GCSE PE Revision: Joints
Transcript of GCSE PE Revision: Joints
Joints GCSE revision guide
A joint is….........
‘Where two bones meet’
Allow movement
Attach muscles
Allow muscular contraction to cause movement.
There are 3 classifications of
joints:
Fixed or immoveable
joints eg cranium
Slightly moveable joints
eg vertebrae
Freely moveable or
‘synovial joints’ eg knee,
elbow, shoulder
There are 3 classifications.
They are classified by their structure and the way
they allow movement:
1) Ball and socket joint
2) Hinge joint
3) Pivot joint
The most moveable joints in the body. Allow
movement in all directions e.g. the shoulder and
the hip.
Work like a hinge on a door and can bend to allow
movement in two directions only eg the knee, the
elbow.
Only allows rotation and is found at the top of the
vertebrae (your neck)
Ball and Socket
Lifting front leg to clear a hurdle.
Doing straddle jump.
Butterfly arm movement.
Front crawl.
Back kick in karate.
Bowling action in cricket.
Hinge
Legs bending during a squat.
As you kick a football.
Bending arm when doing bicep curls.
Pivot
In netball turning head to look for ball.
Turning head to look for the ball when batting in
rounders.
1)Extension. Straightening or extending a limb (the
angle of the joint increases) eg the arm extending
at the elbow and moving to 180 degrees.
2)Flexion. Bending or flexing a limb (the angle of
the joint decreases) eg flexing the elbow and
moving the angle to 90 degrees.
1)Abduction. Moving a limb away from the centre
line of the body (an alien would ‘take somebody
away’ when they abduct a person) eg the arm can
be moved away from the centre line of the body at
the shoulder.
2)Adduction. Moving a limb towards the centre line
of the body (you are ‘adding’ the limb to the body)
eg arm moved towards centre line of body at the
shoulder.
Rotation. This is a turning or rotational movement
of a limb or body part eg the arms can rotate at
the shoulder.
Now for a quiz! 1. The synovial hip joint is an example of a:
hinge joint
pivot joint
ball and socket joint
2. Synovial fluid:
strengthens the joint
lubricates the joint
aids tendons
3. Which movement allows only extension and flexion?
Hinge
Ball and socket
Pivot
4. Which is not a freely moveable joint?
Ball and socket
Cranium
Pivot
5. Write down the three functions of a joint
6. Where would you find a slightly moveable joint?
Vertebrae
Knee
Ankle
Ball and socket joint
Extension, flexion, abduction, adduction, rotation.
Hinge joint
Extension, flexion.
Pivot joint
Rotation
ANSWERS
1. Ball and socket joint
2. Lubricates the joint
3. Hinge joint
4. Cranium
5. Allows movement, attaches muscle and allows muscular
contraction to cause movement
6. Vertebrae
GOOD LUCK!