{GCSE PE Revision

An Introduction to Physical Education

CompetencePerformanceCreativityHealthy, Active Lifestyles

Key Concepts

This involves the skills you learn and how you apply them. It is also about how ready you are in body and mind to perform them.

E.g. In football you should learn how to pass

E.g. Knowing when to shoot in basketball In Netball not getting out of breath after

5 minsRememberS - SkillsA - ApplyR - Readiness

Competence

Producing effective outcomes when participating in physical activities.

Performing well – being physically able and having good skills

Knowing what is required to perform skills well

E.g. read a game of football well and make a successful pass at the right time

Performance

Exploring and experimenting with techniques, tactics and ideas in order to do well.

Using your imagination E.g. trying out different tactics in

badminton to see what works well E.g. linking a set of skills together in a

imaginative way in gymnastics

Creativity

Understanding the purpose of physical activity in making us healthy.

Understanding that exercise makes you fitter and happier.

E.g. taking part in a regular hockey session would make you fitter.

Healthy, Active Lifestyles

RunningJumpingThrowingKicking HittingCatching

Fundamental Motor Skills

Decisions made by:ParticipantsCoaches/LeadersOfficials

Decision Making

Rules protect players, leaders and officials.

If rules are followed accidents are less likely to occur.

Rules ensure fair play. Rules make the game more

enjoyable. Etiquette in sport is known as

sportsmanship. This is a code of behaviour that compliments the rules.Abiding by the rules,

etiquette and sportsmanship

Cardiovascular Endurance or Stamina

Muscular Endurance Speed Strength Flexibility

The Components of Fitness and a Healthy Balanced Lifestyle

Warm Up Prepares the body and mind

for exercise. Decreases the chance of

injury. Reduces the likelihood of

muscle soreness. Increase in muscle

temperature helps ensure there is more energy

And therefore muscles are more flexible.

Improves speed and strength of muscular contraction.The Importance of Warming Up and Cooling Down

Cool Down Speeds up removal of lactic

acid. Decreases the risk of injury. Reduces the likelihood of

muscle soreness/aches. Prevents blood pooling. Prevents fatigue. Prevents dizziness. Gradually reduces heart

rate/breathing rate/temperature.

Efficiency – not wasting energy Pre-determined – knowing what you want to

achieve Coordinated – linking things together well Fluent – movements are flowing and smooth Aesthetic – skills look good

E.g. A badminton serve beats the opponent and lands inside the courtE.g. A gymnastics routine is fluent and coordinated

The Characteristics of Skilful Movement

Setting goals: Motivates people to exercise Helps improve performance Can increase confidence Controls anxiety/worry There are two types of goal:

Performance Goal Outcome Goal

Goal Setting

Performance Goals Relate directly to improving the

performance of the technique or tactic.

E.g. improve running technique in sprinting

Outcome Goals Are concerned with the end result. E.g. to win a football match

Performance and Outcome Goals

To assess whether someone is ready for exercise you must first assess them.One way is by Health Screening e.g. BMI (testing the body mass index or body composition)

weight / height squared Testing cholesterol, blood glucose and iron levels Heart rate/resting heart rate – ideal is between 60 and 80 Blood pressure – normal is 120/80 Family historyUse a PARQ – Physical Activity Readiness Questionnaire

Assessing the Body’s Readiness for Exercise

To assess whether someone is ready for exercise you must first assess them.Another way is by Fitness Testing e.g. Assessing Cardiovascular Endurance or Stamina (test for

V02 Max) – Multistage Fitness Test or 12 Minute Cooper Run

Assessing Strength – Grip Strength Dynamometer (squeeze it as hard as possible).

Assessing Speed – 30m Sprint Assessing Flexibility – Sit and Reach TestTests must be reliable and valid – check equipment is working, make sure it is measured accurately and consistently.

Assessing the Body’s Readiness for Exercise

Carbohydrates – give us energy e.g. pasta

Fats – give us energy, protect vital organs e.g. cakes , oily fish

Proteins – essential for growth and repair of tissue e.g. meat

Vitamins – prevents disease and illness e.g. fruit

Minerals – essential for good health e.g. calcium for healthy bones

and teeth found in dairy products such as milk Water –

helps remove waste products, regulates body temperature, prevents dizziness and fatigue

Fibre – helps digestion e.g. cereal, vegetablesComponents of a Healthy

Diet

Eating a healthy, balanced diet Maintaining a balance of food

intake and energy expenditure (exercise)

Regular exercise – government recommends 1 hour on 5 or more days a week

Maintaining a healthy body weight Not Smoking Sensible Alcohol Consumption Maintain low levels of stress

Characteristics of a Healthy Lifestyle

Age – discrimination, lack of confidence Gender – stereotyping, discrimination, less women

take part Disability – lack of facilities, lack of confidence Alcohol Consumption Smoking – get out of breath, illnesses, less stamina Over/Under Eating – too heavy, not enough energy,

lack of motivation Performance Enhancing Drugs – addiction,

depression, disqualification, banned from sport, deathFactors Affecting Performance and Participation

Satisfaction with Aspects of Life Frequency of Positive and Negative

Feelings Frequency of Activities that have a

Positive Affect on Well-Being Access to Green Space Level of Participation in Activities Positive Mental Health

Indicators of Health and Well-Being

Circuit Training Aerobics (Body Pump, Spinning, Dance

Exercise) Aqua Aerobics Yoga Pilates Continuous Training

Methods of Exercise and Training

3/4 adults have taken part in some sport, game or physical activity in the last 12 months.

In terms of participation the 5 most popular sports amongst adults in the UK are:o Walking 46%o Swimming 35%o Keep Fit/Yoga 22%o Cycling 19%o Cue Sports (Snooker/Pool) 17%

Participation rates by gender and age:o 51% Men and 36% Women participate in regular exerciseo 44% Men and 31% Women belong to a sports clubo 40% Men and 14% Women enter sporting competitions

Women’s participation in football and rugby are now much higher than in the past and this is on the rise.

The proportion of adults who take part in at least one sport generally decreases with age.o 77% of 16 – 19 year olds take part in at least sporto 30% of 70+ year olds take part in at least 1 sport

Participation in some activities is strongly related to age:o Soccer, cue sports, running and cycling are more popular amongst younger age groupso Golf is popular amongst adults with an average age of 42 but many adults up to 69 take parto Swimming/keep fit/yoga is popular amongst adults between 16 and 44 but this then declineso Bowls is popular amongst adults between 60 and 69 years old

Levels of Participation in the UK

Health Reasons To manage stress To feel good To have a good sense of well-being To live longer To improve or maintain an image For enjoyment To meet new people or to make friends As a hobby To please or to copy parents or role models To make money or as a jobReasons for

Participation

Health Reasons Disability Injury Discrimination Lack of Time/Other Pressures Cultural Peer Pressure Technology Lack of Confidence Lack of encouragement or Positive

Influences Lack of Opportunities due to Facilities Lack of MoneyReasons for Non-

Participation

Access to facilities Ethnicity Religion Environment Climate Cultural barriers Funding barriers Time Resources Peer PressureSocial, Cultural and

Locational Reasons Affecting Participation

PE Lessons Extra-Curricular Sports Clubs Exam Courses e.g. GCSE PE Links with Local Sports Clubs The National Curriculum – it is compulsory Health Awareness Programmes Provides opportunities for children to follow

the key processes in physical education (as mentioned earlier)

School Influences on Participation

Regular involvement in PE, Sport and Dance Take part in school and community sport and

dance opportunities To gain a qualification as a performer, leader or

official Being involved in challenging and complex

tasks Reaching the highest possible standards Pursuing routes into sport through

volunteeringPathways for Involvement in Physical Activity