Gas Engines as Essential Building Block for Distributed ...Engi… · Waukesha* VHP* Gas...
Transcript of Gas Engines as Essential Building Block for Distributed ...Engi… · Waukesha* VHP* Gas...
Gas Engines as Essential Building Blockfor Distributed Power GenerationDr. Andreas M. Lippert GM Product Management and Engineering | GE Distributed Power
8th AVL LARGE ENGINE TECHDAYS | April 11-12, 2018
Electrification, new fuels and power sources: boom or doom for large engines?
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Today’s world energy challenges …
8.5B
1.1B
30%
60%
Expected world population by 2030
currently at 7.6B
Population without electricity
Expected increase in electricity
demand by 2040
Increasing urbanization … 60% of
world population will live in cities
Gas & renewables are growing …
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0
5
10
15
Africa
Other Asia
India
China
OECD
The energy transition according to BP‘s 2018 Energy Outlook
*Industry excludes non-combusted use of fuels | Source: 2018 BP Energy Outlook
0
5
10
15
20 Renewables
Hydro
Nuclear
Coal
Gas
Oil
0
5
10
15
20 20Transport Other
Industry*
Non-combusted
Buildings
Billion toe
Primary energy demand
End-use sector Region Fuel
Source: bp.com/energyoutlook
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The transition to a lower carbon fuel mix continues…
† Non-fossils includes renewables, nuclear and hydro | Source: 2018 BP Energy Outlook
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Oil
Coal
Gas
Non-fossils†
Source: bp.com/energyoutlook
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
Hydro
Nuclear
Renewables
Oil
Coal
Gas
“In 2040, renewables provide the same share of
world electricity generation as coal at 31%.”
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040
liquids
nuclear
natural gas
coal
Renewables
incl. hydro
2015
International Energy Outlook 2017 | U.S. Energy Information Administration
Share of primary energy
?
Share of net electricity generation
The world (especially power) is in transition …
NYC 1900 NYC 1913
Difficult to predict the pace of change of ecosystem transformation
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DECARBONIZATION ELECTRIFICATION
ACROSS SECTORS
ELECTRIFICATION OF ENERGY
USES, transport (EVs) and heating
By 2040, RENEWABLES will
represent 30% of global net
electricity
DECENTRALIZATION
GROWING PENETRATION of
distributed resources
(CHP, renewable, storage,
efficient devices)
IMPACT
• End user becomes an active actor of
the power system (‘pro-sumer’)
• Complexity of distribution grids grows
IMPACT
• Growth of electricity demand
• Acceleration of decentralization
of the power sector
IMPACT
• Generation becoming difficult to
forecast & variable
• Grid stability, congestion,
volatility on electricity markets
DIGITIZATION
GROWING THE NUMBER of
connected devices
& smart sensors
IMPACT
• Allowing decision-making based
on dynamic and nodal prices
Trends disrupting the power sector from generation to T&D
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“Green grid reliability requires flexible
resource capabilities”
• Sustain upward or downward ramp
• Respond for a defined period of time
• Change ramp directions quickly
• Store energy or modify use
• React quickly and meet expected operating levels
• Start with short notice from a zero or low-
electricity operating level
• Start and stop multiple times per day
• Accurately forecast operating capability”
Renewables are impacting the power grid at scale
CA ISO | Flexible Resources Help Renewables | 2016
1Net demand
Total demand
Solar + Wind
Actual Fri 06.04.2018
31
26
21
16
11
GW
Source: CAISO
13MW
in 3 hrs
California “Duck Curve” … Ramp Rates
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Renewables are impacting the power grid at scale
Dispatch profile … multi-day lows in renewables Power prices: retail vs. wholesale
Example: Germany
Low Renewables
Gas key to fill in
Example: Germany
2 3
End user power
prices increasing
with T&D costs,
renewable taxes
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IMPROVING GRID RESILIENCE AND
ENERGY EFFICIENCY336 GW of distributed power to be installed globally by 2024 for improved grid reliability
INCREASING GRID EFFICIENCY AND
UTILIZATIONPower systems are often de-rated and expensive peaker plants are often used to meet demand
ENABLING RENEWABLES AND A DIVERSIFIED
ENERGY MIXRenewables will account for 30% of global power generation capacity by 2022 (IEA)
UPGRADING AGING INFRASTRUCTURE AND
MEETING GROWING ENERGY NEEDS
70% of transformers in developed countries are over 25 years old. Global electricity consumption is expected to grow 46% by 2025
Power and information must flow in many directions
CHALLENGE
CHALLENGE
CHALLENGE
CHALLENGE
Gas engines have undergone large innovation steps … and this continues
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• More than 25 years of proven service
• More than 4 ,200 engines across the globe
• Power density up 2x, efficiency up +42% from original platform launch
Example: Jenbacher Type 6… 29 years old and still evolving
Extendability & flexibility of engine platforms
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J
K
K
Electrical Efficiency [%]
Specific Output BMEP [bar]
Ele
ctr
ica
lEff
icie
nc
y [
%]
J
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Increasing transient flexibility … for peaking & capacity markets
J420B fast start version for peaking • < 120 sec from demand to full load (warm engine)
• < 90sec from demand to full load (hot engine)
From start to full load in <120sec (on demand)
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
0 50 100 150 200 250 300
Engi
ne
po
wer
ou
tpu
t (k
W)
Time (s)
Original
Fast Start
Fast start: 60s from
synchronization to
full power
UK capacity market
Gas engines are playing an enabling role in the energy ecosystem transformation …
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Gas Engines have broad application flexibility
Landfill GasOx Mountain (CA, USA)
11.5 MW | 6 x J616
Steel Furnace GasArcelor Mittal | Avilés,
Spain
20.4 MW | 12 x J620
Greenhouse CHP
and CO2Dmitrov, Russia
5.4 MW | 3 x J612
Natural Gas Manaus, Brazil
120 MW | 46 x J620...
Rural electrification Bangladesh
81 MW | 28 x J620
Diesel-to-Gas
Switching Coldwater, MI, US (CHP)
13MW | 3 x J624
Sewage gasSantiago Basin, Chile
7.3 MW | 3x J620
Coal mine gasMoranbah mine,
Australia
45.6 MW | 15 x J620
Jenbacher*
Type 6
*Trademark of the General Electric Company
Waukesha*
VHP*
Gas Compression (Nat. Gas)Bekasi, Indonesia20,000 hp | 12 x L7044GSI
Remote PowerJidong oilfield, China 4000 hp | 3x L5794GSI
Gas injectionAlgeriaF3524GSI
Gas Compression (low emissions)Barnett Shale, Dallas/ Fort Worth, TX 2700 hp | 2 x L5794GSI
Drilling (high BTU field gas)Harrison Co, WV7044GSI
Oilfield PowerMatachines Sur, Colombia> 100 x VHP
Gas Compression
(high BTU field gas)Harrison Co, WV
7044GSI
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Modular CHP with Gas engines from 100kW to 100MWAn essential component of the energy transition
Biogas CHP
Breweries
Sugar factories
Paper mills
Landfill gas
Sewage gas
Coal Mine Gas
Municipalities / utilities
with district heating
Hospitals CHP
Airports CHP
Shopping centers CHP
Large CHP power plants
• Energy efficient: engine-heat usage 90% efficiency
• CO2 neutral: variety of "renewable" applications
• Decentralized: relieves network congestion
• Regional: not dependent on energy suppliers
• Flexible: balance wind and solar
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K.I.E.L. … from coal to flexible, high-efficiency gas engine CHP plant
Municipality Kiel CHP plant, DE
190.4 MW plant net electric output
191.8 MW thermal output
45 / 91 % net electrical / total efficiency
• 5 minutes start up time
• 4 MW minimum stable load
• Approx. 4,000 oh/yr, up to 800 starts/yr
Existing: Hard coal plant
323 MW net electric output
295 MW heat output
>50% total efficiency
Age: ~50 years
** Kiels intelligente Energie-Lösung
https://www.stadtwerke-kiel.de/swk/de/unternehmen/aktuell/gasheizkraftwerk/gasheizkraftwerk.jsp
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Gas engines enable flexible operation
Turndown
Emissions w/
Efficiency
Run
Ready-to-start
shutdown
Base Load
Efficient, Reliable
& Flexible
Load FollowPeak
Fast, Efficient
Responsive
Load
Flexible &
Reliable
Standard path
Option Output
Option Efficiency
Adaptive … make the most out of all operating scenarios
Full load
3 min
Load shed:
100% / 1min
Ramp rates:
72MW/min
Plant part load: 20%
Plant part
load: 2%
J920 FleXtra has superior load-following capabilities compared to larger turbine plants
CHP operating window
at a marginal cost prediction
of, e.g., 37 €/MWh
Expected
operation
mode: up to
800 starts
per year
Kiel CHP plant
based on J920
Source: Roger Mayer , SW Kiel
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Natural gas production … distributed & decentralized
Source: EIA
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3 main areas of use for gas engines in gas production
Wellhead Storage/transmission
Gathering stations collect gas from multiple
wellheads and compress gas to processing stations
Gathering
Low hp compressors draw gas
directly out of the gas well
Engines run on untreated gas
Processed natural gas is
re-injected into storage wells or
piped through transmission
pipelines for distribution
* Trademark of General Electric Company
Waukesha VGF*
and VHP*
Waukesha VHP*
Waukesha 275GL+ *
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Digital services in a distributed power world
Millions of DERs
Electric Vehicles Large Storage/ microgridsSmart buildings Gas Engines
Energy
dashboard
Connectivity layer
Distribution Utilities Traders, Aggregators, Asset managers
Field agent/
gateway
Rooof top solar/smart homes
✓ Complement SCADA-based DERM with higher/
accurate DER visibility and control
✓ Create a distribution-level energy market
1. Information visualization
✓Better load forecast
✓Enable distribution-level LMP
2. Demand-Response/distr gen control
✓Active-Reactive voltage control
✓Network losses reduction
✓ Trackability, auditability and management of energy sources
✓ Enable trade of aggregated MW blocks … PPA, wholesale or P2P
1. Manage and control distributed energy sources
✓Energy cost visualization, dashboard and benchmarking
✓Enable use-cases for distributed generaiton/storage
2. Grid-aware transaction management
✓Virtual Power Plant
✓Peer 2 Peer trading across assets … Virtual Microgrid
Use cases
Apps VPPP2P trading
1
2
IoT layer technology: connectivity , visualization, control
DERM app - visibility, forecast, Demand/Response
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Distributed Power’s digital solutions support the transformationImprove asset reliability, reduce operations and maintenance costs
Asset Performance Management (APM) Examples from customer
success stories …
* Trademark of General Electric Company
• Up to 2% Reliability … faster return to
service and lower unplanned downtime
• Up to 5% Reduced maintenance
costs … trip avoidance via remote
management, early issue detection and
resolution and condition-based maintenance
• Up to 10% Lower operating costs ... centralized fleet-level access to data, reduced
manual data-logging, mobility and automated
reporting
DP’s Asset Performance Management solution, through the
myPlant* software suite, is specially designed for reciprocating
engine operators and service providers. With APM, you can:
• Monitor equipment health and diagnose faults
• Proactively manage asset performance with analytics
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DecarbonizationBalancing for wind & solar, and coal
retirements. Bio and waste gases,
CO2 neutral gas (H2)
Alternative to gridLower grid availability, congestion,
affordability. Electrify off-grid
communities. Increased need for
resiliency in urban centers
Flexibility & ModularityFlexible operation/set-up, fuel
flexibility, avoid T&D investment,
permitting, lower risk, batteries
Sector CouplingCHP: enabling high total efficiency
EVs: driving need for local capacity
Increased NG productionGas compression
Gas availability & affordability,
LNG, Diesel to Gas switching
Segment DiversityCHP, peaking, capacity markets,
biogas, greenhouses, OFPG, waste
gases …
Gas engines are a key enabler for the energy transformation…
Gas engines need to meet a number of challenges today and tomorrow …
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• Emissions: Europe (e.g. IED, MCP) and US (EPA, CARB) driving lower emission year after year: NOx, CO, HCHO, CO2, ….
• Grid Codes: expanding from EU (NC RfG) to other countries, increases the transient demand on the genset … Fault Ride Through requirements.
• Gas quality: LNG imports; new gas standards (e.g. CEN/TC234), wide Wobbe Index, Sulfur still at 30mg/Nm3, Hydrogen, rapid variations, …
• Ancillary services: demanding fast start, high transient ramp rates, high reliability and closed loop plant control. Low operating hours and high start rates becoming the new normal.
Trends and policies … 2017+ outlook
Sim
ult
an
eo
us
req
uir
em
en
ts…
ten
sio
n
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Energy balancing (Example Germany)
Primary (PRL) Secondary SRL Tertiary MRL
Response/m
in Power
30sec/1MW 5min/5MWe
1st MWe <30sec
15min/ 15MW
Activation automatic (∆f) Electronic (bus) Phone
Pooling yes yes yes
Auction Weekly Weekly Daily
Primary reserve
Primary Reserve
Secondary reserve
Secondary
reserve
Tertiary reserve
Tertiary reserve
Load management
Load management
time
MW Energy reserve(+)
Energy reserve (-)
50 Hz
MW
Primary (PRL) Secondary (SRL)
Tertiary (MRL)
Backup
Power
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Operating profiles are changing … more dynamic, multi-start
CHP
4.000 8.000
Starts/year
365
3.000+
BiogasPeakerCHP
Peaker
Mid Merit
Bh/a
1.500+
N Ratio 1
„N Ratio“ = operating hours
per start
UK capacity market
~1,000-1,500 oph
~700 – 1,000 starts
In summary …
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Gas Engines are an essential building block in the energy tranformation
The world is decarbonizing, decentralizing, digitizing … and electrifying• Fossil fuels moving increasingly to gas
• Renewables penetrating significantly
• Decentralization is enabled by attractive economics and increased digital connectivity
Gas engines provide a highly flexible, dispatchable source of power and heat• From natural gas production to decentralized power to stabilizing the grid at scale
Challenges: greater flexibility AND tighter requirements• Wider gas quality ranges are driving broad band products contradicting engine efficiency targets
• Stricter emission requirements may add CAPEX and OPEX
• National grid codes become additional challenges for grid-parallel operation
Innovation & the flexibility to adapt – along with enabling policy – remain key
Gas engines contribute significantly to the energy transformation already underway
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Thank you!