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World Bank

Addendum to Bekasi Landfill Gas Project – Environmental Due Diligence Final Report 31 October 2007 www.erm.com

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Delivering sustainable solutions in a more competitive world

PT. ERM Indonesia Wisma Aldiron Dirgantara, 2nd Floor Jl. Gatot Subroto kav. 238-239Jakarta 12870 Indonesia Telephone +62 21 7918 1904Facsimile +62 21 7918 1905Website: www.erm.com

Client World Bank

Report No

Summary Addendum to Bekasi Landfill Gas Project – Environmental Due Diligence Final Report

Date

31 October 2007

Approved by Karlheinz Spitz President Director Indonesia

Revision Description By Checked Approved Date

This report has been prepared by Environmental Resources Management with all reasonable skill, care and diligence within the terms of the Contract with the client, incorporating our General Terms and Conditions of Business and taking account of the resources devoted to it by agreement with the client. We disclaim any responsibility to the client and others in respect or any matters outside the scope of the above. This report is confidential to the client and we accept no responsibility of whatsoever nature to any third parties to whom this report, or any part thereof, is made known. Any such party relies upon the report at their own risk.

Distribution

Internal

Public

Confidential

ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCES MANAGEMENT 2007

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CONTENTS

1 ENVIRONMENTAL DUE DILIGENCE REPORT RELATING TO THE EXISTING LANDFILL 1

1.1 OBJECTIVE 1 1.2 BACKGROUND 1 1.3 DESCRIPTION OF TPA SUMUR BATU LANDFILL - BEKASI 3

2 ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSIS REPORT FOR THE LFG COMPONENT OF THE PROJECT 9

2.1 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS 9 2.2 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN (RKL – INDONESIAN

ACRONYM) 14 2.3 ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PLAN (RPL – INDONESIAN ACRONYM)

17 2.4 PUBLIC CONSULTATION 20

3 CONCLUSIONS 22

APPENDIX A – SITE VISIT REPORT

APPENDIX B – GROUNDWATER MONITORING RESULTS


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TABLES

Table 1.1 Degradable Organic Carbon of MSW (DOC) 3 Table 1.2 Summary of Sumur Batu Landfill Groundwater Monitoring

Result 7 Table 2.1 Gas Emission Generated from LFG Flaring 10 Table 2.2 Emission Standards for Flaring 11 Table 2.3 Indonesian Ambient Air Quality Standards Applicable to

Flaring 11 Table 2.4 Environmental Management Plan 15 Table 2.5 Environmental Monitoring Plan 18 Table 2.6 Public Consultation and Communication Process. 20

FIGURES

Figure 1.1 Project Location 4 Figure 1.2 Location of TPA Sumur Batu Landfill 5 Figure 1.3 Site Layout of Sumur Batu Landfill 6


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1 ENVIRONMENTAL DUE DILIGENCE REPORT RELATING TO THE EXISTING LANDFILL

1.1 OBJECTIVE

The purpose of this Addendum is to list the key environmental impacts identified in connection with the proposed Sumur Batu landfill gas flaring project in the city of Bekasi, Indonesia, as a Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) project under the Kyoto Protocol for Climate Change. The primary focus of the project is the efficient collection of gas and flaring of methane gas.

It is expected to have significant positive benefits notably the protection of the environment and human beings through the mitigation of potential risks associated with improper waste disposal.

1.2 BACKGROUND

Urban waste, a result of growing population and increased development, is one of the most important issues in the megacities of Asia. Urban waste management becomes more difficult due to the lack of area for disposal and resistance from community to open new area for landfill. Lack of transportation and obsolete equipment also contribute to the problems of solid waste management.

In the large cities in Indonesia, the local government lacks the ability to manage the urban waste. Based on the year 2002 data from the Statistical Center Unit, approximately 80,000 tonnes of urban wastes are handled by 384 local governments in Indonesia. Only 4% of the waste is properly managed. About 38% of the waste is burned and 5% of the waste is disposed of into the river. More than 50% of the waste is basically unmanaged.1 Urban waste management will become a very critical issue if there are no comprehensive waste management policy and procedures in place.

Inadequate waste disposal in particular has contributed to water pollution, air pollution and exacerbated flooding. Unmanaged urban waste will cause potential problems for the community as it may result in contagious and skin diseases.

Urban waste management should be set as first priority to avoid potential problem which will impact its local community as it has occurred to some cities in the Java island, such as Bandung, Jakarta, Bekasi, and Surabaya.

1 Infrastruktur Indonesia Sebelum, Selama dan Pasca Krisis, Deputi Bidang Sarana dan

Prasarana Bappenas, Oktober 2002


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The city of Bekasi is situated on the eastern boundary of Jakarta in West Java, Indonesia. Its residential population is approximately 1.9 million people. The city suffers from an inability to cope with waste generation and disposal, a problem in many cities in Indonesia. In addition to its own municipal solid waste (MSW) problems, the final disposal site for Jakarta’s MSW is located within the city boundaries. Waste disposal is therefore of major concern for the residents and government of the city, and carbon financing will enable the city of Bekasi to improve its Solid Waste Management (SWM).

MSW Collection Services in Bekasi City

The city of Bekasi currently uses a fleet of 48 dump trucks, 15 armrolls and 1 pickup truck, each with a capacity of 6 m3, to collect MSW and transport it to TPA Sumur Batu. The total haulage capacity is 948 m3/day, which is only 15% of the amount of MSW that is generated within the city daily. Therefore, the ability to provide an adequate collection system is restricted due to the limited daily haulage capacity of the city’s truck fleet.

Forecast MSW Generation and Disposal

Constant population growth within the city of Bekasi has led to a corresponding increase in MSW generation, requiring the city to continually invest in additional haulage capacity. The predicted growth in population and corresponding increase in collection service needs will therefore place a limit on the life of TPA Sumur Batu unless further land is acquired, as planned. In addition, the current low levels of collection service within the city are unacceptable for the government and residents.

The intent of the government of Bekasi in undertaking this CDM project is to generate the much needed revenue stream to improve MSW management. Increased MSW disposal will bring about other benefits under CDM as this additional organic waste will generate methane which the project will collect and destroy therefore increasing the projects CER revenue.

Increases in population and collection services from 2007 until 2017 will lead to additional disposal of 2.128 million tonnes of organic waste. Although an additional 5 hectares has been reported as being available for expansion the disposal life of the landfill will be around 2017. The life could be extended if an activity such as landfill mining was undertaken, releasing old cells for new waste disposal.

Derivation of the individual parameter calculations for DOC is provided in Table 1.2.


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Table 1.1 Degradable Organic Carbon of MSW (DOC)

Anaerobic decomposition of the organic waste at the landfill will produce primarily methane gas (CH4) and other gases. Methane gas contributes to the emission of greenhouse gases and global warming. Methane has a global warming potential 21 times that of Carbon Dioxide (CO2). Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) in collecting the Methane gas from TPA and combustion of the landfill gas (LFG) will reduce greenhouse gas emissions and also provide additional revenue for the City of Bekasi.

1.3 DESCRIPTION OF TPA SUMUR BATU LANDFILL - BEKASI

The improvement of solid waste management in Bekasi is one of the main objectives of the gas flaring project; carbon financing from the reduction of methane gas emissions from the landfill will enable the city of Bekasi to improve its solid waste management, providing benefits to both the environment and the community. This section will give a general overview of the landfill location and will discuss the characterization of the solid waste composition and management, which affects methane gas production in the landfill.

The city of Bekasi is situated within the Indonesian province of West Java, sharing its administrative boundaries with the special province of DKI Jakarta to the west, Bogor Regency (Kabupaten) to the south, and Bekasi Regency to the north and east. Figure 1.1. shows the project location.

The administration area of the city covers approximately 210.5 km2 and is divided into 10 administrative districts (Kecamantan) with Kecamantan Bantar Gebang having the largest area, approximately 41.8 km2.

Material % Composition % Composition

of Total Organics

DOC content in % of fresh wet

organic waste1

DOC (Degradable Organic Carbon) kg per

kg of fresh organic waste

Wood 5.7% 6.6% 0.30 0.020

Paper 10.7% 12.4% 0.40 0.050

Organic (Food) 65% 76.3% 0.16 0.122

Grass, Leaf, Palm Fronds, Coconut, Bamboo, Rattan2 0 0 0 0

Textile 4.1% 4.7% 0.40 0.019

Wood 5.7% 6.6% 0.30 0.020

Total Organics (kg) 86.4% 100.0% Total DOC (kg) 0.211

1 IPCC 2006 Chapter 5 Table 2.4 2 Estimated % of Food


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The city of Bekasi established the TPA Sumur Batu landfill in mid-2003. This landfill has an allocation of 10 ha of land bordering the northeast boundary of TPA Bantargebang (DKI Jakarta’s landfill) and has a design capacity of approximately 2 million m3. The capacity and life of the landfill will be extended with the planned inclusion of an additional 5 hectares when required.

Figure 1.1 Project Location


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The location of the TPA Landfill in the city of Bekasi is shown in Figure 1.2.

Figure 1.2 Location of TPA Sumur Batu Landfill

Figure 1.3 shows the landfill layout of TPA Sumur Batu landfill.


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Figure 1.3 Site Layout of Sumur Batu Landfill


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The Sumur Batu landfill EA (AMDAL) was approved by the Government on September 18, 2003. According to site visits and interviews with city officials, most significant environmental problems associated with the existing landfill are leachate, offensive odor, flies, and smoke due to landfill fires, some of which cause complaints from nearby communities. To mitigate such problems, landfill operations including waste unloading location and placement practice have been changed. However, further measures are required to satisfactorily address these issues.

Groundwater monitoring was conducted by the Bekasi Municipality at four sampling points. Two sampling points were located in the north and two in the south of Sumur Batu landfill. Monitoring results show exceedances of pH and Sulphide standards of the Ministry of Health (Ministry of Health Decree No. 416/MENKES/PER/IX/1990). Monitoring results at the four locations are summarized in Table 1.2.

Table 1.2 Summary of Sumur Batu Landfill Groundwater Monitoring Result

Location

Parameter Unit Sumur Batu Utara

1

Sumur Batu Utara

2

Sumur Batu

Selatan 1

Sumur Batu

Selatan 2

Regulatory Limit *)

pH 4.9 6.5 5.9 4.6 6.5 – 8.5

Sulphide, H2S

mg/L 0.07 0.03 0.07 0.03 0.05

Manganese, Mn

mg/L 0.12 0.03 0.07 0.26 0.1

E. Coli total/100mL 0 0 2 0 0

*) Permenkes No. 416/MENKES/PER/IX/1990 exceeds regulatory stds Source: City of Bekasi, Environment Department, 2006

The full monitoring results of groundwater at Sumur Batu landfill are given in Appendix B. Community wells around the Sumur Batu landfill were also monitored to see whether there was any migration of leachate from the Sumur Batu landfill. The monitoring results indicated that the groundwater quality of the surrounding villages were within the acceptable standards. Also there seems to be no adverse health impacts to the villagers arising from the groundwater. There seems to be no adverse environmental and health impacts of the leachate from the Sumur Batu landfill.

With regard to migration of leachates to Sumur Batu from the adjoining larger Bantar Gebang landfill, visual inspection indicated that the two landfills were hydrologically independent and have their own separate drainage systems. The rainwater and leachate flows from either of the landfills were separated by respective drainage and access roads. This was further verified by discussions with the Head of the Environment Department of Bekasi Municipality.


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There have been no cases of landslides or waste collapses at the site. The site visit report is shown in Appendix A.

Given the necessity of improved landfill management, recommended priority measures for the City include the following:

• Rehabilitation and new construction of leachate collection and treatment facilities, and their proper operation and maintenance

• Employment of heavy machines for waste placement and compaction, and their proper operation and maintenance

• Equipment of a waste sorting facility

• Provision of fencing for safety and avoiding wastes being littered

No concrete financing plan for such improvement has been identified so far, but it is recommended for the City to explore and mobilize funds such as Central Government’s subsidy, part of CER revenue, and City’s own existing funding sources.


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2 ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSIS REPORT FOR THE LFG COMPONENT OF THE PROJECT

The proposed project involves mainly capturing and flaring of methane gas resulting in emissions of products of combustion during flaring, thus reducing the emission of greenhouse gas (GHG). Through the project activity of collecting, flaring and combustion of landfill gas (LFG), it is estimated that approximately 700,000 tonnes of methane gas will be flared for the first 7 year period, and approximately a total of 700,000 tonnes of CO2 will be emitted. The CO2 emission from the flare is from a biogenic source and therefore is carbon neutral. The Emission Reduction achieved for the first 7 years is estimated to be approximately 700,000 tonnes CO2 equivalent.

The construction of the landfill gas extraction and flaring facility will include the following components:

(i) a collection system consisting of horizontal and vertical wells and collection pipes that will be installed in the area containing waste and expanded over time as additional areas are filled;

(ii) landfill gas pumping equipment including a pipeline and blowers; (iii) landfill gas treatment and flare system which will remove moisture and

combust the gas; and (iv) a monitoring and control system. A detailed design will be developed by

an investor once it is determined.

2.1 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS

The environmental impacts are identified for both the construction phase and operation phase of the Gas Flaring project.

During the construction phase, the environmental impacts include:

• Noise, generated from transportation and installation activities; and

• Dust, generated from transportation activities.

These impacts will affect communities living in and near the project site. Noise can be minimized by proper design and use of a noise silencer. Dust can be minimized by using dust suppressant techniques, e.g. water spraying.

Some environmental impacts are expected to occur during the operation phase, due to the emission of gases from flaring as a result of the combustion of methane generated in the landfill. These gases and their sources are noted in Table 2.1 below. Carbon Dioxide (CO2) and water vapor (H2O) are the primary gaseous emissions from the flaring. In addition, there will be emission of oxides of nitrogen (NOx) as a product of combustion. Emissions of Carbon Monoxide (CO), Hydrogen (H2) and Methane (CH4) may occur due to incomplete combustion during flaring. There is no regulation for CO2.


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However, CO2 will contribute to global Greenhouse Gases. The other emissions, i.e. NOx, CO, CH4 and H2 may have some impacts on the ambient air quality and safety of the population nearby due to fire hazards.

A comparison of relevant national & international emission standards is given in Table 2.2. Nitrogen oxides (NOx) is the only parameter for which there is applicable national emission standard of 1000 mg/m3. There are applicable international emission standards for the Carbon Monoxide, Nitrogen Oxides and Hydrocarbons. The international standards are considerably more stringent compared to the national one. The flaring system will be designed so as to meet the relevant international standards.

Other environmental impacts include risks of fire and explosions; asphyxia, odor nuisance, noise, heat, and opacity. There will be potential impacts on local communities in terms of health and safety risks. The notable environmental, heath and safety impacts of the flaring of LFG during the project operation phase are summarized in Table 2.3, along with the applicable national and international standards.

Table 2.1 Gas Emission Generated from LFG Flaring

No Emission Emission Source 1 Carbon Dioxide CO2 Combustion products of methane

and other carbon compounds 2 Water Vapor H2O Combustion products of methane

and other carbon compounds 3 Carbon Monoxide CO Product of incomplete combustion 4 Hydrogen H2 Product of incomplete combustion 5 Nitrogen Oxide NOx Combustion product, nitrogen in

fuel or secondary formation in fuel 6 Methane CH4 Un-burnt fuel gas (indicating

incomplete combustion) Source: Guidance for Monitoring Enclosed Landfill Gas Flares, SEPA, 2004


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Table 2.2 Emission Standards for Flaring

Standard Parameter Impact Generated National* International **

Carbon Monoxide

CO Health impact No Standard 50 mg/Nm3

Nitrogen Oxide

NOx Health impact (photochemical smoke)

1,000 mg/Nm3 150 mg/Nm3

Methane (Unburnt Hydrocarbon)

CH4 Health & safety impact (photochemical smoke and fire & explosion)

No Standard 10 mg/Nm3

Carbon Dioxide

CO2 Global Warming (GHG) No Standard

No Standard

Water Vapor H2O No significant impact No Standard No Standard Hydrogen H2 Safety impact (fire &

explosion) No Standard No Standard

*National standard based on Indonesia’s National Emission Standards for Miscellaneous Industries (Kep-13/MENLH/3/1995) ** International standards are based on the UK Emission Standards for Enclosed Landfill Gas Flares

Table 2.3 Indonesian Ambient Air Quality Standards Applicable to Flaring

Parameter Standard Carbon Monoxide CO 30,000 µg/ m3 (1 hr)

10,000 µg/ m3 (24 hrs) Nitrogen Oxide NOx 400 µg/ m3 (1 hr)

150 µg/ m3 (24 hrs) 100 µg/ m3 (1 yr)

Methane (Unburnt Hydrocarbon) CH4 160 µg/ m3 (3 hrs) Opacity - 35% Noise - 70 dB (A) Odor - 0.02 ppm (as H2S) Carbon Dioxide CO2 No Standard Water Vapor H2O No Standard Hydrogen H2 No Standard Notes: - National standard for CO, NOx (as NO2) and CH4 (as HC) are based on

GR No. 41/1999 - National standard for odor is based on Kep-50/MENLH/11/1996 - National standard for Nuisance is based on Kep-46/MENLH/11/1996 - National standard for opacity is based on Kep-13/MENLH/3/1995

There is no emission standard for CO2, which is a common greenhouse gas. The CO2 emission due to flaring of methane gas is estimated to be 100,000 tonnes per year. However, it is to be noted that CO2 is 21 times less reactive GHG than methane gas, hence there will be net reduction of the greenhouse gas emissions due to the project activity.

In addition to potential impacts to ambient air quality and resulting risks to human health in the project site area, there are potential physical impacts of the proposed project activities. These are noted below with a description of the impacted receptors and potential mitigating actions to reduce or avoid impacts:


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Fire& Explosion

The flares will burn relatively large amounts of fuel gas, which poses a risk of fire and explosion, leading to emissions of and exposure to CH4 and/or H2. This presents a potential health and safety risk to workers at the site, as well as communities living close to the proposed project site. The following actions should be considered to reduce potential risk and impact from fire and explosion at the project site:

• Standard fire prevention devices should be made available at the project site;

• The flare should be located with consideration of safety aspects, i.e. not locating the flare within enclosed spaces (e.g. within buildings) or near to the trees or other structures that could ignite at high temperatures. The gas dispersion modeling should be used to assess the safety of the location of the flare;

• Access to emergency services for both workers and surrounding communities should be made available in the case of fire or explosion.

Asphyxia

Since an enclosed flare system is proposed for this project, there is a potential risk of asphyxia at the project location, impacting mostly workers at the project site. The enclosed flare system is used to prevent nuisance from noise and to offer protection from the weather and prevent unauthorized human access. However, the landfill gas is asphyxiated, so adequate ventilation or systematic safeguards must be used. It is also advisable to avoid locating the flares in hollows, or other such locations where venting gases may collect.

Odor Nuisance

Some models of an open flare system have a large amount of unburned gases passing straight through a flame, causing odor problems. Such odors are generally caused by trace components of the landfill gas, which nevertheless exceed their associated low-odor threshold values. This often results in the general public making complaints to the landfill operators.

The proposed project will use an enclosed flare system, so the impacts of odor will be reduced onsite.

Noise Pollution

The flare can be very noisy due to operation of mechanical equipment and from the combustion itself. The noise pollution has a potential impact on workers at the project site, as well as on the people living near the project site. To reduce the impact of noise pollution on these receptors, the flare should be located away from buildings. If this is not possible, it is necessary to employ extensive sound attenuation measures, including the construction of brick buildings around the flares with sound mufflers on the ventilation ports.


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Under rare conditions, the low-frequency vibration generated from the turbulence within enclosed flares can cause resonance in nearby structures such as buildings and vehicles, causing nausea and headaches. This effect could be avoided by locating the flare at a great enough distance from such structures.

Heat

Scavenger communities nearby the project site may be exposed to the heat from the flare, depending on the physical design and location of the flare.

The source of heat within the flare is as follows:

• Radiative heat from the flame. This only occurs when the flare is operating above its design point;

• The heat through the walls of a combustion chamber; where the combustion chamber has inadequate insulation then the outside surface temperature may be excessive, posing a problem.

The impact of heat from flaring can be mitigated by proper design of the flare and site location; the flare should be located away from population centers and at a proper height. The impact of heat from flaring can also be mitigated through the use of insulation.


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2.2 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN (RKL – INDONESIAN ACRONYM)

The environmental management plan describes all impacts to the environment caused by the LFG project during the construction phase and operational phase. Environmental management efforts are made for each impact to reduce and control the environmental damage caused by the impacts. The Environmental Management Plan lists the appropriate Indonesian Government regulations to be followed for measuring various impacts.

During the construction phase the major impacts will include noise and dust from the transportation activities. In addition, there may be the odor nuisance generated from the disturbance of the landfill itself,

During the operational phase there is the possibility of fire and explosion and odor nuisance from the landfill gases. Other impacts include noise that is caused by equipment operation. In addition, attention must be given to manage the water quality and quantity from landfill leachate. Public health is also of concern and will require regular monitoring and proper management.

Environmental Management Plan (EMP) of the LFG project in the construction phase and the operation phase is summarized in Table 2.4. The Project sponsor/investor will be responsible for implementing the Environmental Management Plan in coordination with the Government of Bekasi City, as the project initiator.


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Table 2.4 Environmental Management Plan

Impact Type Impact Measuring Standard Environment Management Effort Execution Time Executor Institution

CONSTRUCTION PHASE Air quality and Noise Govt. Regulation

Number 41 Year 1999; Minister of Environment Decree, Number Decree-48/MENLH/II/1996

- Vehicles periodic maintenance, - Cultivation of protector crop, - Conducting sprinkler 2-3 times a day

During construction phase - Project Executor, - Landfill Organizer

Odor Nuisance Minister of Environment Decree Number Decree-50/MENLH/II/1996

- Cultivation of protector crop around project location, - Covering the cell with soil every 1 - 3 day, - Covering the cell with tarpaulin or geotextile


Surface Water and ground water quality

Government Regulation Number 82 Year 2001

- Constructing affluent surface water shifting channel, - Landfill compaction to prevent leachate soak into land, - Covering cell with impermeable material, - Constructing leachate treatment pond, - Constructing monitoring well

To be done on the construction initial phase

- Project Executor, - Landfill Organizer

Vector Spread Vector spread width - Covering cell with soil every 1 - 3 day, - Covering cell with tarpaulin hence vector would not spread, - Repressing or breaking off the growth of vector disease


Public Health Number of prevalence and Incident rate

- Workers suppose to wearing self protector appliances, such as masker, earplug. If these steps can be executed properly then the public health decline risk can be minimized



2-16

Impact Type Impact Measuring Standard Environment Management Effort Execution Time Executor Institution

OPERATIONAL PHASE Fire, explosion and Asphyxia

Occurrence Frequency - Preparing fire fighting appliances proportionally, - Installation of danger marking which is easy to be seen by other society and operator, - Making of gas dispersion modelling, - Training to operator, - Constructing proportional room ventilation, - Using self protector appliances

During LFG operations phase


Odor Nuisance Spread width and Minister of Environment Decree Number Decree-50/MENLH/II/1996

- Using Enclosed Flaring System, - Installing odor detector, - Using self protector appliances, such as masker, etc



Noise Noise Level 79dBA, Governor Decree Number 14 Year 2003

- Conducting routine equipment maintenance, - Using proper tool, - Using self protector appliances like earmuff or earplug



Water Quality Government Regulation Number 82 Year 2001 and Governor Decree Number 14 Year 2003

- Continuously operation of leachate treatment pond, - etc




- Conducting periodic health inspection for operator, for example once every 6 months, - Giving health and accident insurance to high risk labour. If such the above efforts can be executed properly then the public health decline risk can be minimized.




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2.3 ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PLAN (RPL – INDONESIAN ACRONYM)

The environmental monitoring plan describes all impacts to the environment and the monitoring efforts required during the construction phase and operational phase of the LFG Flaring Project. Environmental monitoring plans and efforts are made for each impact to reduce and control the environmental impacts caused by the project. The Government has also stipulated standards for various environmental parameters as a guidance and reference to monitor those impacts. Wherever applicable the stipulated standards will be followed for monitoring the impacts on the environment.

Environmental Monitoring Plan of the LFG project in the construction phase and the operation phase is summarized in Table 2.5. The complete Environmental Monitoring Plan can be found on the Bekasi Sumur Batu Landfill’s AMDAL (Environmental Impact Assessment) document. The Project sponsor/investor will be responsible for implementing the Environmental Monitoring Plan in coordination with the Government of Bekasi City, as the project initiator.


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Table 2.5 Environmental Monitoring Plan

Impact Type Parameter Environmental Monitoring Effort Implementation Executor Institution

CONSTRUCTION PHASE Air quality and Noise Dust / particulate,

Noise Conducting measurement of air quality and noise level minimum once every 3 months and reported once every 6 months to the related/relevant institution.


Odor Nuisance Conducting measurement on odor of minimum once every 3 months and reported minimum once every 6 months to the related/relevant institution


Surface Water and ground water quality

Parameter according to water class; Ground water (Class I), Surface Water (Class III)

- Conducting measurement of surface water quality minimum once every 6 months, - Conducting organoleptical monitoring to the monitoring well

To be done on the construction initial phase


Vector Spread Vector spread width Monitoring amount, type and width of vector spread exist in LFG project



- Conducting employees health inspection minimum once every 6 months, - Monitoring the number of employee that has health problem during working in the LFG project



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Impact Type Parameter Environmental Monitoring Effort Implementation Executor Institution

OPERATIONAL PHASE Fire, explosion and Asphyxia

Occurance Frequency - Monitoring the readiness of fire fighting equipments every moment, - Monitoring the readiness and adherence of employees in using self protector appliance.



Odor Nuisance Spread Width Measuring odor spread width which coming out from LFG project location



Noise Noise level 79dBA Measuring noise level with sound level meter in every moment and reported minimum once every 6 months



Water Quality Parameter according to water class

Conducting measurement of water quality minimum once every 6 months




- Conducting employee health inspection minimum once every 6 months, - Monitoring the number of employee that has health problem during working in the LFG project




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2.4 PUBLIC CONSULTATION

The Public Consultation and Communication Process is summarized in Table 2.6.

Table 2.6 Public Consultation and Communication Process.

Activities Time Form of Activities

Source/ Participants

Number of participants Complains/Issues

Public Meeting

Sept 2-4, 2006

Group discussion

Selaras graze No record 1. Questioning the advantages of CDM project particularly for the communities around the landfill

2. Relation between CDM project with effort on increasing the environmental quality

Public Meeting

Sept 19, 2006

Interactive dialogue and discussion

Jacky (ERM) and M Harun (Selaras) Citizens around Sumur Batu landfill

No record 1. Trucks do not cover their loads which caused malodor and waste is scattered in the streets

2. Difficulties to get clean water

3. Stinking smell during night time

4. Flies increased during wet season

Interactive Dialogue

Sept 22, 2006

Live from Dakta Radio, 107 FM

World Bank (ina P), ERM (jacky) and Selaras (Ato S) Host M Harun A

Source: 4 person Questioner: 3 persons

Topic: Green House Effect and World Bank Role in Reducing Emission Gas Listener Responds: 1. Listener questioned

the procedures to participate in WB activities in Bekasi

2. LFG project contribution on Bekasi environment

Public Consultation

Dec 20, 2006

Technical explanation and interactive

ERM, Selaras, Scavengers, Community figures, Youth

40 persons 1. Possibility to use methane gas for household needs

2. Working


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Activities Time Form of Activities

Source/ Participants

Number of participants Complains/Issues

dialogue Organization, Sumur Batu governments, Sanitation Office and NGO

opportunities for communities around the landfill, either at construction phase or LFG operational

3. anxiety for fire and air pollution from the LFG project

4. Land prices will decrease due to bad perception caused by the possibility of fire accident

Focus Group Discussion

July 20 dan 28, 2007

Group Discussion

1. Scavengers and collectors

2. Non-scavengers and Social Organizations (Youth Organization, KAMMI and NGO Tunas Muslim)

No record Scavengers: 1. Scavengers and

collectors hope that the LFG project could increase their income

2. Allowed to do scavenging

Non-scavengers: 1. Working

opportunities at the landfill as a UPTD employee

2. Utilization of methane gas for household needs

3. Anxiety on fire accident

4. Anxiety on temperature increase around Sumur Batu landfill


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3 CONCLUSIONS

The proposed LFG Project will help eliminate and / or reduce the following adverse environmental, safety and health impacts:

• Significant reduction of greenhouse gas emission by combustion of methane gas from the landfill by appropriate design and operation of a flaring system.

• Reduction of odor nuisance due to combustion of hydrogen sulfide in the flaring system.

• Reduction of fire and explosion risk.

• Better stability and gas collection system in the landfill.

• Better leachate control and improved effluent quality.

• Reduction of water-borne and air-borne diseases and better community health.

ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCES MANAGEMENT WB APPENDIX A.DOC FERUARY, 2007

Appendix A Site Visit Report


H-1

WEATHER

Hot, Dry, Humid. No rain during visit PLANT ON SITE AND CONDITION

N/A

WORK IN PROGRESS J Lynch ERM, Lukman Hakim ERM. Asep Sutari and Sugiharto Soepeno from Yayasan Selaras (NGO)

WORK COMPLETED

N/A

REMARKS Site Description Cell 1 of the Bekasi Landfill operation is located on level ground in an area of former forest. The surrounding land use is other landfill cells and areas to the immediate south, and across a road and surface water drain to the west. Leachate collection ponds are located to the north of cell 1. Scavenger residences lie in close proximity (approximately 10m) to the site on the eastern corner (photo 61);


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Photo 61 and along the east to south boundary (photo 69, 72, 73, 76, 91).

Photo 69 Photo 72


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Photo 73 Photo 76

Photo 91 In addition there are other scavenger properties in close proximity to the landfill to the west of the site behind a concrete barrier fence (photo 53).


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Photo 53 Access roads lie adjacent to the landfill cell along the southwest corner to the north corner of the site, and along the northern edge of the landfill. A surface water drainage channel lies next to the access road along the southwest to northern edge of the site (photo 52).


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Photo 52 The drainage channel is approximately 5.0m in width and 2.0 in depth. Another surface water drainage ditch also lies adjacent to the eastern boundary of Cell 1. The landfill in Cell 1 is approximately 14 m in height, and rises in a stepped pyramid type landform with tiers varying in thickness, the lowest tier being approximately 4m or 5m high and reducing to approximately 2m for the top tier. Approximately 5 tiers are present, although an element of scavenging has destroyed some of the tiered structure. Cover is provided in the form of local soils. ERM are not sure on how frequent the cover was placed, either on a daily basis or on the completion of a tiered layer, and to what thickness. No information was available during the site visit. The cell is complete, although cover is sparse in areas particularly the south part of the site which faces cell 2. Reference should be made to available ‘As Built’ drawings of the landfill for details of the road width and surface water drainage ditches. Cell 1 lies on a relatively level site. The surrounding areas are also level suggesting that initial construction was on a level site. Available drawings indicate that there was an approximate 1.5m excavation into the former ground level to form a hollow in which Cell 1 is located. As Built drawings also indicate that this Cell is lined with an HDPE liner and 25cm of compacted soil. The local geology is not described, however during the site visit we were advised that the native red soil - a sandy Clay or clayey Sand underlies the site. There was no way to verify this during the site visit. The depth to groundwater was verbally informed as 2.0m to 4.0m below existing ground level. Cell 1 was reported by site operators to be constructed in 2002/3 and completed in 2005/6. Reference should be made to available site survey drawings for detailed information. Site Inspection A site walkover was performed by ERM during the visit. It was noted during the


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visit that the surface water run off drainage ditches which lie immediately adjacent to the toe of the landfill cell were mostly blocked with silt and clay. Surface water and leachate were recorded in these drainage areas (Ref photo 43-45, 61, 62).

Photo 43

Photo 44


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Photo 45

Photo 61


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Photo 62 ERM were informed verbally that the leachate collection system installed at the base of the cell is ineffective. Therefore the leachate present in the perimeter drainage ditch is either leachate breakout through the side slopes, or an overtopping of the landfill leachate level seeping out at the toe of the landfill at the road level. This could mean that the base of the landfill in the lined excavation is saturated. Leachate was noted to be present in the perimeter toe drains. No signs of instability such as bulging side slopes. Equally no evidence of shallow surface slips. However slope angles vary between approximately 30 degrees and 40 degrees but there is little evidence of any failure. A review of the crest of the tiers where access allowed inspection, recorded that there was no sign of any tension cracks. No smouldering fires or historical fires were reported in this cell. No signs of leachate breakout were noted on the slopes of the landfill, but leachate was noted to issue at the toe of the slope in places. No attempt has been made to cap this cell, neither could it be determined if any of the other adjacent cells had been capped. Most cells are basically covered with local soil and left to vegetate naturally, although some aesthetic planting of small trees in placed in half oil drums is present on the berms of the cell.


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Historical Data ERM spoke with the site operator during the visit. No signs of slippage were recorded during the life of the landfill There were no reports of tension cracking observed along any of the crests of slopes. No signs of slope instability were reported. No fires were reported in cell 1. (all the above is based purely on discussion with site operators during the site visit)

SIGNED:

J Lynch

DISTRIBUTION:

Barid Manna, Lukman Hakim, JRL, File


Appendix B Groundwater Monitoring Results

Bekasi DD Report 14nov07 - Environmental sustainable solutions in a more competitive world World...

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