figure3.The1920sfactorybuilding(right)and1984two-storeyglazedstructurethatlinksthe1920sand1911buildings.

Figure4.Thesubjectsite(red)andtheexistingboundaryofHO337VictoriaParkPrecinct(pink)(2016).

HistoricalContext

ThefollowinghistoricalcontextistakenfromtheHO337VictoriaParkPrecinctcitation1,unlessotherwisecited.

TheareasurroundingVictoriaParktotheYarraRiverincludespartsofCrownPortions78,79and88,whichhadbeensurveyedbyRobertHoddleandsoldin1839toRDacre,JDLCampbell(apastoralist)andJDight,respectively.JohnDightbuiltYarraHouse(latertheShelmerdineresidence)andamillonhisallotment,andCampbellbuilthishouse,CampbellfieldHouse(laterownedbyarchitectandMLAWilliamPittasMikado)onhislandoverlookingtheYarraRiver.

In1878,EdwinTrenerry,ashareholderinadeepleadminingcompany,subdividedCrownPortions78,79and88forresidentialdevelopment,creatingtheexistingstreetpattern.Thedesignrecalledtheearlier

1VictorianHeritageDatabase(VHD),CityofYarracitationfor‘VictoriaParkHeritagePrecinct’,accessedJuly2016.

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DarlingGardensdevelopmentatCliftonHill,withVictoriaParkintendedasanornamentalgardensquare,surroundedbyresidentialpropertieswith33'frontagestothepark.By1879muchofthelandhadbeensoldtoDavidAbbott,withsomelotssoldtoJamesandJohnKellyinthenextyear.By1885,allthelotshadbeensold,anddevelopmentofmanyofthemhadbegun.

TrenerryCrescentfollowedthelineoftheYarraRiverandseparatedthelargerriversideallotmentsfromthesmallerresidentialsubdivisionstothewest.Bytheturnofthecentury,theriverfrontageallotmentsalongTrenerryCrescentwereundergoingatransformationfromgentlemen'sfarmstoindustrialuses.TheMelbourneFlourMillingCompanyoperatedattheoldDight'sMillsiteontheYarrafrom1891,atthenorthendofTrenerryCrescent,withtheShelmerdine'sYarraHatWorksandaquarrylocatedfurthertothesouth,bothsinceredeveloped.

Abbotsfordemergedasacentreforthetextileindustryduringtheinterwarperiod,withmuchofthevacantlandbetweenJohnsonStreet,TrenerryCrescentandtheYarraRiverdevelopedwithtextilemills.2ThemassiveAustralSilkandCottonMillscomplexwasbuiltatthenorthendofTrenerryCrescentin1927andtheYarraFallsSpinningMillshadalsoexpandedintheareaduringtheearly20thcentury.Theiradministrativecomplexwasbuiltin1919facingJohnstonStreetandthelandmark1930sByfasbuildingwasbuilt,facingTrenerryCrescent,toproducetextilesduringWorldWarTwo.ThecombinationoftheseextensiveindustrialcomplexeshasastrongbuiltcharacterthatisevidentfromwithintheHeritageOverlayAreaandfromdistantviewsdowntheYarraRiverandtheEasternFreeway.

Inthelasttwodecadesofthe20thcentury,theselargeindustrialandmillbuildingshavegraduallybeendecommissionedandrecycledforlightindustrial,commercialorresidentialuses.Someofthesedevelopmentshavebeeninnovatoryinthere-useofsignificantindustrialstructures,suchasDarylJackson'sawardwinningdesignfortheEspritdeCorpscompanyat20-60TrenerryCrescentinthe1980s.

PlaceHistory

Thecomplexat20-60TrenerryCrescentcomprisesfourbuildings(sixstructuresintotal)constructedbetween1911andthemid-1980s.

FromJuly1890ArthurandIsabellaHopeownedeightlotsonthenorthsideofTrenerryCrescent,whichcomprisedwhatbecameTurnerStreet,andlotstothewest.Followingthedeathofboth,thelotsweretransferredtoGeorgeHopeandWilliamMacLennanin1900,whoon-soldthelotsindividuallyfrom1906.3

The1901MelbourneMetropolitanBoardofWorksDetailPlan(No.1230)indicatesthatthesubjectsitewasvacantatthisdate.InSeptember1909,theAbbotsfordManufacturingCompanyPtyLtdpurchasedthelotonthenorth-westcornerofTrenerryCrescentandTurnerStreet,withafrontageof20.1metres(60ft)toTrenerryCrescent.4InJuly1911,WilliamStone,clerk,andWilliamSaunderstheYounger,maltextractmanufacturerofVaucluseStreet,Richmond,purchasedthelot.5

Thefactorybuildinglocatedonthefronttitleboundarywasbuiltin1911forW.Saunders&Son,manufacturersofmaltextractandcodliveroil.Theindustrialbuildingtotherear,adjoiningTurnerStreet,isbelievedtohavebeenbuiltinthe1920sforanengineeringworks.6

On24May1919,WilliamStonebecamethesurvivingproprietor,however,onthesamedatethepropertywastransferredtoW.Saunders&SonPtyLtd,ofTrenerryCrescent,Abbotsford.7Fromthe1910s,thelottothewestwasalsounderthesameownership,onseparatetitles.8W.Saunders&SonPtyLtdwas

2GaryVines&MatthewChurchward(1992)‘NorthernSuburbsFactoryStudy’,PartOne:63.3LandVictoria(LV),CertificateofTitleV:2279/F669.4LV,CertificateofTitle,V:3384/F680.5LV,CertificateofTitle,V:3384/F680.6HeritageVictoria(HV)assessmentof‘EspritDeCorpsComplex,40TurnerStreet&40-60TrenerryCrescent,Abbotsford’,accessedviaHermes13Jul2016.7LV,CertificateofTitle,V:3384/F680.8LV,CertificatesofTitle,V:3694/F664.

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describedas‘PureMaltextractandcodliveroilandMaltocretemanufacturers,agentsforZeestos’in1920,whilebillboardsadvertised‘Saunders’MaltExtractin1930(Figure5).9

Aerialphotosdatingto1966showthesaw-toothroofofthe1911buildingonthecornerofTurnerStreet,andtheparallelgabled-roofsofthe1920sbuildingadjacenttotheriver.Otherbuildingsarevisibleonthesiteatthisdate,includingatoweradjacenttothe1920sbuilding(sinceremoved)(Figures6&7).

InOctober1966,MauriBrothersandThomson(Aust.)PtyLtdbecamejointproprietorsofthesite,beforeitwassoldtoAncoPlasticsPtyLtd,of18TrenerryCrescent,inAugust1970.ThepropertywassubsequentlyownedbyTrenjohnPtyLtdfrom1972,andBracebridgePtyLtdfrom1981.10InMay1982,BracebridgePtyLtdconsolidatedthelotstoforma41.45metrefrontagetoTrenerryCrescent(thecurrent20-60TrenerryCrescent).11

In1984,architectDarylJacksonAOdesignedfourstructuresforthesite,toaccommodatethereuseoftheplacebytheEspritdeCorpsclothingcompany.Thedevelopmentadaptedthetwoearlytwentiethcenturybuildingswhichunderwentsomealterations(alongwithadditionstotherearofthe1920sbuilding),whilethenewstructurescomprisedanofficebuildingatthenorth-eastendofthesite(whichwasdesignedtoreferenceanearlytwentiethcenturyindustrialstructure),aglazedwalkwaybetweenthisandthe1911building,atwo-storeyglazedlinkbetweenthe1911and1920sbuildingsandaglazedwarehousebuildingtotherearofthesite.Jackson’sdesignintegratedastylisedindustrialthemeappropriatetothesite’shistoryandwastherecipientoftheRoyalAustralianInstituteofArchitectsPresidentsAwardCitationin1985.12InJanuary1988theportionoflandnexttotheriverwassubdividedoff.Thepropertywasownedbyvariouscompaniesafterthisdate,andiscurrentlyundera30yearleasetoCitipowerPty(from1999).13

Figure5.Ac1930sbillboardinSydneyfor‘SaundersMaltExtract’

(Source:StateLibraryofNSW,‘BillboardadvertisingSaunders',No.29837).

9Vines&Churchward(1992)‘NorthernSuburbsFactoryStudy’,PartTwo:246.10LV,CertificateofTitle,V:3384/F680.11LV,CertificateofTitle,V:9464/F422.12HVassessmentof‘EspritDeCorpsComplex,40TurnerStreet&40-60TrenerryCrescent,Abbotsford’,accessedviaHermes13Jul2016.13LV,CertificateofTitle,V:9464/F422.

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Figure6.Adetailofa1966aerialofTrenerryCrescent,showingthesubjectsite(Source:COYL,ID.CLPIC105).

Figure7.Detailofasecond1966aerialofTrenerryCrescentandYarraFalls(Source:COYL,ID.YLCLPic104).

ThisplaceisassociatedwiththefollowingthemesfromtheCityofYarraHeritageReviewThematicHistory(July1998):

4.0 DevelopingLocalEconomies4.2 SecondaryIndustry

Description

Thesiteisoccupiedbyacomplexofindustrialandofficebuildingsdatingfrom1911andthe1920s.In1984architectDarrylJacksonAOdesignedfourstructuresforthesiteandmadealterationstotheexistingbuildingstoaccommodatethesite’sre-usebytheEspritdeCorpsclothingcompany.

The1911buildingpresentsasasingle-storeybuildingfrontingTrenerryStreet(locatedontheTrenerryCrescentandTurnerStreettitleboundaries),butextendstothree-storeysinheightattherearasthebuildingrespondstothetopographyofthesiteasitslopesdowntowardstheYarraRiver.Thebrickbuildingretainsasaw-toothroofwhichishiddenbehindparapetsonthethreemainelevations.Thefaçadeandparapetisrenderedandoverpainted.Theparapetisdefinedbystringmouldsatitstopandbase.SubtleClassicaldetailsareexpressedinengagedpilastersthatbreakthefaçadeintofivebaysandextendabovetheparapetattheentranceandcorners.Thecentralentrance(withamodernaluminumframeddoor)hasalatercantileveredsteelporch.Eithersideoftheentrancearepairsoftimber-framedcasementwindowsofvarioussizes.Thesideelevationsareface-brickwithrowsofsingletimber-framedcasementwindowswithsegmental-arches.Somesillshavebeenreplaced(probablyduringthe1984development).VentsatgroundlevelontheTurnerStreetelevationarealsolateradditionsdatingfromthe1980s.Thebuildingterminatesattherearwithathird-storeywithagabledroofandcircularventstothegabled-ends.

Totherearofthesiteisthe1920sred-brickbuildingwithtwoparallelgabledroofs(cladwithrecentcorrugatedsteel).Thisbuildingretainsitsoriginalformandscale(seeFigures6&7)butthebrickwork

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showsmultiplestagesofalterations,particularlyfrontingTurnerStreet.Thewindowsandsills,theentranceoffTurnerStreet,andalargesecond-storeyglazedadditiontotherearofthebuildingdatefromthe1984developmentofthesite.

The1984structuresincludeared-brickofficebuildingatthenorth-eastendofthesitewhichwasdesignedtoreferenceanearlytwentiethcenturyindustrialstructure(initsform,brickworkandrendereddressings;itappearstohavebeenconstructedofre-usedredfacebrick).Thereisaglazedwalkwaybetweenthe1984redbrickofficebuildingandthe1911building,atwo-storeyglazedlinkbetweenthe1911and1920sbuildingsandaglazedwarehousebuildingtotherearofthesiteconstructedonanexposedoff-formreinforcedconcretebase.Thedesignintegratesastylisedindustrialthemeandisasophisticatedcontextualdesignresponsetothesite’sEdwardianandInterwar-erabuildings.

Figure8.Anaerialofthesitedatingto2010(Source:PlanningMapsOnline,2016)

ConditionandIntegrity

The1911,1920sand1984buildingshavebeenwellmaintainedandareallinverygoodcondition.

The1911buildingretainsamoderatetohighlevelofintegrity.The1920sbuildinghasalowerlevelofintegrityduetovariousstagesofalterations,mostprobablydatingtothe1980sredevelopmentofthesite.The1984structuresretainaveryhighlevelofintegrity.

ComparativeAnalysis

Thiscomparativeanalysisfocusesonthe1911buildingfrontingTrenerryStreetwhichistheearliestandmostintactpre-WorldWarIIbuildingonthesite.TheanalysishasbeeninformedbyasearchoftheHermesdatabaseandincludesplacesthatareindividuallysignificantwithinaprecinct-basedHeritageOverlaywithintheCityofYarra.

Thefollowingplacesarecomparableinhistoricuse,constructiondateorarchitecturalstyleorform:

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Braun,CJ&Co,ShoeManufacturesFactory/Warehouse(former),laterBlueLaserJeanCompany,92-94EaseyStreet,Collingwood(IndividuallySignificantwithinHO321)Thisbrickandrenderfactorywasbuiltin1933intheModernestyle,withdistinctivedetailssuchasthesunburst‘keystone’,steppedparapetandstringmould.Theformerfactoryhasnowundergoneaconversiontoflatsbutthefaçaderemainspredominantlyintact.

AlthoughtheW.Saunders&SonFactory/WarehouseComplexwasconstructedduringanearlierperiod,the1911buildingiscomparabletotheEaseyStreetfactoryinconstructionmaterials,theformandscaleofthesymmetricalfaçade,bothwithsteppedparapetsdefinedbystringmouldsandcentralentranceswithflankingwindows.Thesubjectsiteismuchgranderinscalewithamoredominantpresencealongtwostreets,incomparisontothemoremodestEaseyStreetfactory.

Figure9.92-94EaseyStreet,Collingwoodfollowingtheconversiontoflats©realestate.com

FormerFactoryat40ReidStreet,FitzroyNorth(IndividuallySignificantwithinPrecinctHO327)Constructedbetween1900and1915,theformerfactoryisasingle-storeyred-brickconstructionwithaparapet,distinctiveparapetedgableandsinglewindows.Pilastersdefineentrancesonthefaçade.Thefactoryhasnowbeenconvertedtoapartments,withadditionsconstructedabovethesaw-toothrooflevelandwindowsonthesideelevationsaltered.Withadditionsandalterations,theEdwardianfabricretainsamoderatelevelofintegrity.

TheW.Saunders&SonFactory/WarehouseComplexisasimilarred-brickconstructionandhasacomparableapplicationofarchitecturaltreatment,albeitinaslightlydifferentexpression.Thesubjectsiteretainsahigherdegreeofintegrityasitretainsitsoriginalprofileandroofform.

Figure10.40ReidStreet,FitzroyNorth(©Google)

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Formerfactoryattherearof16ArnoldStreet,PrincesHill(IndividuallysignificantwithinPrecinctHO329)Thisformerfactory,constructedbetween1900and1915,isatwo-storey,face-brickconstructionwithahippedroof,addressingtwostreets.Itretainsahighlevelofintegrity.Thefactoryoccupiesasimilarfootprinttothe1911buildingattheW.Saunders&SonFactory/WarehouseComplex.Whiletheirroofformsdiffer,theyarecomparableintermsoftheunadornedred-brickelevationswithrepetitiverowsofsinglewindowplacement.TheW.Saunders&SonFactory/WarehouseComplexbuildinghasmoreelaboratearchitecturaltreatmentanddetailtothefaçadeincomparison,butislessintactduetoalterationstothewindowsandsills.

Figure11.Rearof16ArnoldStreet,PrincesHill(©Google)

Conclusion

TheW.Saunders&SonFactory/WarehouseComplexhasamodestly-scaledfaçadefrontingTrenerryCrescentbutadominantandincreasingpresencealongTurnerStreetasthebuildingsrespondtothetopographyasitslopesdowntowardstheYarraRiver.Architecturally,the1911formerfactoryistypicaloffactoriesduringtheEdwardianperiodwithsubtleClassicalexpressiontotheTrenerryCrescentfaçade.The1984additionstothecomplexbyDarylJacksonAOfortheEspritdeCorpscompanyareaparticularlywellresolvedcontextualdesignresponsetothe1911and1920sbuildingsaswellasthewiderheritageprecinct.Thisawardwinningdesignstillprovidesaneffectiveintegrationofthevariousbuildingsonthesiteandisamodelofsensitiveadaptivereuseofformerindustrialbuildings.

AssessmentAgainstCriteria

FollowingisanassessmentoftheplaceagainsttheheritagecriteriasetoutinPlanningPracticeNote1:ApplyingtheHeritageOverlay(July2015).

CriterionA:Importancetothecourseorpatternofourculturalornaturalhistory(historicalsignificance).

TheplaceisoneoftheremainingnotableexamplesofindustrialdevelopmentinAbbotsford,andparticularlyonTrenerryCrescentalongtheYarraRiver,whereindustrialdevelopmentbeganfromtheturnofthecentury.The1911buildingisofhistoricalvalueasanexampleofanEdwardian-erafoodprocessingfactory,builtforW.Saunders&Son,whoweremanufacturersofmaltextractandcodliveroil.Theplaceisofhistoricalvalueforitsabilitytodemonstratesubsequentstagesofdevelopmentonanindustrialsite,includingthe1920sbuildingwhichisbelievedtohavebeenbuiltforanengineeringworksandthe1984additionsdesignedbyarchitectDarylJacksonfortheEspritdeCorpscompany.

CriterionE:Importanceinexhibitingparticularaestheticcharacteristics(aestheticsignificance).

TheEdwardianandInterwarbuildingsareofaestheticsignificancefortheirarchitecturalpresencewithintheearlytwentiethcenturyindustrialstreetscapeofTrenerryCrescentandwithintheriverscapeoftheYarraRiver.The1911buildinghassubtleClassicaldetailstothefacade,whilebothbuildingsrespondtothetopographyofthesitebyincreasinginheightandpresenceasthelandslopestowardstheYarraRiver.

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Theaward-winningnewstructuresdesignedbyarchitectDarylJacksonAOin1984areofarchitecturalsignificance,asanexampleoftheinnovativeadaptivere-useofasetofformerfactorybuildingsthatrespectedtheforms,materialsandarchitecturallanguageoftheearlytwentiethcenturyindustrialcontext.

StatementofSignificance

Whatissignificant?

TheW.Saunders&SonFactory/WarehouseComplexat20-60TrenerryCrescent,Abbotsford.

The1911Edwardianbuilding,thefour1984structuresdesignedbyarchitectDarrylJacksonAOandthe1920sbuildingscontributetothesignificanceoftheplace.Alterationsandadditionsthathaveoccurredsince1984arenotsignificant.

Howisitsignificant?

TheW.Saunders&SonFactory/WarehouseComplexisoflocalhistoricalandaestheticsignificancetotheCityofYarra.

Whyisitsignificant?

TheW.Saunders&SonFactory/WarehouseComplexisofhistoricalsignificanceasoneoftheremainingexamplesoftheindustrialdevelopmentinAbbotsford,andparticularlyonTrenerryCrescentalongtheYarraRiver,whereindustrialdevelopmentbeganfromtheturnofthecentury.The1911buildingisofhistoricalvalueasanintactexampleofanEdwardian-erafoodprocessingfactory,builtforW.Saunders&Son,whoweremanufacturersofmaltextractandcodliveroil.Theplaceisofhistoricalvalueforitsabilitytodemonstratesubsequentstagesofdevelopmentonanindustrialsite,includingthe1920sbuildingwhichisbelievedtohavebeenbuiltforanengineeringworksandtheawardwinning1984additionsdesignedbyarchitectDarylJacksonfortheEspritdeCorpscompany.(CriterionA)

TheEdwardianandInterwarbuildingsareofaestheticsignificancefortheirarchitecturalpresencewithintheearlytwentiethcenturyindustrialstreetscapeofTrenerryCrescentandwithintheriverscapeoftheYarraRiver.The1911buildinghassubtleClassicaldetailstothefacade,whilebothbuildingsrespondtothetopographyofthesitebyincreasinginheightandpresenceasthelandslopestowardstheYarraRiver.(CriterionE)

ThefourglazedstructuresdesignedbyarchitectDarrylJacksonin1984areofaestheticsignificance,asanexampleofaninnovativeadaptivere-useofformerfactorybuildingsthatrespectstheforms,materialsandarchitecturallanguageoftheearlytwentiethcenturyindustrialcontext.Theseincludeared-brickofficebuildingatthenorth-eastendofthesitewhichwasdesignedtoreferenceanearlytwentiethcenturyindustrialstructure,aglazedwalkwaybetweenthisandthe1911building,atwo-storeyglazedlinkbetweenthe1911and1920sbuildingsandaglazedwarehousebuildingtotherearofthesite.Thedesignintegratedastylisedindustrialthemeinconsiderationofthesite’sEdwardianandInterwarbuildings.(CriterionE)

GradingandRecommendations

ItisrecommendedthattheplacecontinuetobeincludedintheHeritageOverlayoftheYarraPlanningSchemeasanindividuallysignificantplacewithintheVictoriaParkPrecinct,Abbotsford(HO337).

RecommendationsfortheScheduletotheHeritageOverlay(Clause43.01)intheYarraPlanningScheme:

ExternalPaintControls? No

InternalAlterationControls? No

TreeControls? No

OutbuildingsorFencesnotexemptunderClause43.01-3? No

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ProhibitedUsesPermitted? No

IncorporatedPlan? HO337Precinct:Yes

AboriginalHeritagePlace? Notassessed

Identifiedby:

AndrewC.Ward&Associates(May1995),‘CollingwoodConservationStudyReview’.

References:

AndrewWardC.&Associates(May1995),‘CollingwoodConservationStudyReview’.CityofYarraLibrary(COYL)Catalogue,<http://www.yarracity.vic.gov.au/Libraries/Search-the-catalogue/>,accessedJuly2016.GraemeButlerandAssociates(2007),‘CityofYarraReviewofHeritageOverlayAreas,Appendix8’.LandVictoria,CertificatesofTitle.MelbourneMetropolitanBoardofWorksDetailPlansStateLibraryofNSW,onlineManuscripts,oralhistory&picturescollection,<http://archival-classic.sl.nsw.gov.au/>,accessedJuly2016.VictorianHeritageDatabase(VHD),CityofYarracitationfor‘VictoriaParkHeritagePrecinct’,accessedJuly2016.HeritageVictoria(HV)assessmentof‘EspritDeCorpsComplex,40TurnerStreet&40-60TrenerryCrescent,Abbotsford’,accessedviaHermes13Jul2016.Vines,Gary&MatthewChurchward(1992)‘NorthernSuburbsFactoryStudy’.