G24 Discussion Paper Series

7/21/2019 G24 Discussion Paper Series

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C-46 Fosmussonj Xkp`r ]`ro`s

T`s`krml pkp`rs inr tl` Ojt`rcnv`rjg`jtka Crnup ni Vw`jty-Inur

nj Ojt`rjktonjka Gnj`tkry Kiikors kjf F`v`anpg`jt

PJOV@F JKVONJ]

J`w _nre kjf C`j`vk, Gky 4889

PJOV@F JKVONJ] MNJI@T@JM@

NJ VTKF@ KJF F@Y@ANXG@JV

OJV@TCNY@TJG@JVKA

CTNPX NI VS@JV_-INPT


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Jnt`

]ygdnas ni Pjot`f Jktonjs fnmug`jts kr` mngpns`f ni mkpotka

a`tt`rs mngdoj`f wotl iocur`s. G`jtonj ni suml k sygdna ojfomkt`s k

rì`r`jm` tn k Pjot`f Jktonjs fnmug`jt.

*

* *

Vl` vo`ws `xpr`ss`f oj tlos ]`ro`s kr` tlns` ni tl` kutlnrs kjf

fn jnt j`m`sskroay rìa`mt tl` vo`ws ni tl` PJMVKF s`mr`tkrokt. Vl`

f`socjktonjs `gpany`f kjf tl` pr`s`jtktonj ni tl` gkt`roka fn jnt

ogpay tl` `xpr`ssonj ni kjy npojonj wlktsn`v`r nj tl` pkrt ni tl`

]`mr`tkrokt ni tl` Pjot`f Jktonjs mnjm`rjojc tl` a`cka stktus ni kjy

mnujtry, t`rrotnry, moty nr kr`k, nr ni ots kutlnroto`s, nr mnjm`rjojc tl`

fàogotktonj ni ots irnjto`rs nr dnujfkro`s.

*

* *

Gkt`roka oj tlos pudaomktonj gky d` ir`ày qunt`f5 kmejnwa-

`fc`g`jt, lnw`v`r, os r`qu`st`f (ojmaufojc rì`r`jm` tn tl` fnmug`jt

jugd`r). Ot wnuaf d` kppr`mokt`f oi k mnpy ni tl` pudaomktonj

mnjtkojojc tl` quntktonj w`r` s`jt tn tl` Xudaomktonjs Kssostkjt,

Fovosonj nj Candkaozktonj kjf F`vànpg`jt ]trkt`co`s, PJMVKF,

Xkakos f`s Jktonjs, ML-;4;; C`j`vk ;8.

PJOV@F JKVONJ] XPDAOMKVONJ

PJMVKF/CF]/GFXD/C46/4889/4

Mnpyroclt Pjot`f Jktonjs, 4889

Kaa roclts r`s`rv`f


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oooVl` Tna` ni tl` OGI oj F`dt T`strumturojcs2 A`jfojc Ojtn Krr`krs, Gnrka Lkzkrf kjf ]ustkojkdoaoty Mnjm`rjs

XT@IKM@

Vl` C-46 Fosmussonj Xkp`r ]`ro`s os k mnaa`mtonj ni r`s`krml pkp`rs pr`pkr`f

ujf`r tl` PJMVKF Xrnb`mt ni V`mljomka ]uppnrt tn tl` Ojt`rcnv`rjg`jtka Crnup ni

Vw`jty-Inur nj Ojt`rjktonjka Gnj`tkry Kiikors kjf F`vànpg`jt (C-46). Vl` C-46

wks `stkdaosl`f oj ;?3; wotl k vo`w tn ojmr`ksojc tl` kjkaytomka mkpkmoty kjf tl`j`cntoktojc str`jctl ni tl` f`vànpojc mnujtro`s oj fosmussonjs kjf j`cntoktonjs oj tl`

ojt`rjktonjka iojkjmoka ojstotutonjs. Vl` C-46 os tl` njay inrgka f`vànpojc-mnujtry

crnupojc wotloj tl` OGI kjf tl` Snraf Dkje. Ots g``tojcs kr` np`j tn kaa f`vànpojc

mnujtro`s.

Vl` C-46 Xrnb`mt, wloml os kfgojost`r`f dy PJMVKFs Fovosonj nj Candkaozktonj

kjf F`vànpg`jt ]trkt`co`s, kogs kt `jlkjmojc tl` ujf`rstkjfojc ni pnaomy gke`rs oj

f`vànpojc mnujtro`s ni tl` mngpa`x ossu`s oj tl` ojt`rjktonjka gnj`tkry kjf iojkjmoka

syst`g, kjf kt rkosojc kwkr`j`ss nutsof` f`vànpojc mnujtro`s ni tl` j``f tn ojtrnfum`

k f`vànpg`jt fog`jsonj ojtn tl` fosmussonj ni ojt`rjktonjka iojkjmoka kjf ojstotutonjka

rìnrg.

Vl` r`s`krml pkp`rs kr` fosmuss`f kgnjc xp`rts kjf pnaomy gke`rs kt tl` g``tojcs

ni tl` C-46 V`mljomka Crnup, kjf prnvof` ojputs tn tl` g``tojcs ni tl` C-46 Gojost`rs

kjf F`puto`s oj tlòr pr`pkrktonjs inr j`cntoktonjs kjf fosmussonjs oj tl` irkg`wnre ni

tl` OGIs Ojt`rjktonjka Gnj`tkry kjf Iojkjmoka Mnggott`` (inrg`ray Ojt`rog Mnggott``)

kjf tl` Bnojt OGI/ODTF F`vànpg`jt Mnggott``, ks wàa ks oj ntl`r inrugs.

Vl` Xrnb`mt ni V`mljomka ]uppnrt tn tl` C-46 r`mòv`s c`j`rnus iojkjmoka suppnrt

irng tl` Ojt`rjktonjka F`vànpg`jt T`s`krml M`jtr` ni Mkjkfk kjf mnjtrodutonjs irng

tl` mnujtro`s pkrtomopktojc oj tl` g``tojcs ni tl` C-46.


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VL@ TNA@ NI VL@ OGI OJ F@DV T@]VTPMVPTOJC]2

A@JFOJC OJVN KTT@KT], GNTKA LKRKTF KJF

]P]VKOJKDOAOV_ MNJM@TJ]

Aumon ]ogpsnj

M@F@] kjf Pjov`rsoty ni Du`jns Kor`s

C-46 Fosmussonj Xkp`r Jn. 68

Gky 4889


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vooVl` Tna` ni tl` OGI oj F`dt T`strumturojcs2 A`jfojc Ojtn Krr`krs, Gnrka Lkzkrf kjf ]ustkojkdoaoty Mnjm`rjs

Kdstrkmt

Oj r`m`jt y`krs tl` OGI lks gkf` ìinrts tn duoaf kj ogprnv`f mrosos pr`v`jtonj kjf

r`snautonj irkg`wnre tlkt gojogoz`s tl` soz` kjf ir`qu`jmy ni dkoanuts, akrcày nut ni

k mnjm`rj wotl tl` pnssoda` gnrka lkzkrf mnjs`qu`jm`s ni ots ojt`rv`jtonjs. Vlos

irkg`wnre, lnw`v`r, wloml ojmauf`s kj `gplksos nj cr`kt`r provkt` s`mtnr ojvnav`g`jt,

tl` jmnurkc`g`jt ni tl` us` ni mnaa`mtov` kmtonj makus`s kjf k gnr` ii`mtov` jinrm`g`jt

ni kmm`ss aogots tn OGI a`jfojc lks jnt c`j`rkt`f kj nds`rvkda` mlkjc` oj prkmtom`.

Vl` ojstotutonj gky d` tryojc tn kmlo`v` kj kagnst ogpnssoda` ndb`mtov`2 ogpnsojc gnr`

strojc`jt mrot`rok tn mnjstrkoj ots ojt`rv`jtonj mkpkmoty wotlnut r`mncjozojc tlkt suml kj

kpprnkml os uatogktày ojmnjsost`jt wotl tl` OGIs ojtrojsomkaay pnaotomka jktur`. Vlos os

ma`kray `vof`jm`f oj tl` mks`s ni mnujtro`s tlkt lkv` tn r`strumtur` tlòr f`dts. Vl`

ikoaur` ni tl` ]FTG prnb`mt rìa`mt`f, kgnjc ntl`r ikmtnrs, tl` pr`vkoaojc vo`w oj tl`

Pjot`f ]tkt`s kfgojostrktonj tlkt gkre`t inrm`s slnuaf d` rào`f nj tn iojf kj snautonj

oj tl`s` sotuktonjs kagnst nj tlòr nwj. Dut tlos lks oj prkmtom` g`kjt tlkt tl` OGI

ràojquosl`s ots pnt`jtoka mnjtrodutonj tn ogprnvojc tl` r`suat ni snv`ròcj f`dt

r`strumturojcs. Oj ikmt, tl` OGI lks ir`qu`jtay `x`rt`f pr`ssur` nj tl` f`dtnr kjf otsvo`ws lkv` nit`j d``j doks`f oj ikvnur ni tl` mr`fotnrs ojt`r sts. Oj pkrtomuakr, ots a`jfojc

ojtn krr`krs pnaomy (AOK) lks d``j us`f ks k g`kjs tn ojfum` f`dtnr cnv`rjg`jts tn

kmmnggnfkt` tn tl`s` ojt`r`sts. Dut dy prnvofojc iojkjmojc tn tl` f`dtnr tlrnucl ots

AOK pnaomy tl` Iujf mnuaf pnt`jtokaay paky k pnsotov` rna` oj r`fumojc tl` ckp d`tw``j

tl` mr`fotnrs r`s`rvktonj prom` kjf tl` mnujtrys r`pkyg`jt mkpkmoty wloa`, kt tl`

skg` tog`, gkeojc sur` tlkt tl` f`dt durf`j d`mng`s sustkojkda`. Oj tlos wky, dntl

f`dtnr mnujtro`s kjf ots mr`fotnrs wnuaf d` d`tt`r nii. Lnw`v`r, tl` Iujf slnuaf jnt

suppnrt gkre`t-iro`jfay snv`ròcj f`dt r`strumturojcs tlkt kr` ojmngpktoda` wotl

sustkojkda` f`dt pktls kjf gky r`pr`s`jt k cr`kt`r rose inr ots r`snurm`s tlkj gnr`

mn`rmov` kat`rjktov`s. Ojf``f, tl` pkrkfnx os tlkt ojv`stnr iro`jfay f`dt r`strumturojcs

r`pr`s`jt quot` tl` nppnsot` ni k gkre`t nutmng`2 tl`y r`quor` kmtov` kjf nit`j gkssovÒGI ojt`rv`jtonjs kjf tl` a`và ni tl` r`suatojc lkormut os sud-nptogkaay anw.


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oxVl` Tna` ni tl` OGI oj F`dt T`strumturojcs2 A`jfojc Ojtn Krr`krs, Gnrka Lkzkrf kjf ]ustkojkdoaoty Mnjm`rjs

Vkda` ni mnjt`jts

Xkc`

Xr`ikm` ............................................................................................................................................ ooo

Kdstrkmt ........................................................................................................................................... voo

Ojtrnfumtonj .............................................................................................................................. ;

O. Vl` ]FTG prnb`mt jndnfy aoe`f ............................................................................................ =

OO. Vl` ]FTG kjf tl` gkre`ts anv` inr MKMs ........................................................................ 3

OOO. A`jfojc ojtn krr krs pnaomy2 ots prn-mr fotnr doks kjf ojmnjsost`jt ogpa`g`jtktonj ....... ?

OY. Vl` `vnautonj ni AOK pnaomy nv`r tog` ................................................................................. ;8

Y. AOK pnaomy oj prkmtom` ............................................................................................................ ;9

YO. AOK pnaomy kjf gnrka lkzkrf ................................................................................................ 48

YOO. Vl` Iujfs rna` oj f`dt r`strumturojcs oj twn r`m`jt mks`s............................................... 48

Mnjmausonjs ............................................................................................................................. 44

Jnt`s ........................................................................................................................................... 4=

T`i`r`jm`s ........................................................................................................................................... 40


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Ojtrnfumtonj

J`cntoktonjs d`tw``j mr`fotnrs kjf k snv`ròcjf`dtnr mkj d`mng` k anjc-frkwj-nut kjf mnstay prnm-`ss tlkt fàkys tl` r`mnv`ry ni tl` f`dtnr mnujtry

wotlnut c`j`rktojc kjy mngp`jsktojc kfvkjtkcìnr tl` lnaf`rs ni tl` fìkuat`f makogs. Vlos suc-c`sts tl`r` os k pnt`jtoka mnjstrumtov` rna` tlkt mnuafd` paky`f dy tl` OGI oj dntl pr`- kjf pnst-fìkuatsotuktonjs, dy puslojc inr kj nrf`ray r`strumturojcprnm`ss wloml ktt`gpts tn stroe` k dkakjm` d`tw``jtl` roclts ni mr`fotnrs kjf f`dtnr kt tl` skg` tog`tlkt ot gotockt`s tl` mnaa`mtov` kmtonj prnda`g. Vl`sn-mkaa`f stktutnry kpprnkml tn f`dt r`strumturojcs,wloml wks rìa`mt`f oj tl` f`vànpg`jt ni tl` ]nv-`ròcj F`dt T`strumturojc G`mlkjosg (]FTG),

goclt lkv` d`mng` nj` ni tl` poaakrs ni kj ogprnv`fmrosos r`snautonj irkg`wnre. Lnw`v`r, tlos kp-prnkml ikm`f strnjc nppnsotonj kjf mnuaf jnt d` putojtn ii`mt, tlnucl tl` tlr`kt ni ots pnssoda` ogpa`-g`jtktonj lks prndkday `x`rt`f pr`ssur` nj gkre`t

pkrtomopkjts tn kfnpt mnaa`mtov` kmtonj makus`s (MKMs),

oj wlkt lks d``j akdàa`f tl` mnjtrkmtuka kpprnkmltn f`dt r`strumturojcs.

Kgnjc tl` ojt`r`st crnups nppns`f tn tl`

]FTG wks jnt njay tl` ojv`stnr mnggujoty, wlns`nppnsotonj mnuaf r`ksnjkday d` `xp`mt`f, dut kasntl` v`ry goffa`-ojmng` mnujtro`s tlkt w`r` suppns`ftn `v`jtukaay d` kda` tn d`jìot irng ot. F`dtnrsmnujtro`s ràumtkjm` tn suppnrt tl` ]FTG slnuafjnt d` surprosojc sojm`, oj tl` OGIs vo`w, tl` ]FTGwks kj ojstrug`jt tlkt wnuaf gke` ot pnssoda` tnpr`mopotkt` `krao`r fìkuats oj tlns` mks`s wl`r` tl`f`dt wks f``g`f tn d` ujsustkojkda`, wotl tl` kogni r`fumojc tl` ir`qu`jmy kjf smka` ni dkoanuts kjfktt`juktojc gnrka lkzkrf. Vlos mnjsof`rkday f`-

mr`ks`f tl` ojm`jtov`s ni f`dtnr mnujtro`s tn suppnrttl` OGI dut, gnr` iujfkg`jtkaay, rìa`mt`f tl` kfnp-tonj dy tl` Iujf ni kj kpprnkml tlkt, ujf`r tl` cuos`ni gkre`t-iro`jfay rl`tnrom, os dntl sudnptogka kjfojmnjsost`jtay kppao`f.

VL@ TNA@ NI VL@ OGI OJ F@DV T@]VTPMVPTOJC]2

A@JFOJC OJVN KTT@KT], GNTKA LKRKTF

KJF ]P]VKOJKDOAOV_ MNJM@TJ]

Aumon ]ogpsnj*

* Vlos wnre wks mkrro f nut ujf`r tl PJMVKF Xrnb mt ni V`mljomka Kssostkjm` tn tl` Ojt rcnv rjg`jtka Crnup ni Vw`jty-Inur nj Ojt`rjktonjka Gnj`tkry Kiikors kjf F`vànpg`jt wotl tl` kof ni k crkjt irng tl` Ojt`rjktonjka F`vànpg`jt T`s`krmlM`jtr` ni Mkjkfk.


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4 C-46 Fosmussonj Xkp`r ]`ro`s, Jn. 68

Vlos kpprnkml os rìa`mt`f oj tl` sn-mkaa`firkg`wnre inr mrosos pr`v`jtonj kjf r`snautonj, tl`jkg` cov`j dy tl` OGI tn tl` s`t ni pnaomo`s, ojstru-g`jts kjf mrot`rok tlkt `stkdaosl tl` rua`s ni tl`

ckg` oj tl` mks`s ni snv`ròcj mros`s, kjf wlomlojmauf`s kj `gplksos nj cr`kt`r provkt` s`mtnr oj-vnav`g`jt (X]O), tl` `jmnurkc`g`jt ni tl` us` niMKMs kjf k gnr` strojc`jt `jinrm`g`jt ni kmm`ssaogots tn OGI a`jfojc. Ks nrocojkaay `jvoskc`f otwnuaf lkv` ndvonusay ojmauf`f tl` ]FTG, oi ot lkfd``j put ojtn ìi`mt. Dut, ks w` ejnw, tlos fof jntlkpp`j. Nj tl` mnjtrkry, tl` OGI mnjtoju`f wotl otsgkre`t-iro`jfay kpprnkml kjf ogpa`g`jt`f mlkjc`soj ots a`jfojc ojtn krr`krs (AOK) pnaomy wloml woaaogpns` cr`kt`r mnsts nj dntl a`jf`rs kjf snv`ròcjf`dtnrs.

Oi gojogozojc gnrka lkzkrf os mnjsof`r`f tn d`tl` pr``goj`jt ndb`mtov`, k pur` gkre`t-dks`f nrakoss`z ikor` kpprnkml mnuaf ojf``f d` prì`rkda` tnntl`r kat`rjktov`s, kjf tl` Iujf slnuaf kfnpt k stromtlkjfs-nii stkjm`. Lnw`v`r, tl` `gporomka `vof`jm`slnws tlkt tl` rà`vkjm` ni gnrka lkzkrf lks d``j`xkcc`rkt`f dut, r`ckrfa`ss ni tlos ikmt, tl` OGI lksjnt d``j fnojc wlkt ot pr`kml`s. Ot lks d``j ojmnj-sost`jt oj ots nwj t`rgs dy ir`qu`jtay ojt`rv`jojc ojtl` j`cntoktonjs d`tw``j mr`fotnrs kjf tl` f`dtnr

mnujtry, nit`j c`j`rktojc nutmng`s tlkt kr` ikrirng dòjc tl` jkturka r`suat ni tl` ir`` np`rktonj nigkre`t inrm`s, kjf wloml gky lkv` k f`trog`jtkaogpkmt nj tl` f`dtnrs anjc-t`rg mnjngom prnsp`mts.

Ots pkrtomopktonj oj pnst-fìkuat r`strumturojcs,oj pkrtomuakr, lks jnt d``j mnjioj`f tn iuaioaaojc tl`rna` ni `xp`rt, vok tl` suppay ni ojinrgktonj kjfkjkays`s. Nj tl` mnjtrkry, tlrnucl ots rna` ks gnjo-tnr, tl` OGI lks ir`qu`jtay `x`rt`f pr`ssur` nj tl`f`dtnr kjf ots vo`ws lkv` c`j`rkaay d``j doks`f oj

ikvnur ni tl` mr`fotnrs ojt`r`sts. Oj pkrtomuakr, otsa`jfojc ojtn krr`krs pnaomy (AOK) lks d``j us`f ks kg`kjs tn ojfum` f`dtnr cnv`rjg`jts tn kmmnggn-fkt` tn tl`s` ojt`r`sts. Vlos os sng`wlkt mnjtrkfom-tnry, oj turj, wotl tl` kmkf`gom mnjs`jsus nj tl`locl`r pr`vka`jm` ni mr`fotnr (ks nppns`f tn f`dtnr)gnrka lkzkrf oj tl` murr`jt ojt`rjktonjka iojkjmokakrmlot`mtur`.

Oj ìi`mt, kj ogpnrtkjt ossu` os tl` `xt`jt tnwloml gkre`t-iro`jfay snv`ròcj f`dt r`strumtur-ojcs kr` mngpktoda` wotl sustkojkda` f`dt pktls. Vl`kpprnkml us`f dy tl` OGI tn kss`ss f`dt sustkoj-kdoaoty, f`spot` sng` ogprnv`g`jts oj r`m`jt y`krs,

os jnt rndust jnucl kjf gky ujf`r`stogkt` tl` rosesikm`f dy f`dtnr mnujtro`s, pkrtomuakray wl`j kfv`rs`slnmes kr` pnsotovày mnrràkt`f kjf p`rsost`jt, kslks nit`j d``j tl` `xp`ro`jm` oj f`vànpojc mnuj-

tro`s. Gnr`nv`r, tl` OGI lks slnwj k syst`gktomt`jf`jmy tn d` nv`rnptogostom oj ots f`dt sustkoj-kdoaoty kss`ssg`jts. Oi sustkojkdoaoty os jnt r`ksnj-kday kssur`f, tl`r` os k rose tlkt gkre`t-iro`jfayr`strumturojcs gky jnt ikmoaotkt` tl` mnujtrys km-m`ss tn ojt`rjktonjka mkpotka gkre`ts oj tl` g`foug-kjf anjc-t`rg, v`j oi tl`y kr` ojotokaay cr``t`f wotlkpprnvka dy tl` ojv`stnr mnggujoty.

Vl`r` os ojf``f kj oj`smkpkda` trkf`-nii d`-tw``j ojv`stnr-iro`jfaoj`ss kjf f`dt sustkojkdoaoty.Dut dy prnvofojc iojkjmojc tn tl` f`dtnr tlrnucl otsAOK pnaomy tl` Iujf mnuaf paky k pnsotov` rna` ojr`fumojc tl` ckp d`tw``j tl` mr`fotnrs r`s`rvktonjprom` kjf tl` mnujtrys r`pkyg`jt mkpkmoty, tlusc`j`rktojc k Xkr`tn ogprnv`g`jt tlkt a`kv`s dntlf`dtnr kjf mr`fotnrs d`tt`r nii. Ojst`kf, ot s``gs tnd` pakmojc tnn guml `gplksos nj kjmoaakry dutakrcày usà`ss mrot`rok, suml ks tl` snv`ròcjs mng-paokjm` wotl tl` cnnf ikotl mrot`ronj.

Vlos pkp`r woaa fosmuss tl` rna` tlkt tl` OGIpakys oj snv`ròcj f`dt r`strumturojcs kjf ots vo`ws

r`ckrfojc tl` vkronus mngpnj`jts ni tl` irkg`wnreinr mrosos pr`v`jtonj kjf r`snautonj, wotl k sp`moka`gplksos nj AOK pnaomy kjf tl` ossu` ni f`dtsustkojkdoaoty. D`mkus` tl` ]FTG wks nrocojkaayojt`jf`f tn d` nj` ni tl` poaakrs ni suml irkg`wnrekjf d`mkus` ni tl` mnjs`qu`jm`s ni tl` f`dkt` otc`j`rkt`f, tl` iorst s`mtonj xkgoj`s tl` r`ksnjs tlkt`xpakoj tl` ikoaur` ni tl` ]FTG prnb`mt tn gke`prncr`ss. Vl` s`mnjf s`mtonj mngg`jts nj tl` r`-m`jt wof`spr`kf kfnptonj ni MKMs, tn k akrc` xt`jtks k r`suat ni tl` tlr`kt pns`f dy tl` pnssoda` og-

pa`g`jtktonj ni tl` ]FTG. ]`mtonjs tlr`` tn sox f`kawotl AOK pnaomy. Vl`y `xpakoj tl` ndb`mtov`s kjfogpaomktonjs ni AOK pnaomy ks wàa ks ots `vnautonjnv`r tog`, fosmussojc tl` suotkdoaoty ni tl` mrot`roktlkt r`cuakt` ots ogpa`g`jtktonj, lnw tl` pnaomy lksd``j kppao`f oj prkmtom` kjf tl` rà`vkjm` ni tl`gnrka lkzkrf prnda`gs tlkt ot goclt c`j`rkt`. Oj s`m-tonj s`v`j, kjf kckojst tl` dkmecrnujf ni tl`trkf`-nii d`tw``j ojv`stnr-iro`jfaoj`ss kjf f`dtsustkojkdoaoty, tl` pnt`jtoka pnsotov` rna` tlkt tl` OGImnuaf paky oj f`dt r`strumturojcs os fosmuss`f kjf osmnjtrkst`f wotl tl` Iujfs ikoa`f `xp`ro`jm` oj Kr-c`jtojk kjf ots dkoanut ni Prucuky, wloml wks ma`krayojmnjsost`jt wotl ots nwj rua`s.;


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=Vl` Tna` ni tl` OGI oj F`dt T`strumturojcs2 A`jfojc Ojtn Krr`krs, Gnrka Lkzkrf kjf ]ustkojkdoaoty Mnjm`rjs

O. Vl` ]FTG prnb mt jndnfy aoe`f

Vl` mormugstkjm`s mnuaf jnt lkv` d``j gnr`

prnpotonus wl`j tl` OGI stkrt`f ots wnre nj tl`]FTG oj akt` 488;. Vl` of`k ni aogotojc dkoanutskjf `jinrmojc kmm`ss aogots lkf d``j cktl`rojcstr`jctl sojm` G`xomns ;??0 r`smu` pkmekc` duttlos j`w pnaomy nro`jtktonj r`quor`f tlkt snv`ròcjf`dtnrs fn jnt pnstpnj` `jt`rojc ojtn r`strumturojcj`cntoktonjs ujtoa ot wks tnn akt`, oj k f`sp`rkt` ì-inrt tn ckgda` inr r`surr`mtonj. Vl` f`dtnrsmnujtro`s ràumtkjm` tn r`strumtur` `kray wks ujf`r-stkjfkda`, tlnucl, cov`j tlkt tl` crnwojc fov`rsotyni tl` mr`fotnr dks` kjf tl` vkro`ty ni tl` f`dt oj-strug`jts ojvnav`f s``g`f tn pns` k mlkaa`jc` tntl` ndb`mtov` ni kmlo`vojc k rkpof kcr``g`jt d`tw``jtl` pkrto`s kt k r`ksnjkda` mnst.4Niiomoka ktt`gpts tnogprnv` tl` t`mljnancy us`f inr r`strumturojcsnv`ròcj f`dts lkf ikoa`f, d`cojjojc wotl tl` `j-mnurkc`g`jt ni tl` kfnptonj ni MKMs dy tl` T`yT`pnrt (Crnup ni V`j, ;??9), sn tl`r` wks sng` irus-

trktonj kdnut tl` akme ni spnjtkj`nus prncr`ss nigkre`t-dks`f snautonjs. Kt tl` skg` tog`, tl`r` wksk crnwojc mnjs`jsus kdnut tl` j``f inr k g`mlk-josg tlkt mnuaf f`ka ìi`mtovày wotl tl` mnaa`mtov`kmtonj kjf mr`fotnr mnnrfojktonj prnda`gs tlkt tl`

pr`fngojkjm` ni dnjf`f f`dt `xkm`rdkt`f. Oj kffo-tonj, tl` fosgka ikoaur` ni tl` OGIs pnaomy ojKrc`jtojk, kjf tl` mnujtrys oggoj`jt fìkuat, wkskj stoguaus inr wnre nj tl` ]FTG sojm`, oj tl` vo`wni gkjy, tl` mngpa`xoty ni tl` mks` mkaa`f inr pr`-mosày tl` snrt ni strumtur`f r`strumturojc prnm`ss tlkttl` `jvoskc`f ]FTG mnuaf prnvof`, ojst`kf ni kgnr` mlkntom f`m`jtrkaoz`f irkg`wnre.

Lnw`v`r, tlnucl tl` mnjfotonjs w`r` s``g-ojcay ikvnurkda` inr tl` dortl ni tl` ]FTG, tl`

ojotoktov` lkf tn nv`rmng` f``pay `jtr`jml`f vo`wskckojst ot, ojmaufojc tl` Pjot`f ]tkt`s Cnv`rjg`jtstrkfotonjka nppnsotonj tn sml`g`s wloml mnuaf aogotmr`fotnrs roclts oj tl` ojt`rjktonjka spl`r`.=Vl`Pjot`f ]tkt`s Vr`ksury lkf j`v`r d``j oj ikvnur nikj ojt`rjktonjka dkjeruptmy mnurt, gkojay dks`f njtl` krcug`jt tlkt ot wnuaf `jmnurkc` fìkuat. ]n otos ujaoeày tlkt tl` OGI wnuaf lkv` `gdkre`f njtl` f`vànpg`jt ni ots ]FTG prnpnska w`r` ot jntinr tl` droì wojfnw ni nppnrtujoty prnvof`f dyXkua NJòaas p`ronf kt tl` làg ni tl` Pjot`f ]tkt`sVr`ksury. Oj tlos r`ckrf, tl` kdkjfnjg`jt ni tl`]FTG prnb`mt kt tl` ]projc 488= g``tojc ni tlÒjt`rjktonjka Gnj`tkry kjf Iojkjmoka Mnggott``

(OGIM) os jnt surprosojc, d`mkus` tl` kmtuka ogpa`-g`jtktonj ni tl` sml`g` wks irng tl` stkrt kj `v`jtwotl k v`ry anw prndkdoaoty ni nmmurr`jm`. Lnw`v`r,kit`r NJòaa ckv` tl` ojotoka ogpuas`, tl` OGIs

gkmloj`ry wks s`t oj gntonj, kjf k prnpnska wksfrkit`f kjywky, ujf`r tl` jtlusokstom a`kf`rslop niKjj` Eru`c`r.

NJòaa fof jnt r`pr`s`jt Skaa ]tr``ts ojt`r-`sts kjf vo`ws, kjf tlos gky xpakoj wly l` skw tlòf`k ni kj ]FTG wotl a`ss pr`bufom` tlkj ntl`rg`gd`rs oj tl` kfgojostrktonj. L` wks kckojstdkoanuts kjf skw kj nrf`ray dkjeruptmy prnm`fur`ks tl` ndvonus kat`rjktov` tn tl`g.6Dut tl` ojstotu-tonj l` suppns`fay mnggkjf`f wnuaf jnt wnre njtl` prnb`mt. Vl` Pjot`f ]tkt`s F`pkrtg`jt ni Vr`ks-ury wnuaf j`v`r ossu` kj niiomoka pnaomy stkt`g`jtnr kj niiomoka fnmug`jt nutaojojc k prnpnska inr tl`]FTG kjf tl` Vr`ksurys Pjf`rs`mr`tkry inr Ojt`r-jktonjka Kiikors, Bnlj Vkyanr, pudaomay nppns`f tlòjotoktov`. Ojst`kf, l` ikvnur`f k gkre`t-dks`fkpprnkml mnjsostojc oj stoguaktojc tl` wof`spr`kfojmausonj ni mnaa`mtov` kmtonj makus`s oj dnjf mnj-trkmts, ks kj kat`rjktov` tn tl` mnjtrkmtuka kpprnkmlr`pr`s`jt`f dy tl` ]FTG. Vl` t`rgojnancy os m`r-tkojay gosa`kfojc kjf annes aoe` k gkre`tojc f`vom`,d`mkus` tl` iujmtonjojc ni gnf`rj mkpotka gkre`ts

ndvonusay f`p`jfs nj tl` a`cka ojirkstrumtur`, wlomlos k pudaom cnnf tlkt ojmr`ks`s nv`rkaa `mnjngom ì-iomo`jmy. ]n tl` mnrr`mt akdà slnuaf prndkday lkv`d``j ojv`stnr-iro`jfay, sojm` tl` kpprnkml ik-vnur`f dy Vkyanr, wln fof jnt dào`v` oj rkfomkarìnrgs oj tl` ojt`rjktonjka iojkjmoka krmlot`mtur`,wks tl` nj` prì`rr`f dy tl` iojkjmoka mnggujoty.

NJòaa wnuaf lkv` kmejnwa`fc`f fì`kt oi l`lkf mkjmàa`f kaa wnre nj tl` tnpom, sn l` put inr-wkrf tl` sn-mkaa`f twn-trkme kpprnkml, ujf`r wloml

dntl kat`rjktov`s wnuaf mn`xost inr sng` tog`, kjfwloml wks gnr` pkaktkda` inr tl` Cnv`rjg`jt nitl` Pjot`f ]tkt`s. Kmmnrfojc tn NJòaa, tl` mnj-trkmtuka kpprnkml wnuaf d` tl` iorst tn d` ogpa`-g`jt`f kjf tl` ]FTG wnuaf d`mng` k mngpa`g`jttn tl` inrg`r oj tl` anjc t`rg2

... Vl` OGI woaa mnjtoju` tn f`vànp k pakjinr tl` niiomoka s`mtnr kpprnkml, wloml woaa tke`sng` tog` d`mkus` ni tl` OGI rua`s. O woaa d``jmnurkcojc tl`g `v`ry st`p ni tl` wky. Dutw` woaa kasn d`coj tn ogpa`g`jt tl` gkre`t-

nro`jt`f, f`m`jtrkaoz`f ksp`mt ni tl` pakj rocltkwky, tn mkpotkaoz` nj tl` mnjs`jsus kgnjctl` C-3 jktonjs. Mr`fotnrs kjf dnrrnw`rs mkj


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d`coj ogg`foktày tn ojmnrpnrkt` mnjtojc`jtmakus`s ojtn tlòr snv`ròcj f`dt mnjtrkmts,suml ks k gkbnroty kmtonj makus`, kj `jckc`-g`jt makus`, kjf kj ojotoktonj makus`.0

Dut oj `ss`jm`, tl` ]FTG prnb`mt wks kar`kfyf`kf. Slkt `xpakojs tl` akme ni prncr`ss tnwkrfstl` ogpa`g`jtktonj ni tl` ]FTG> Sly wks ot jntpnssoda` tn ckrj`r `jnucl suppnrt inr ot> Kit`r kaa,tl` ]FTGs ndb`mtov` (Eru`c`r, 4884) os tn gke`pnssoda` kj nrf`ray, pr`fomtkda` kjf rkpof r`strum-turojc ni ujsustkojkda` snv`ròcj f`dt, sng`tlojctlkt mkj lkrfay d` r`b`mt`f dy kjy ni tl` pkrto`s ki-i`mt`f dy k snv`ròcj f`dt mrosos. Oi tlns` ndb`mtov`sw`r` kmlo`vkda` tl`y wnuaf kaa d` d`tt`r nii, sojm`tl` ]FTG wnuaf gke` ot pnssoda` tn c`t mans`r tn

kj nptogka dkakjm` d`tw``j `x-kjt` kjf `x-pnstìiomo`jmy, dy ojmr`ksojc tl` aktt`r kt tl` `xp`js` nik prndkday gnf`st r`fumtonj oj tl` inrg`r.

Vl` Pjot`f ]tkt`s pnsotonj kanj` fn`s jnt `x-pakoj tl` stkcjktonj ni tl` ]FTG prnb`mt, wloml lkftl` ogpnrtkjt suppnrt ni tl` @urnp`kj mnujtro`sr`pr`s`jtktov`s oj tl` OGIs @x`mutov` Dnkrf. Ot ostru` tlkt NJòaas akme ni dkmeojc ojsof` tl` Pjot`f]tkt`s Cnv`rjg`jt, wloml wks `vof`jt irng tl` d`-cojjojc, wnuaf f`prov` tl` ]FTG ni kjy s`ronusmlkjm`s ni dòjc ogpa`g`jt`f. Lnw`v`r, tl` kdkj-

fnjg`jt ni tl` ]FTG prnb`mt wks jnt njay tl` r`suatni nppnsotonj dy tl` Pjot`f ]tkt`s Cnv`rjg`jt.J`kray kaa tl` kmtnrs wlns` ojt`r`sts wnuaf lkv`d``j for`mtay kii`mt`f dy tl` ]FTG nppns`f otsogpa`g`jtktonj, oj sng` mks`s d`mkus` tl`y fosaoe`fsp`moiom a`g`jts ni tl` prnpnska, dut tl`r` wks kasngnr` iujfkg`jtka nppnsotonj tn tl` v`ry mnjm`pt nikj ojt`rjktonjka dkjeruptmy mnurt kjf tl` dàoì tlkttl`r` wks jn j``f inr ot.

Ojv`stnrs kjf ujf`rwrot`rs ni snv`ròcj dnjfs,

pkrtomuakray oj tl` Pjot`f ]tkt`s, w`r` tl` gnst voc-nrnus nppnj`jts tn tl` ]FTG, krcuojc tlkt ot wnuaf`jmnurkc` fìkuat, tlnucl tl`y wnuaf jnt cn ks ikrks tn kmejnwa`fc` tlkt tlòr ojt`r`sts w`r` gumld`tt`r s`rv`f dy OGI dkoanuts.9Dnrrnwojc mnujtro`s,oj pkrtomuakr tl` gkbnr Aktoj Kg`romkj jktonjs wotltl` `xm`ptonj ni Krc`jtojk (inr ndvonus r`ksnjs),wnrro`f tlkt tl` ]FTG wnuaf j`cktovày kii`mt tlòrkdoaoty tn ossu` f`dt oj tl` ojt`rjktonjka mkpotka gkr-e`ts, d`mkus` ot wnuaf a`kf tn kj ojmr`ks` oj tl` rosepr`gok inr `g`rcojc gkre`t ossu`rs. @v`j gnr` og-pnrtkjtay, tl`y i`kr`f tlkt tl` ogpa`g`jtktonj ni tl`]FTG goclt d` kmmngpkjo`f dy k r`fumtonj oj tlòrkmm`ss tn OGIs r`smu` pkmekc`s. Oj tlòr vo`w,tl` pnt`jtoka d`jìots ni tl` ]FTG, pkrtomuakray ots

w`ke a`ckaprnt`mtonj ni f`dtnrs roclts,3mnuaf jntgke` up inr tl` anss ni `g`rc`jmy kmm`ss tn guato-akt`rka iojkjmojc. Iojkaay, f`dtnr mnujtro`s w`r` kasnràumtkjt tn cov` up tlòr snv`ròcjty oj gktt`rs aoe`

tl` a`cka tr`ktg`jt ni f`dt ossu`f ujf`r tlòr fn-g`stom akws kjf tl` a`cka pnw`rs tlkt tl` Fosput`T`snautonj Inrug (FTI) wnuaf lkv` tn ogpns` kstky. Mnuaf k t`mljnancy trkjsi`rr`f irngtl` quot` foii`r`jt mnrpnrkt` mnjt`xt d` summ`ssiuaaykppao`f oj tl` snv`ròcj mnjt`xt> Mnuaf tl` OGI pakysoguatkj`nusay tl` rna` ni bufc`, ugpor`, a`cosaktnr(ot wks tl` sna` ]FTG f`socj`r) kjf mr`fotnr> Fofot jnt lkv` ndvonus mnjiaomts ni ojt`r`st> Oi tl` ]FTGmkjjnt sktosikmtnroay r`paomkt` tl` i`ktur`s ni mnrpn-rkt` dkjeruptmy akw, wly wnuaf kjy pkrty kmm`pt ot


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0Vl` Tna` ni tl` OGI oj F`dt T`strumturojcs2 A`jfojc Ojtn Krr`krs, Gnrka Lkzkrf kjf ]ustkojkdoaoty Mnjm`rjs

oj xmlkjc` inr gnr` tkjcoda` a`cka roclts nr f` ikmtnmkpkmoto`s>

Ojf``f, tl` ojtàa`mtuka dktta` d`tw``j tl`

nppnsojc pnsotonjs oj tl` ]FTG f`dkt` wks inucltkanjc tl` aoj`s gkre`f dy tl` ujoqu` mlkrkmt`rostomsni tl` snv`ròcj mnjt`xt vos--vos tl` mnrpnrkt` mnj-t`xt.

Ks os wàa ejnwj, tl` ]FTG annsày r`s`g-da`s tl` m`jtrkaoz`f gnfà oj Mlkpt`r ;; ni tl`Pjot`f ]tkt`s Dkjeruptmy Mnf`. Vl` m`jtrka kog nitl` ]FTG os tlus tn r`snav` tl` prnda`g ni ojt`r-mr`fotnr `quoty kjf tl` a`cka mlkaa`jc`s pns`f dylnafnuts (wloml mkj fosrupt j`cntoktonjs) wloa`gnf`rktojc, kt tl` skg` tog`, tl` j`cktov` ogpkmttlkt tl` g`mlkjosg gky lkv` nj mr`fotnrs mnjtrkm-tuka roclts. Vl`r` kr` inur mrumoka i`ktur`s tlkt tl`]FTG dnrrnw`f irng tl` dkjeruptmy mnf`,tlnucl tlòr smnp`, j``f, kjf tl` pnssodoaoty ni `j-inrmojc tlòr kppaomktonj kr` jnt mngpkrkda` oj tl`snv`ròcj mnjt`xt2;4

K stky nj mr`fotnr aotocktonj, wloml prnt`mts tl`f`dtnr kjf kffr`ss`s tl` mnaa`mtov` kmtonj prnd-a`g kgnjc mr`fotnrs.

K vnt` dy k qukaoio`f gkbnroty nj k r`strumtur-ojc pakj tlkt dojfs kaa mr`fotnrs.

Vl` r`nrckjozktonj pakj mkj cov` s`jonroty tnj`w iojkjmojc (tlos os tl` sn-mkaa`f f`dtnr-oj-pnss`ssonj iojkjmojc nr FOX).

Vl` f`dtnr os a`ckaay pr`v`jt`f irng `jt`rojcojtn trkjskmtonjs tlkt wnuaf d` lkrgiua tn mr`fo-tnrs ojt`r`sts.

Vl` OGI akrcày mnjm`jtrkt`f nj gkeojc tlìorst ni tl` kdnv` i`ktur`s ìi`mtov` oj tl` ]FTG,kjf snuclt inr kj kf`qukt` sml`g` tlkt mnuaf oj-mr`ks` tl` a`v`rkc` ni mr`fotnrs ks k crnup nv`rojfovofuka mr`fotnrs, sn tlkt tl` rose irng lnafnutswnuaf d` gojogoz`f. OGI stkii dào`v`f tlkt tl`ntl`r i`ktur`s ni kj usuka (fng`stom) dkjeruptmyirkg`wnre w`r` a`ss rà`vkjt oj tl` snv`ròcj mnj-t`xt.;=Dut gogomeojc tl` gkbnroty vntojc g`mlkjosgtlkt `xosts oj tl` mnrpnrkt` mnjt`xt os foiiomuat, kjfogpao`f k trkf`-nii d`tw``j kssurojc tlkt tl` mnv`r-kc` ni f`dts wks mngpr`l`jsov` kjf e``pojc tl`mngpa`xoty ni tl` ]FTG wotloj r`ksnjkda` dnujfs.D`sof`s, ojmr`ksojc tl` f`cr`` ni mnv`rkc` nit`jogpao`f r`stromtojc tl` f`dtnrs snv`ròcjty.

Vlos wks `sp`mokaay rà`vkjt r`ckrfojc tl` tr`kt-g`jt ni fng`stom f`dt. Vl` kat`rjktov` ni puttojc otwotloj tl` smnp` ni tl` ]FTG, dut ks k s`pkrkt` makss,wks r`b`mt`f pkrtay nut ni mnjm`rjs tlkt ot wnuaf lkv`

d``j mnjsof`r`f tnn ojtrusov` kjf wnuaf lkv` c`j-`rkt`f strnjc nppnsotonj. Jn cnv`rjg`jt nr fng`stoma`cosaktur` wnuaf d` woaaojc tn kfnpt tl` ]FTG oi ot

mnuaf d` us`f tn r`strumtur` fng`stom f`dts. Ks Lkckj

(4880) lks r`gkre`f2

K jugd`r ni mnujtro`s mnuaf jnt kmm`pt tl`pnssodoaoty tlkt f`dt ossu`f wotloj tlòr nwjt`rrotnro`s kjf sudb`mt tn tlòr nwj akws mnuafd` r`strumtur`f ujf`r k a`cka irkg`wnre tlktwnuaf d` kfgojost`r`f dy kj ojt`rjktonjka fos-put` r`snautonj dnfy. @v`j kgnjc gktur`gkre`t mnujtro`s - wln w`r` v`ry ujaoeày tn

kvkoa tl`gsàv`s ni tl` ]FTG tn r`strumtur`tlòr f`dt - tl`r` wks aoeày tn d` k mnjm`rjtlkt tl` fng`stom a`cosaktur` wnuaf d` ujwoaa-ojc tn kfnpt tl` ]FTG oi tl`r` wks `v`j tl`r`gnt`st pnssodoaoty tlkt ot mnuaf d` us`f tnr`strumtur` fng`stom f`dt.

Vl` OGI `v`jtukaay prnpns`f tlkt tl` snv`r-òcj f`dtnr d` r`quor`f tn of`jtoiy tlns` f`dts tlktwnuaf d` r`strumtur`f tlrnucl tl` ]FTGs sojca`kccr`ckt`f vnt`, s`pkrktojc tl`g irng tlns` makogstlkt wnuaf d` r`strumtur`f nutsof` (f`dts tn tl`

Xkros Maud kjf pkrt ni tl` fng`stom f`dt) kjf tlns`tlkt wnuaf d` tntkaay `xmauf`f irng tl` r`strumtur-ojc (trkf`-ràkt`f f`dts, f`dts tn tl` OIOs, tm.). Pjf`rtlos sml`g`, ot os pnssoda`, `v`j aoeày, tlkt tl`kgnujt ni makogs tn d` r`strumtur`f nutsof` tl`]FTG gky `xm``f tl` kgnujt tn d` r`strumtur`fojsof`. Lnw`v`r, tl` prnpns`f g`mlkjosg os kr`kaostom nptonj, tkeojc ojtn kmmnujt tl` ikmt tlkt, kstl` r`m`jt Krc`jtoj` mks` slnws, tl` snv`ròcj f`dtnrgnst nit`j j``fs tn `stkdaosl ots nwj f` ikmtn rkje-ojc ni pronroto`s oj k mrosos sotuktonj, kjf woaa f`mof`

wloml mr`fotnrs woaa d` pkof kjf wloml woaa jnt snks tn gojogoz` fng`stom `mnjngom lkrfslop.

Jkturkaay, tl` ojv`stnr mnggujoty wks ckavkjoz`f

kjf strnjcay nppns`f k sml`g` wl`r`dy ot wks inrm`f

tn sudnrfojkt` ots makogs d`ynjf wlkt, oj tlòr vo`w,

mnuaf d` r`ksnjkday kmm`pt`f. Vl`y dào`v`f tl` prn-

pnska jkrrnw`f tl` kgnujt ni àocoda` f`dtsn gumltlkt tl` r`strumturojc t`rgs mnuaf njay d` lkrsl, sojm`tl` jnj-provoa`c`f provkt` mr`fotnrs wnuaf d`kr kaatl` mnsts kssnmokt`f wotl tl` j``f`f r`fumtonj oj tl`snv`ròcjs ujsustkojkda` f`dt durf`j. Kjf kjy io-jkjmojc prnvof`f dy tl` OGI nr ntl`r OIOs dìnr` kfìkuat wnuaf jnw lkv` jnt bust k f` ikmtn dut ka`ckaay skjmtonj`f s`jonroty nv`r provkt` f`dts.


18/40


Kjntl`r i`ktur` ni mnrpnrkt` akw tlkt mnuaf jntd` sktosikmtnroay ojmauf`f oj tl` ]FTG wks tl` stkynj mr`fotnr aotocktonj, wloml wks k mnjiaomtov` ossu`tlkt c`j`rkt`f guml ni tl` ojotoka r`sostkjm` tn tl`

]FTG.Oj ii`mt, tl` iorst v`rsonj ni tl` g`mlkjosg (ks

pr`s`jt`f dy Eru`c`r oj Jnv`gd`r 488;) jvoskc`fk r`strumturojc prnm`ss tlkt wnuaf stkrt wotl tl`f`dtnr mnujtry inrgkaay r`qu`stojc tl` OGI tn kmto-

vkt` tl` ]FTG kjf ogpns` tl` stky nj tl` snv`ròcjs

nutstkjfojc f`dt ndaocktonjs. Oi tl` r`qu`st wks km-m`pt`f kjf jfnrs`f dy tl` Iujf (wloml lkf tn kss`sstl` sustkojkdoaoty ni tl` mnujtrys f`dt) tl` stky nj`jinrm`g`jt wks tn d` kutngktomkaay put ojtn ì-i`mt, oj k wky sogoakr tn tl` prnm`fur` oj mnrpnrkt`dkjeruptmy akw.

Vl` ikmt tlkt tl` OGI wks `gpnw`r`f tn f`-mof` wl`tl`r k stky wks j`m`sskry nr jnt wks nj` nitl` ksp`mts ni tl` prnpnska tlkt ikm`f strnjc`r nppn-sotonj oj tl` ojv`stnr mnggujoty, wloml i`kr`f tlktot wnuaf mr`kt` k strnjc ojm`jtov` inr f`dtnrs tn f`-ikuat. Gnr`nv`r, tl` iojkjmoka provkt` s`mtnr fnudt`ftl` ogpkrtokaoty ni tl` OGI kjf tl` `xt`jt tn wlomlots bufcg`jts wnuaf d` dks`f `xmausovày nj `mn-jngom mrot`rok, i`krojc tlkt pnaotomka mnjsof`rktonjs

goclt paky kj ogpnrtkjt rna`.

Vl` OGI otsài kasn d`mkg` mnjm`rj`f tlkt tl`kutngktom stky wnuaf sloit tnn guml a`cka a`v`rkc`

irng mr`fotnrs tn tl` snv`ròcj kjf wkjt`f tn gojo-goz` tl` rose ni f`dtnr gnrka lkzkrf, sn ot ckv` oj tnojv`stnrs f`gkjfs. Oj akt`r v`rsonjs ni tl` ]FTG,k stky nr stkjfstoaa nj k sp`moio`f kmtonj r`quor`s tl`kpprnvka ni k qukaoio`f gkbnroty ni mr`fotnrs nr ot mkj

d` ogpa`g`jt`f oi r`qu`st`f dy tl` snv`ròcj f`dtnrkjf kpprnv`f dy dntl k mr`fotnrs mnggott`` kjf

tl` ]FTG f`mosonj gke`r (OGI, 488=k kjf 488=d).

Vlos mlkjc` f`prov`f f`dtnr mnujtro`s ni prn-t`mtonj irng mr`fotnr aotocktonj, sn ot ma`kray r`fum`ftl` kttrkmtov`j`ss ni tl` ]FTG irng tlòr vo`wpnojt.Lnw`v`r, tl` rusl tn tl` mnurtlnus` tlkt bustoio`sk stky oj tl` mnrpnrkt` mnjt`xt os a`ss ni k mnjm`rj ojtl` snv`ròcj mnjt`xt, wl`r` ot akmes sp``f kjf ikm`sujm`rtkojty. Oj ikmt, mr`fotnrs lkv` krcu`f tlkt snv-`ròcjs oj fìkuat lkv` tnn guml a`cka prnt`mtonj,jnt tnn aotta`.

Oj tlos r`ckrf, r`m`jt `xp`ro`jm` oj snv`ròcjf`dt r`strumturojcs kjf tl` `vnautonj ni a`cka prkm-tom` m`rtkojay put ojtn qu`stonj tl` rà`vkjm` nr

(foii`r`jtoka) prkmtomka ogpkmt ni k inrgkaay f`makr`fstky, kt a`kst oi tl` gkoj mnjm`rj os tlkt ni pr`v`jt-ojc lnafnuts irng fosruptojc tl` r`strumturojcprnm`ss. Oj tlos r`ckrf, bufc` Cro`sk ni tl` ]nutl`rj

Fostromt ni J`w _nre, wl`r` akwsuots kckojst Krc`j-tojk kr` pr`s`jt`f, lks skof2;6

... tl` T`pudaom ... gkf` v`ry drnkf wkov`rsni snv`ròcj oggujoty, kcr``f tn burosfomtonjoj tlos Mnurt, kjf pr`sugkday tlkt wks sup-pns`f tn g`kj sng`tlojc ... Slkt lks d``jf`gnjstrkt`f dy tl`s` akwsuots os lnw aotta` otg`kjs ... Vl` T`pudaom lks fnj` `v`rytlojcpnssoda` tn pr`v`jt tl` mnaa`mtonj ni tl`s` f`dts... Mkj tl`r` d` kjy r`mnv`ry nj tl` bufc-g`jts> ]n ikr ot annes ks oi ot os vortukaay lnp`-a`ss ... Dut wlkt ot oaaustrkt`s os tlkt tl`s` akw-suots gky uatogktày d` oaausnry ...

Bufc` Cro`sks wnrfs rìa`mt tlkt tl` kdoaoty nilnafnuts tn fosrupt k snv`ròcj f`dt r`strumturojcprnm`ss os jnw p`rmòv`f tn d` anw`r tlkj ot wkssng` y`krs kcn. Oi tl` snv`ròcj tke`s kaa tl` j`m`s-skry pr`mkutonjs tl` i`ksodoaoty ni kttkmlojc kjy niots kss`ts os kagnst joa, sn tl` f`dtnr mkj prnvof` ot-sài wotl k f` ikmtn stky. Ot os murr`jtay kmejnwa`fc`ftlkt tl` ikgnus @aaont vs. X`ru mks`,;0wloml s``g`ftn ogpay tlkt tl` tlr`kt ni lnafnuts wks mnjsof`r-kda`, wks wrnjcay ojt`rpr`t`f kt tl` tog` dy gnst

kjkaysts. Oj ikmt, lkf tl` Cnv`rjg`jt ni X`ru wkot`finr k i`w fkys ot wnuaf lkv` d``j kda` tn pky tlrnucl@urnma`kr wotlnut prnda`gs. Oj tl` `jf, oj 4880Dàcougs pkraokg`jt kpprnv`f k akw wloml wnuaflkv` gkf` tl` @aaont strkt`cy ogpnssoda`. Vl`r` r`-gkojs tl` rose tlkt tl` ojt`rpr`tktonj ni tl pkro pkssumakus` mnuaf d` drnkf`j`f. Dut tl` r`m`jt tr`jf lksrktl`r d``j tl` nppnsot`, tnwkrfs k jkrrnw`r ojt`r-pr`tktonj ni ot.

Ojt`r`stojcay, sng` ni tl` prnt`mtonj kiinrf`f

tn f`dtnr mnujtro`s, ks oj tl` g`jtonj`f mks` ni Kr-c`jtojk, goclt d` ojt`rpr`t`f ks nrocojktojc ojsp`moiom crnups wloml dànjc tn tl` provkt` iojkj-moka s`mtnr dut wlns` ojt`r`sts kr` nppns`f tn tlns`ni tl` mr`fotnrs. Vlos os, inr `xkgpa`, tl` mks` wotl@urnma`kr. Dàcougs Cnv`rjg`jt lks snuclt tn prn-t`mt ots ogpnrtkjm` oj tl` ojt`rjktonjka pkyg`jtssyst`g, kjf tl` kssnmokt`f i``s, dy pr`v`jtojc kjyw`ke`jojc ni ots ràokdoaoty. ]ogoakr mnjsof`rktonjs,pr`s`rvojc tl` gkre`t slkr` kjf i``s ni tl` J`w _nremkpotka gkre`t drkjf, gky xpakoj tl` kgomus mu-rok`(iro`jf ni tl` mnurt) pr`s`jt`f tn bufc` Cro`skojsuppnrt ni Krc`jtojk dy tl` Kssnmoktonj ni Ma`kr-

ojclnus`s oj tl` Pjot`f ]tkt`s kjf dy tl` I`f`rkaT`s`rv`.;9


19/40

3Vl` Tna` ni tl` OGI oj F`dt T`strumturojcs2 A`jfojc Ojtn Krr`krs, Gnrka Lkzkrf kjf ]ustkojkdoaoty Mnjm`rjs

Oj kffotonj tn tl` f`mr`ks`f fosruptov` mkpkm-oty ni lnafnut mr`fotnrs, tl`r` kr` ntl`r r`ksnjs wlyk stky gky jnt d` ks iujfkg`jtka, wloml kr` k mnj-s`qu`jm` ni tl` sp`moiom mlkrkmt`rostoms tlkt foii`r-

`jm` tl` snv`ròcj irng tl` mnrpnrkt` mnjt`xt. Ojtl` iorst mks`, ot os foiiomuat tn `jinrm` tl` c`j`rkam`ssktonj ni pkyg`jts irng tl` f`dtnr tn kjy mr`fo-tnrs tlkt os tl` mnujt`rpkrt tn tl` stky nj mr`fotnr`jinrm`g`jt, kjf kjy snautonj tn tlos prnda`g wnuafujf`rgoj` tl` projmopa` ni snv`ròcjty. Cov`j tlktoj tl` ]FTG tl` makogs sudb`mt tn r`strumturojcwnuaf d` of`jtoio`f dy tl` snv`ròcj, wloml gkypakj tn mnjtoju` tn s`rvom` m`rtkoj f`dts aìt nut-sof` tl` ]FTG, ojt`r-mr`fotnr quoty wnuaf r`quor`tlkt tl` stky d` ogpa`g`jt`f njay kit`r k vnt` dy tl`mr`fotnrs kii`mt`f (Lkckj, 4880).

Dut k mr`fotnr-kpprnv`f stky wnuaf jnt d` prkm-tomka òtl`r, d`mkus` tl` snv`ròcj wnuaf jnt d`prnt`mt`f irng aotocktonj ujtoa mr`fotnrs lkv` kar`kfyvnt`f nj kj kccr`ckt`f dksos, wloml gky f`gkjfmnjsof`rkda` tog`. Vl`s` a`f tl` OGI tn s`è inr kjkat`rjktov` tlkt mnuaf c`j`rkt` sng` ni tl` skg` oj-m`jtov`s ks k stky, kjf oj tl` iojka v`rsonj ni tl`]FTG tl` sn-mkaa`f lntmlpntml rua` wks oj-mauf`f.;3Lnw`v`r, ot os kj ogp`ri`mt sudstotut` inr kstky, sojm` ot fn`s jnt pr`mauf` aotocktonj dy mr`fo-

tnrs, `v`j oi ot fn`s fosmnurkc` tl`g irng mlnnsojctlkt nptonj. Kjntl`r kat`rjktov`, mnjsostojc ni og-pnsojc k tkrc`t`f, rktl`r tlkj k c`j`rkaoz`f stky,wks mnjsof`r`f dy tl` OGI, dut ot r`quor`f ojmr`ks-ojc tl` rna` ni tl` FTI, wloml wnuaf f`t`rgojòi tl` rose irng aotocktonj bustoio`f tl` g`ksur`.Kckoj, d`mkus` ot ogpao`f covojc gnr` pnw`r tn ksuprkjktonjka `jtoty tlos nptonj wks f``g`f uj-i`ksoda`.

Vl` ntl`r mlkrkmt`rostom i`ktur` ni mnrpnrkt`

dkjeruptmy akw, tl` pnssodoaoty ni prnvofojc iojkjm-ojc tn tl` f`dtnr tlkt os a`ckaay mnjsof`r`f s`jonr tntl` ntl`r makogs mkjjnt d` sktosikmtnroay r`paomkt`foj tl` snv`ròcj mnjt`xt otl`r. Ot r`quor`s tlkt mr`fo-tnrs kutlnroz` tlrnucl gkbnroty vntojc tl` xmausonjni m`rtkoj FOX iojkjmojc irng tl` ]FTG, tlnuclujaoe` tl` mks` oj tl` mnrpnrkt` mnjt`xt, tl`y wnuafjnt `v`j tl`j lkv` tl` cukrkjt`` tlkt tlòr pronrotywoaa d` r`sp`mt`f dy tl` snv`ròcj. Mnjs`qu`jtay,`v`j oi tl` ]FTG wks ojt`rjktonjkaay kfnpt`f, tlÒGI, tlrnucl ots AOK pnaomy, wnuaf oj prkmtom` stoaad` tl` njay prnvof`r ni iojkjmojc inr k mnujtry ojfìkuat. Ks woaa d` fosmuss`f akt`r, tlos os kj ujk-vnofkda` mlkrkmt`rostom ni tl` ojt`rjktonjka iojkjmokakrmlot`mtur` tlkt mkjjnt d` gnfoio`f.

A`kvojc ksof` tl` akme ni suppnrt inr tl`]FTG, ot os ma`kr tlkt tl` iojka prnfumt wks gumlgnr` aogot`f oj ots smnp` tlkj nrocojkaay `jvoskc`f(Vrugkj, 4880). Vl` mnv`rkc` ni f`dts wnuaf d` sn

jkrrnw tlkt, oj prkmtomka t`rgs, ot wnuaf d` r`stromt`ftn tl` snv`ròcjs dnjf`f f`dt,; Jnt j`m`sskroay, ks tl`r` lkv` d``j s`v`rkapnsotov` mnjs`qu`jm`s ni tl` f`dkt` krnujf tl`]FTG, jnt a`kst tl` ogprnv`g`jt oj tl` ujf`rstkjf-ojc ni tl` t`mljomka ossu`s ojvnav`f kjf tl` pr`ssuròt lks put nj tl` provkt` s`mtnr tn ojmauf` mnaa`mtov`kmtonj makus`s oj dnjf mnjtrkmts.

Ojf``f, tl` ]FTG gky lkv` gkf` pnssoda` tl`r`m`jt `xpkjsonj oj tl` us` ni MKMs oj f`dt mnj-trkmts. Oj k a`tt`r irng tl` Ojt`rjktonjka Ojstotut` inrIojkjm` tn Mlkjmàanr Cnrfnj Drnwj ks Mlkorgkj

ni tl` Ojt`rjktonjka Gnj`tkry kjf Iojkjmoka Mng-gott`` (OGIM), tl` provkt` iojkjmoka s`mtnrs pnsotonjwks stkt`f ks2

... mnjtoju`f niiomoka suppnrt inr tl` twntrkme kpprnkml ojvnavojc dntl MKMs kjf ksnv`ròcj f`dt r`strumturojc g`mlkjosg(]FTG) rujs tl` s`ronus rose ni ujf`rgojojcìinrts tn kfvkjm` mnjtrkmtuka mlkjc`s.

Vl` a`tt`r kasn skof2

S` wnuaf `jmnurkc` tl` niiomoka mnggujoty

tn mnjm`jtrkt` ots `j`rco`s nj kfvkjmojc wotltl` provkt` s`mtnr kjf ossu`r ìinrts kar`kfyujf`r wky tn put oj pakm` MKMs, jnt tn tlwkrtnr b`npkrfoz` tlns` ìinrts.


20/40

< C-46 Fosmussonj Xkp`r ]`ro`s, Jn. 68

Pjf`r strnjc nppnsotonj, pkrtomuakray irng tlòjv`stnr mnggujoty, tl` ]FTG prnb`mt wks tlusmkjmàa`f, dut tl` foiiomuato`s ikm`f oj tryojc tn f`-vos` sktosikmtnry snautonjs tn sng` ni ots t`mljomka

prnda`gs ujfnudt`fay ikmoaotkt`f ots f`gos`. Kt ots]projc 488= g``tojc tl` OGIM mnjmauf`f tlkt ot wksjnt (jnw) i`ksoda` tn `stkdaosl ot. Mnjs`qu`jtay,tl` Iujf kdkjfnj`f tl` twn-trkme kpprnkml kjff`mof`f tn inmus xmausovày nj crkfuka rìnrg g`ks-ur`s kanjc tl` aoj`s ni tl` mnjtrkmtuka kpprnkml.

Vl` lypntl`sos tlkt tl` ]FTG g`jkm`prngpt`f tl` provkt` s`mtnr tn kdkjfnj ots pr`vonusràumtkjm` tn kfnpt MKMs os p`rsuksov`. Oj ìi`mt,kar`kfy oj Gky ;??9, nj pr`s`jtojc Vl` T`snautonjni ]nv`ròcj Aoquofoty Mros`snr T`y T`pnrt,;?tl`C-;8 lkf `jmnurkc`f tl` wof`spr`kf us` ni mnaa`m-tov` kmtonj makus`s.48Vl` r`pnrt kmejnwa`fc`f tlktinr tl` summ`ss ni tl`s` iinrts tl` ojmausonj ni MKMsslnuaf d` k prnm`ss frov`j dy tl` gkre`t dut stkt`ftlkt ot wnuaf r`mòv` niiomoka suppnrt.

Dut tl` provkt` s`mtnr r`gkoj`f ujojt`r`st`f ojprngntojc tl` us` ni MKMs kjf tl` makus`s w`r` jntojtrnfum`f, f`spot` tl` niiomoka s`mtnrs `jmnurkc`-

g`jt ni rìnrg oj gkre`t prkmtom`s. Slkt lkpp`j`ftlkt gkf` tl` provkt` s`mtnr mlkjc` ots gojf kit`r

s`v`j y`krs ni j`ca`mtojc tl` C-;8s prnpnska>4;Otos foiiomuat jnt tn kttrodut` tlos mlkjc` tn tl` pr`s-sur` ni tl` niiomoka s`mtnr wloml, oj tl` `jf, lkf tnd` tl` frovojc inrm` d`lojf tl` kfnptonj ni MKMs,tn tl` pnojt tlkt ot tnne tl` ojotoktov` ni f`socjojcgnfà makus`s. Vl` provkt` s`mtnr r`kaoz`f tlkt kstkujml nppnsotonj wnuaf a`kf tn tl` niiomoka s`mtnrprngntojc v`j lkrsl`r r`g`fo`s, tl` ]FTG, tn f`kawotl tl` prnda`g ni snv`ròcj f`dt r`strumturojc. Otos, j`v`rtlà`ss ikr irng m`rtkoj tlkt tl` tlr`kt ni tl`]FTG d`mngojc k r`kaoty wks dào`vkda`, dut oj tl`

mr`fotnrs vo`ws wlkt gktt`r`f wks tl` ikmt tlkt,sng` wky nr tl` ntl`r, tl` niiomoka s`mtnr wnuaf kfnptk tnucl`r aoj` wotl r`sp`mt tn mr`fotnrs ojt`r`sts tlkjdìnr`.

Lnw`v`r, tlnucl tl` provkt` s`mtnr `v`jtukaaykfnpt`f mnaa`mtov` kmtonj makus`s oj J`w _nre akwdnjfs kjf makog`f tn suppnrt tl`g, ot inuclt k r`kr-cukrf kmtonj tn aogot tlòr ogpkmt ks guml kspnssoda`. Oj ìi`mt, tl` provkt` iojkjmoka mnggujotymkg` up wotl quot` foii`r`jt prnpnskas r`ckrfojcmnaa`mtov` kmtonj makus`s tlkj tlns` tlkt lkf d``jr`mngg`jf`f dy tl` T`pnrt ni tl` C-;8 SnreojcCrnup nj Mnjtrkmtuka Makus`s. Mr`fotnr crnups tro`ftn iocur` nut lnw tn ojmauf` mnaa`mtov` kmtonj makus`s

wotlnut kmtukaay r`fumojc tl` mkpkmoty tn lnaf nut ojk r`strumturojc, wotl tl` ndvonus ndb`mtov` ni gke-ojc dnjfs `v`j lkrf`r tn r`strumtur`. Vlos turjs nutjnt tn d` foiiomuat kjf tl`s` crnups mkg` up wotl

tlòr nwj s`t ni gnfà makus`s, wloml tl`y r`mng-g`jf`f tn d` ojmauf`f ks tl` stkjfkrf.44

Kt k v`ry c`j`rka a`và, tlos s`t ni gnfà makus`sos drnkfay sogoakr tn tlkt ni tl` C-;8 Snreojc Crnupnj Mnjtrkmtuka Makus`s (Crnup ni V`j, 48845 kjfDO], 488=). Dut tl` f`voa os oj tl` f`tkoas. Vl`Ckjc ni ]`v`j prnpnskas ni gnfà makus`s foii`rirng tlkt ni tl` C-;8 oj twn ogpnrtkjt r`sp`mts.4=

Vl`y `ss`jtokaay mnjsost ni ojmr`ksojc tl` gkbnrotyj``f`f tn kg`jf k dnjfs jnj-iojkjmoka t`rgs wloa`,kt tl` skg` tog`, tna`rktojc tl` kg`jfg`jt ni tl`dnjfs iojkjmoka t`rgs, dut r`quorojc k v`ry socjoio-mkjt gkbnroty tn fn sn (?8 p`r m`jt nr locl`r). Vloskmtukaay gke`s ot gnr` foiiomuat, jnt `kso`r, tn r`-strumtur` dnjf`f f`dt. Iorst, dy kucg`jtojc tl`j`m`sskry gkbnroty inr kg`jfojc tl` dnjfs jnj-io-jkjmoka t`rgs ot fogojosl`s tl` i`ksodoaoty ni usojctl` sn-mkaa`f `xot mnjs`jts46oj k f`dt r`strumtur-ojc, wloml lkv` nit`j d``j us`f oj `xmlkjc` nii`rsks k g`kjs ni prnvofojc k f` ikmtn s`jonroty tn tl`j`w dnjfs nv`r tl` nrocojka makogs. ]`mnjf, tlnucltl` ujkjognus suppnrt ni tl` dnjflnaf`rs os jn

anjc`r r`quor`f tn kg`jf tl` dnjfs iojkjmoka t`rgs,dy `stkdaoslojc k v`ry locl gojogug gkbnroty tlosqukaotktov` mlkjc` d`mng`s wnrtla`ss oj prkmtom`,d`mkus` ot lks k v`ry anw prndkdoaoty ni `v`r dòjcput ojtn ìi`mt.

Oj slnrt, kjf jnt surprosojcay, wlkt tl` provktòjt`rjktonjka iojkjmoka mnggujoty lks oj gojf, wl`jfosmussojc wkys ni ogprnvojc tl` prnm`ss ni r`strum-turojc snv`ròcj f`dts, kr` g`mlkjosgs tn str`jctl`jtlòr s`mtnrs dkrckojojc pnw`r kt tl` xp`js` ni tl`

f`dtnr mnujtry. Oj pkrtomuakr, oj f`socjojc tlòr prn-pnskas, mr`fotnrs iinrts lkv` d``j kog`f kt prnt`mt-ojc tl` kdoaoty ni ojfovofuka mr`fotnrs tn ujf`rtkeà`cka kmtonjs kckojst tl` snv`ròcj oj f`trog`jt nitl` (mnaa`mtov`) ojt`r`sts ni tl` gkbnroty ni mr`fotnrs.Vl` tlr`kt`jojc pr`s`jm` ni lnafnuts os mnjmòv`fks k fosmopaojojc f`vom` tlkt woaa inrm` f`dtnrs tnogprnv` tl` t`rgs ni tlòr r`strumturojc nii`r ks mng-pkr`f tn wlkt tl`y wnuaf d` oj tlòr kds`jm`. Vl`ròs kj ogpaomot lypntl`sos tlkt tl` snv`ròcj f`dtnrlks (kt a`kst) k mnjsof`rkda` f`cr`` ni ujwoaaojc-j`ss tn pky. Ntl`rwos`, oi tlos w`r` jnt tl` mks`, otgky d` krcu`f tlkt mr`fotnrs slnuaf jnt kawkys strov`tn ndtkoj tl` gnst c`j`rnus t`rgs oj k f`dt r`-strumturojc, oi tlns` t`rgs kr` ojmngpktoda` wotl f`dt


21/40

?Vl` Tna` ni tl` OGI oj F`dt T`strumturojcs2 A`jfojc Ojtn Krr`krs, Gnrka Lkzkrf kjf ]ustkojkdoaoty Mnjm`rjs

sustkojkdoaoty, d`mkus` tlkt mkj njay c`j`rkt` iur-tl`r wnrenut mnsts kjf k anw`r r`mnv`ry ni vkauòj tl` anjc t`rg.

OOO. A`jfojc ojtn krr`krs pnaomy2

ots prn-mr`fotnr doks kjf

ojmnjsost`jt ogpa`g`jtktonj

Vl` OGIs pnaomy ni a`jfojc ojtn krr`krs `jk-da`s tl` Iujf tn prnvof` dkakjm` ni pkyg`jts suppnrttn k snv`ròcj f`dtnr tlkt lks ikaa`j ojtn krr`krs tnots provkt` mr`fotnrs kjf os nj` ni tl` gkoj à`g`jtsni tl` sn-mkaa`f irkg`wnre inr mrosos pr`v`jtonj kjfr`snautonj.40 Ot os prndkday tl` gkoj ojstrug`jtwotl wloml tl` Iujf mkj ojiau`jm` tl` nutmng` nitl` f`dt r`strumturojc prnm`ss ni k snv`ròcj tlkt oskar`kfy oj fìkuat ks wàa ks ots iutur` mnjngom p`r-inrgkjm`. Oj ìi`mt, dy a`jfojc ojtn krr`krs, kjftlrnucl tl` mnjfotonjkaoty kssnmokt`f tn ot, tl` Iujfmnjtrodut`s tn f`t`rgojojc tl` pr`mos` dkakjm` d`-tw``j iojkjmojc kjf kfbustg`jt.

Ots ìi`mtov`j`ss r`sof`s oj tlkt ot mr`kt`s kj oj-m`jtov` strumtur` tlkt gky a`kf tn j`cntoktonjs

d`tw``j tl` f`dtnr kjf ots mr`fotnrs, wl`r` tlìnrg`r, f`spot` ots iojkjmoka vuaj`rkdoaoty, os jnt kslkrf pr`ss`f tn rkpofay r`kml kj kcr``g`jt kt kjymnst ks ot wnuaf d` tl` mks` oi krr`krs w`r` jnt tna`r-kt`f. D`mkus` ni tlos, AOK pnaomy mkj lkv` k gkbnrogpkmt nj tl` dkakjm` ni pnw`r d`tw``j tl` f`dtnrkjf ots mr`fotnrs kjf wks, oj ikmt, nrocojkaay f`socj`ftn murd tl` aktt`rs pnw`r.

Lnw fn`s tl` OGI us` ots a`jfojc ojtn krr`krspnaomy> Vl` Iujf lks kj ìi`mtov` mkrrnt tn og-

pns` sng` mnjfotonjs nj tl` f`dtnr sojm`, tnc`tl`rwotl tl` ntl`r OIOs, ot os tl` njay kmtnr tlkt gky d`woaaojc tn a`jf tn k snv`ròcj oj fìkuat. Vlos cov`sot tl` mkpkmoty tn ojfum` tl` snv`ròcj f`dtnr tn kfnpttl` kfbustg`jt pnaomo`s r`quor`f tn mngpay wotlmnjfotonjkaoty ujf`r kj OGI prncrkgg`. Oj `x-mlkjc`, tl` Iujf mnjtoju`s tn prnvof` suppnrt oi tl`snv`ròcjs j`cntoktonjs wotl ots mr`fotnrs stkcjkt`d`mkus` tl`y kr` f`gkjfojc r`strumturojc t`rgs tlktkr` jnt mnjsost`jt wotl tl` prncrkgg`. Xrncr`ss wotltl` aogojktonj ni krr`krs os gnjotnr`f dy tl` OGIsDnkrf tlrnucl iojkjmojc kssurkjm`s r`vo`ws, wlomlkr` gkojtkoj`f ks anjc ks tl` mnujtry lks nutstkjf-ojc krr`krs tn `xt`rjka provkt` mr`fotnrs. Mr`fotnrskr` kasn suppns`f tn d`jìot irng AOK pnaomy, tn tl`

`xt`jt tlkt tl` ogpa`g`jtktonj ni kj OGI prncrkgg`pr`sugkday ojfomkt`s tlkt tl` iojkjmojc tlkt tl` snv-`ròcj f`dtnr os s`èojc irng tl`g os mnjsost`jt wotltl` gox ni kfbustg`jt kjf iojkjmojc kssug`f oj tl`

prncrkgg`. Nj tl` ntl`r lkjf, dy socjkaaojc tlkt otos woaaojc tn suppnrt tl` f`dtnr mnujtry tl` Iujf gkykasn inrm` tl` mr`fotnrs tn kmm`pt a`ss ikvnurkda`t`rgs oj tl` f`dt r`strumturojc tlkj wlkt tl`y ntl`r-wos` goclt lkv` ndtkoj`f.

Oj `ss`jm`, tl` OGI os prnvofojc wlkt, oj tl`mnrpnrkt` mnjt`xt, os mkaa`f f`dtnr-oj-pnss`ssonj io-jkjmojc.49Vl` iujmtonj ni tlos FOX iojkjmojc ojtl` snv`ròcj mnjt`xt os tn mngp`jskt` inr tl` akmeni kj ojt`rjktonjka a`cka irkg`wnre tlkt mkj cukrkj-t`` jinrm`kdoaoty nv`r tl` snv`ròcj f`dtnr. Ks wksfosmuss`f oj pr`vonus s`mtonjs, tl`r` kr` mnjsof`r-kda` foiiomuato`s oj mr`ktojc k a`cka s`jonroty wl`r`dyprovkt` mr`fotnrs kmm`pt tn sudnrfojkt` tlòr makogstn tl` prnvof`rs ni j`w gnj`y. Vlus, tl` OGI kjftl` ntl`r OIOs lkv` jn vokda` sudstotut` oj tl` snv`r-òcj f`dt mnjt`xt, d`mkus` tl`y kr` tl` njay kmtnrswotl f` ikmtn s`jonroty nr prì`rr`f mr`fotnr stktus.Vlos os wlkt `jkda`s tl`g tn prnvof` FOX iojkjmojcoj tl` iorst pakm`.

Irng ;?


22/40

;8 C-46 Fosmussonj Xkp`r ]`ro`s, Jn. 68

snaofkt`s, gky mngpaomkt` f`dt r`strumturojcs kjflkrg f`dtnr mnujtro`s ojt`r`sts.

Vl` j`w vo`w nj tl` rna` ni AOK pnaomy mkjjnt

d` bustoio`f nj r`ksnjkda` pudaom pnaomy inujfktonjs.Vlrnucl ots AOK pnaomy kjf dy mlnnsojc tl` kgnujtni r`snurm`s tlkt ot os pr`pkr`f tn gke` kvkoakda`,tl` OGI mkj lkv` k akrc` ojiau`jm` nv`r wl`tl`rkjf wl`j k snv`ròcj s`ès tn r`strumtur` ots provkt`s`mtnr f`dt kjf kasn nv`r tl` t`rgs tlkt tl` mnujtrywoaa s`è oj tl` f`dt `xmlkjc`, ojmaufojc tl` soz` nitl` lkormut. Vlus, ots pkrtomopktonj, fostnrtojc wlktwnuaf ntl`rwos` d` k gkre`t nutmng`, mkj njay d`

bustoio`f oi ot ojfum`s, kt a`kst, k pkr`tokj ogprnv`-g`jt, dut jnt oi ot ujf`rgoj`s tl` ojt`r`sts ni tl`f`dtnr mnujtry dy puslojc ot kckoj ojtn kj ujsus-tkojkda` f`dt pktl. Vlos wnuaf d` oj ma`kr mnjtrkfom-tonj tn tl` nrocojka gntovktonj inr ogpa`g`jtojc tlÀOK pnaomy kjf mnuaf r`jf`r ot usà`ss nr, kt a`kst,cr`ktay fogojosl ots pnssoda` mnjtrodutonj tn k mnj-strumtov` r`strumturojc prnm`ss. Sly lks tl` OGId``j r`v`rsojc tl` lostnromka nro`jtktonj ni ots AOKpnaomy> Vn iojf kj kjsw`r tn tlos qu`stonj ot os us`-iua tn r`vo`w tl` `vnautonj ni tlos pnaomy nv`r tog`.

OY. Vl` `vnautonj ni AOK pnaomynv`r tog`

Vl` mormugstkjm`s tlkt gntovkt`f tl` dortl niAOK pnaomy kr` wnrtl g`jtonjojc, d`mkus` tl`y oa-austrkt` tl` jktur` ni tl` prnda`gs tl` a`jfojc ojtnkrr`krs pnaomy wks nrocojkaay ojt`jf`f tn kffr`ss, kjfs`rv` ks k r`gojf`r tlkt tl` ìi`mtov` ogpa`g`jtk-tonj ni tl` AOK pnaomy, d`mkus` ni tl` wky tl` OGIgky kppay ot oj prkmtom`, mkj v`jtukaay turj ots nroco-

jka ancom nj ots l`kf.

Vl` pnaomy wks put ojtn ìi`mt kt k ràktovàyr`m`jt stkc` oj tl` OGIs lostnry kjf wks k mnjs`-qu`jm` ni tl` ;?


23/40

;;Vl` Tna` ni tl` OGI oj F`dt T`strumturojcs2 A`jfojc Ojtn Krr`krs, Gnrka Lkzkrf kjf ]ustkojkdoaoty Mnjm`rjs

akoss`z ikor` kpprnkml tn f`dt r`strumturojc lkfikoa`f tn ii`mtovày gnf`rkt` tl` f`dt nv`rlkjc, a`ftn k wof`r fov`rc`jm` ni pnsotonjs d`tw``j mr`fo-tnrs kjf f`dtnr mnujtro`s r`ckrfojc tl` t`rgs ni tlns`

f`dt r`strumturojcs. Oj droì, tl`r` lkf d``j tnn gumlkfbustg`jt kjf tnn aotta` f`dt ràoì, dut jnw dkjesw`r` oj jn lurry tn mnjm`ka kjy anss`s. Nj tl`mnjtrkry, tl`y ikm`f k prniotkda` upsof`, kjf tlàkrc`r ot wks tl` d`tt`r.

Mnjs`qu`jtay, tl` prnda`g wks tlkt, v`j wl`jtl` f`dtnr mnujtro`s w`r` woaaojc tn ujf`rtke` kf-

bustg`jt prncrkgg`s sn tlkt tlòr f`dts mnuaf d`s`rvom`f, mr`fotnrs wnuaf f`gkjf pkyg`jt t`rgs tlkttypomkaay ogpns`f kj `xkcc`rkt`f durf`j nj snv`r-òcj f`dtnrs. Oj tlos mnjt`xt, tl` OGIs pnaomy ni jnta`jfojc ojtn krr`krs pr`mauf`f tl` Iujf irng prn-vofojc iojkjmoka kssostkjm` tn k f`dtnr tlkt wks ojkrr`krs tn ots provkt` mr`fotnrs, `v`j wl`j tl` g`g-d`r mnujtry wks gkeojc `v`ry ìinrt tn r`strumturòts f`dts kjf ogprnv` ots r`pkyg`jt mkpkmoty.

Vlos lkf tl` ujf`sorkda` mnjs`qu`jm` ni ìi`m-tovày covojc provkt` mr`fotnrs tl` pnw`r tn `x`rmos`k v`tn nv`r OGI a`jfojc, sojm` tl`y ej`w tlkt tl`f`dtnr mnujtry wnuaf jnt lkv` kmm`ss tn OGI sup-pnrt uja`ss ot mnuaf r`kml kj kcr``g`jt wotl tl`g

iorst. Ks k mnjs`qu`jm` tl`r` wks k rose tlkt tl` kf-bustg`jt prnm`ss oj tl` f`dtnr mnujtry mnuaf dùjf`rgoj`f kjf `jf up dòjc gnr` mnstay kjf fos-nrf`ray.

Oj r`spnjs` tn mnjm`rjs tlkt tlos kpprnkmlwks ujj`m`sskroay r`stromtov`, tl` OGI iojkaay ojtrn-fum`f, oj ;?


24/40


Vl` mlkjc`f wnrfojc ni tl` akst mnjfotonj r`-ia`mt`f mnjm`rjs nv`r tl` pnssodoaoty tlkt j`cntok-tonjs wotl dnjflnaf`rs mnuaf d`mng` mngpa`x kjfprntrkmt`f (ks nppns`f tn tl` ràktovày `ksy j`-

cntoktonjs wotl ojt`rjktonjka dkjes

=8

). Gnr`nv`r, tl`r`vos`f ;??< v`rsonj drnuclt jnj snv`ròcj krr`krstn provkt` mr`fotnrs krosojc irng tl` ogpnsotonj ni`xmlkjc` mnjtrnas wotloj tl` smnp` ni tl` a`jfojcojtn krr`krs pnaomy ujf`r ikoray sogoakr mrot`rok.

Oj ;??? tl` AOK pnaomy wks gnfoio`f kckoj(OGI, ;???), wotl tl` prnda`gs pns`f dy dnjf io-jkjmojc ks tl` pkrkgnujt gntovktonj d`lojf tl`mlkjc`s. Vl`r` w`r` mnjm`rjs tlkt mnnrfojktonj kjfntl`r foiiomuato`s prnvne`f dy tl` akrc` jugd`r kjfpnt`jtokaay fospkrkt` ojt`r`sts ni dnjflnaf`rs mnuafa`kf mr`fotnrs tn fàky j`cntoktonjs inaanwojc k f`-ikuat kjf tn d` a`ss fospns`f tnwkrf k s`tta`g`jt, ksotuktonj kccrkvkt`f dy tl` ikmt tlkt gnst dnjflnaf-`rs fof jnt lkv` k anjc-t`rg dusoj`ss ràktonjslopwotl tl` f`dtnr mnujtry tn prnt`mt, ujaoe` gkjy dkjesoj tl` ;?


25/40

;=Vl` Tna` ni tl` OGI oj F`dt T`strumturojcs2 A`jfojc Ojtn Krr`krs, Gnrka Lkzkrf kjf ]ustkojkdoaoty Mnjm`rjs

a`và, tn mnjtrodut` tn tl` iiomo`jt np`rktonj ni mkpotkagkre`ts. D`mkus` tl` cnnf ikotl mrot`ronj lks d`-mng` sn m`jtrka tn tl` AOK pnaomy, ot os wnrtl xkgojojc

tl`g oj f`tkoa. Vl`y kr` tl` inaanwojc2

Sl`j k g`gd`r lks r`kml`f k bufcg`jt tlkt kr`strumturojc ni ots f`dt os j`m`sskry, ot slnuaf`jckc` oj kj `kray fokancu` wotl ots mr`fotnrs,wloml slnuaf mnjtoju` ujtoa tl` r`strumturojcos mngpa`t`5

Vl` g`gd`r slnuaf slkr` rà`vkjt, jnj mnjio-f`jtoka ojinrgktonj wotl kaa mr`fotnrs nj ktogày dksos, wloml wnuaf jnrgkaay ojmauf`2

- kj xpakjktonj ni tl` mnjngom prnda`gs kjf

iojkjmoka mormugstkjm`s tlkt bustoiy k f`dtr`strumturojc5

- k dro iojc nj tl` drnkf nutaoj`s ni k vokda``mnjngom prncrkgg` tn kffr`ss tl` ujf`r-ayojc prnda`gs kjf ots ogpaomktonjs nj tl`drnkf iojkjmoka pkrkg`t`rs slkpojc tl` `j-vànp` ni r`snurm`s kvkoakda` inr r`strumtur`fmakogs5

- tl` prnvosonj ni k mngpr`l`jsov` pomtur` nitl` prnpns`f tr`ktg`jt ni kaa makogs nj tl`snv`ròcj, ojmaufojc tlns` ni niiomoka doakt-

`rka mr`fotnrs, kjf tl` akdnrktonj ni tl` dksosnj wloml tl` f`dt r`strumturojc wnuaf r`-stnr` g`foug-t`rg sustkojkdoaoty, d`krojc ojgojf tlkt jnt kaa mkt`cnro`s ni makogs gkyj``f tn d` r`strumtur`f.

Vl` g`gd`r slnuaf prnvof` mr`fotnrs wotl kj`kray nppnrtujoty tn cov` ojput nj tl` f`socjni r`strumturojc strkt`co`s kjf tl` f`socj ni oj-fovofuka ojstrug`jts.

Vl` Iujf gkf` ot ma`kr tlkt ot wks up tn tl`snv`ròcj f`dtnr tn mlnns` tl` sp`moiom gnfkaoty inrmnjfumtojc tl` fokancu` wotl ots mr`fotnrs sn tlkt otmnuaf d` tkoanr`f tn tl` sp`moiom i`ktur`s ni ojfo-vofuka mks`s. Vlos s``gs tn prnvof` wotl `jnuclia`xodoaoty tn kmmnggnfkt` pkrtomuakr mormugstkjm`s.Lnw`v`r, ot stoaa pakm`s tl` durf`j nj tl` f`dtnr tnprnv` tlkt ot wks gkeojc `v`ry ìinrt tn gkojtkojkf`qukt` mnjsuatktonjs wotl ots mr`fotnrs. D`mkus`ni ots ogpaomktonjs, lnw tl` f`dtnr jckc`s ots mr`fo-tnrs os k mrumoka ossu`, nj wloml tl` ogpkmt ni tl`wlna` AOK pnaomy oj ots prkmtomka kppaomktonj mkj r`st.

Vl` e`y ossu` l`r` os tl` f`cr`` ni inrgkaotytlkt os r`quor`f ni tl` jckc`g`jt wotl tl` mr`fotnrs

tn qukaoiy ks sktosikmtnry inr mngpaokjm` wotl tl`cnnf ikotl mrot`ronj. Os ot kfvoskda` tn r`quor` tl`f`dtnr tn `jckc` mr`fotnrs wotloj k v`ry inrgka j`-cntoktojc irkg`wnre nr ot wnuaf suiiom` wotl k a`ss

strumtur`f eojf ni fokancu`> OGI stkii fosmuss`ftlr`` pnssoda` kpprnkml`s inr rìojojc tl` AOKpnaomy ks r`ckrfs tlos mrot`ronj kjf covojc ot prnm`-furka makroty (OGI, 4884k). Pjf`r tl` iorst kpprnkml,nr stktus qunkpprnkml, tl` pnaomy wnuaf lkv` r`-gkoj`f ujmlkjc`f kjf snv`ròcj f`dtnrs wnuaflkv` gkojtkoj`f mnjsof`rkda` fosmr`tonj r`ckrfojctl` g`mlkjoms ni jckc`g`jt wotl ots mr`fotnrs. Vloskpprnkml wks r`b`mt`f d`mkus`, oj tl` vo`w ni tlÌujf, ot ogpao`f covojc tnn guml a``wky tn f`dtnrs.Vl` stkt`f r`ksnjs inr r`b`mtojc ot w`r` ots ojmnjsost-`jmy wotl tl` prngntonj ni trkjspkr`jmy kjf otskgdocuoty, wloml wnuaf mr`kt` ujm`rtkojty kdnuttl` r`strumturojc prnm`ss tlkt mnuaf lkv` j`cktov`spoaanv`r ìi`mts nj tl` kmm`ss ni ntl`r mnujtro`s tnojt`rjktonjka mkpotka gkre`ts.

Pjf`r tl` s`mnjf kpprnkml, tl` f`dtnr wnuaflkv` d``j r`quor`f tn j`cntokt` wotl ots mr`fotnrswotloj kj nrckjoz`f irkg`wnre. Vlos nptonj wksr`b`mt`f d`mkus` ot wks ndvonusay tnn ogprkmtomka,sojm` ot akme`f tl` gojogug f`cr`` ni ia`xodoaotyj`m`sskry tn kfkpt tn tl` vkryojc mormugstkjm`s ni

snv`ròcj f`dt r`strumturojcs kjf d`mkus` ot fof jnttke` ojtn kmmnujt tl` ikmt tlkt mnjstotutojc k r`pr`s`jtk-

tov` mnggott`` oj k slnrt p`ronf gky prnv` uji`ksoda`.

Vl` tlorf kpprnkml, wloml oj tl`nry os murr`jtaydòjc ogpa`g`jt`f, os k snrt ni mngprngos` d`tw``jtl` iorst kjf s`mnjf kpprnkml`s, ujf`r wloml tl`f`dtnr wnuaf d` xp`mt`f tn jckc` oj kj kray kjfmnjtojunus fokancu` wotl ots mr`fotnrs oj kmmnrf-kjm` wotl tl` kdnv`-g`jtonj`f projmopa`s inr mr`fo-tnr-f`dtnr fokancu`. Ogpnrtkjtay, ujf`r tlos kpprnkml

tl` f`dtnr os `xp`mt`f tn `jt`r ojtn j`cntoktonjswotl k suiiomo`jtay r`pr`s`jtktov` mnggott`` wl`jtlos `xosts.

Inr tlos kpprnkml tn d` np`rktonjka, tl` Iujfos suppns`f tn mnjsof`r k s`t ni ikmtnrs tlkt ojiau-`jm` tl` `xt`jt tn wloml k gnr` nr a`ss inrgka eojfni `jckc`g`jt d`tw``j f`dtnr kjf mr`fotnrs mkj d`

bufc`f tn d` kf`qukt`. Vl` iorst ni tl`s` ikmtnrs ostl` mngpa`xoty ni tl` r`strumturojc, wloml f`p`jfsnj tl` jugd`r kjf l`t`rnc`jòty ni mr`fotnrs, tl`vkro`ty ni f`dt ojstrug`jts kjf makogs, wotl ots mnj-s`qu`jt ogpkmt nj ojt`r-mr`fotnr `quoty ossu`s, kjftl` aoeày soz` ni tl` lkormut r`quor`f tn r``stkdaoslf`dt sustkojkdoaoty.


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Vl` s`mnjf ikmtnr inr bufcojc wl`tl`r k inr-gka j`cntoktojc irkg`wnre os j`m`sskry nr jnt os tl`r`pr`s`jtktov`j`ss ni tl` mr`fotnr mnggott``. VlÌujf makogs tlkt tlos mkj d` oji`rr`f irng tl` prn-

pnrtonj ni projmopka làf dy mr`fotnrs tlkt lkv`socjkaa`f tlòr suppnrt inr tl` mnggott`` kjf dy tl``xt`jt tn wloml tl` gkoj typ`s ni mr`fotnrs kr` r`p-r`s`jt`f oj ot, tlnucl ot ikaas slnrt ni r`mngg`jfojctl` `stkdaoslg`jt ni k jug`romka tlr`slnaf.

Vl` tlorf ikmtnr mnjsof`r`f os wl`tl`r k r`k-snjkda` p`ronf lks àkps`f tn kaanw inr tl` inrgk-tonj ni k r`pr`s`jtktov` mnggott``, wl`r` tl`

bufcg`jt lks tn tke` ojtn kmmnujt tl` mlkrkmt`ros-toms ni tl` ojv`stnr dks` (oi ot os spr`kf nv`r gkjymnujtro`s nr jnt) kjf tl` f`dtnrs d`lkvonur òtl`rikmoaotktojc nr tryojc tn danme tl` inrgktonj ni tl`mnggott``. Lnw`v`r, njm` k mnggott`` tlkt osf``g`f tn d` r`pr`s`jtktov` dy tl` OGI lks d``j`stkdaosl`f, `v`j oi ot os jnt r`pr`s`jtktov` kt kaa ojtl` vo`w ni tl` f`dtnr, tl` snv`ròcj os r`quor`f tngke` cnnf ikotl ìinrts tn j`cntokt` wotl ot.

Gnr`nv`r, tl` f`dtnr os `xp`mt`f tn j`cntokt`tl` t`rgs ni tl` r`strumturojc wotl tl` mnggott`` njtl` dksos ni tl` inaanwojc s`t ni projmopa`s ni d`stprkmtom`, wloml w`r` frkit`f dy tl` provkt` s`mtnr2==

K mnaa`mtov` irkg`wnre mnuaf d` `stkdaosl`finr tl` snv`ròcj f`dtnr tn j`cntokt` k r`strum-turojc ni ots f`dt wotl k st``rojc mnggott``r`pr`s`jtktov` ni kaa provkt` mr`fotnrs. Oj mngpa`x

r`strumturojcs, tl`r` gky d` k jugd`r ni sudmng-

gott``s tlkt mlkjjà ojtn tl` st``rojc mnggott``5

Vl` f`dtnr wnuaf slkr` ojinrgktonj wotl tl`st``rojc mnggott``, ojmaufojc wl`r` j`m`s-skry mnjiof`jtoka ojinrgktonj, tn jkda` mr`fo-

tnrs tn gke` ojinrg`f f`mosonjs r`ckrfojc tl`t`rgs ni k r`strumturojc. Mnggott`` g`gd`rswnuaf j``f tn mnggot tn tke` kpprnprokt` st`pstn pr`s`rv` mnjiof`jtokaoty5

Mr`fotnrs r`pr`s`jt`f nj tl` mnggott`` wnuafkcr`` tn k stkjfstoaa nj aotocktonj furojc tl` j`-cntoktojc prnm`ss5

Vl` st``rojc mnggott`` wnuaf r`tkoj iojkjmokakjf a`cka kfvosnrs kjf tl` r`ksnjkda` mnsts nitl`s` kfvosnrs wnuaf d` dnrj` dy tl` f`dtnr.Vn `xp`fot` mngpa`x r`strumturojcs, tl` mng-gott`` kjf tl` f`dtnr gky mlnns` tn kppnojt kg`foktnr tn ikmoaotkt` tl` j`cntoktojc prnm`ss5

Vl` st``rojc mnggott`` wnuaf jnt d` kda` tntke` f`mosonjs tlkt wnuaf d` dojfojc nj mr`fo-tnrs. Kt tl` skg` tog`, tl` f`dtnr wnuaf jnt d`r`quor`f tn s`mur` ujkjognus suppnrt ni tl`

mnggott`` inr r`strumturojc prnpnskas.Vl` njay mnujt`rdkakjm` tn tlos ma`kray prn-

mr`fotnr doks os tlkt, wl`j j`cntoktonjs stkcjkt`d`mkus` tl` f`gkjfs ni mr`fotnrs kr` ojmnjsost`jtwotl tl` pkrkg`t`rs tlkt gky lkv` pr`vonusay d``j`stkdaosl`f oj k Iujf-suppnrt`f prncrkgg`, tlÌujf mkj mnjtoju` tn suppnrt tl` mnujtry f`spot` tlàkme ni prncr`ss oj j`cntoktonjs.

Oj ìi`mt, oj tl`nry tl` AOK pnaomy os f`socj`ftn np`rkt` kckojst tl` dkmecrnujf ni k Iujf krrkjc`-g`jt tlkt prnvof`s inr kj kpprnprokt`=6 dkakjm`d`tw``j iojkjmojc kjf kfbustg`jt, k dkakjm` tlktslnuaf kog kt dntl pr`v`jtojc tl` f`dtnr mnujtryirng suii`rojc `xtr`g` `mnjngom lkrfslop kjf `j-mnurkcojc ot tn ujf`rtke` g`ksur`s tn r`mnv`r xt`rjka

vokdoaoty. Kt tl` skg` tog`, tlos mnjtrodut`s tn sup-pnrtojc tl` vkau` ni mr`fotnr kss`ts nr, kt a`kst, tnpr`v`jtojc kj `xm`ssov` anss ni vkau`.

Vlos ogpao`s tlkt tl` Iujf mkj lkv` k socjoio-mkjt ojiau`jm` nj tl` xp`mtktonjs tlkt dntl mr`fotnrs

kjf tl` f`dtnr woaa lkv` kdnut tl` pnssoda` t`rgs nitl` r`strumturojc, d`mkus` ot os ma`kr tlkt tl` g`j-tonj`f pkrkg`t`rs fìoj` tl` aogots nr pnssoda` rkjc`ni tl` r`strumturojc t`rgs. Vlos, oj turj, ujf`raoj`stl` m`jtrkaoty ni tl` OGIs f`dt sustkojkdoaoty kss`ss-g`jts (F]K) inr tl` kppaomktonj ni AOK pnaomy, cov`jtlkt ot os tl` t`mljomka à`g`jt nj tl` dksos ni wlomltl` guatoakt`rka ojstotutonj mkj bufc` wl`tl`r mr`fo-tnrs f`gkjfs kr` mnjsost`jt nr jnt wotl tl`pkrkg`t`rs ni tl` Iujf prncrkgg`.

Vl` mrot`rok kjf projmopa`s tlkt lkv` bust d``jr`vo`w`f rìa`mt tl` OGIs ktt`gpts tn d` s``j ks kjogpkrtoka krdot`r oj f`dt r`strumturojcs, kit`r kaa tl`mrotomosgs tl` ojstotutonj lkf r`mòv`f irng r`pr`-s`jtktov`s ni tl` (provkt`) ojt`rjktonjka iojkjmokamnggujoty. Lnw`v`r, tl` OGI os stoaa jnt kj ogpkr-toka krdot`r, dut lks rktl`r froit`f oj ikvnur ni mr`fotnrojt`r`sts. Ot wnuaf lkv` d``j gnr` mngg`jfkda`,kjf wnuaf lkv` iot gnr` mnginrtkday wotl tl` rna`tl` OGI slnuaf paky ks k guatoakt`rka ojstotutonj, oi kgnr` dkakjm`f s`t ni projmopa`s lkf d``j prnpns`f.

M`rtkojay, tl`r` os kj ndvonus ksygg`try d`-tw``j tl` ojm`jtov`s tlkt tl` snv`ròcj f`dtnr kjfots mr`fotnrs lkv` tn ogpa`g`jt tl` projmopa`s2 wloa`


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;0Vl` Tna` ni tl` OGI oj F`dt T`strumturojcs2 A`jfojc Ojtn Krr`krs, Gnrka Lkzkrf kjf ]ustkojkdoaoty Mnjm`rjs

tl` pnssodoaoty ni r`mòvojc Iujf iojkjmojc r`pr`-s`jts k strnjc ojm`jtov` inr tl` f`dtnr, sn tlkt ot gkyi`à mngpàa`f tn mngpay wotl tl` cuofàoj`s, tl`ròs jn sogoakr ojm`jtov` inr tl` mr`fotnr tn kcr`` (nr tn

gkojtkoj) k stkjfstoaa nj aotocktonj furojc tl` j`cn-toktojc prnm`ss. Vlos ogdkakjm` os jnt ujojt`jf`f,dut os tl` r`suat ni k fàod`rkt` ktt`gpt tn str`jctl`jtl` mr`fotnrs pnsotonj oj snv`ròcj f`dt r`strumtur-ojcs. Gnr`nv`r, tl` ogpaomktonjs kr` murr`jtay gnr`prninujf tlkj wl`j tl` projmopa`s w`r` prnpns`f(4884), sojm` wl`j tl` ]FTG prnb`mt wks stoaa kpnssodoaoty, tl` ossu` ni tl` stkjfstoaa lkf sng` mlkjm`ni dòjc stopuakt`f oj k gnr` dkakjm`f inrg.

Lnw`v`r, ks lks d``j str`ss`f dìnr`, kaa tlosfn`s jnt j`m`sskroay g`kj tlkt tl` kmtuka ogpa`g`j-tktonj ni AOK pnaomy woaa d` tnucl nj tl` f`dtnrs oj`kml kjf `v`ry mks`, dut ot fn`s ogpay tlkt tl` OGIwoaa lkv` gnr` inrgka `xmus`s inr kfnptojc k a`sssuppnrtov` pnsotonj oj sng` ojstkjm`s, ks lks d``jtl` mks` oj Krc`jtojk sojm` 4884.

M`rtkojay, f`spot` pkyojc aop s`rvom` tn tl` pr`-sug`f ir``fng tlkt f`dtnrs wnuaf lkv` oj gkjkcojcmr`fotnr-f`dtnr ràktonjs, tl` projmopa`s kr` jnt ikrirng pr`smrodojc fìojotov` rua`s ks tn lnw tl` f`dtj`cntoktonjs slnuaf d` mnjfumt`f. Vlos os v`ry ma`kray

`vof`jm`f oj tl` r`quor`g`jt tlkt njm` mr`fotnrs lkv`nrckjoz`f k r`pr`s`jtktov` mnggott`` nj k togàydksos tl` snv`ròcj gust mnjfumt j`cntoktonjs wotltlkt mnggott``. Vl` rose os tlkt tlos gky d` covojc dkme

tn mr`fotnrs pr`mosày tl` anst a`v`rkc` tlkt AOK pnaomy

wks mr`kt`f tn tke` kwky irng tl`g oj tl` iorst pakm`.Ot kasn `jtkoas aogotojc tl` ia`xodoaoty tlkt wks dòjcsnuclt wl`j AOK pnaomy wks `stkdaosl`f ks kj `x-m`ptonj tn tl` c`j`rka rua` ni jnt a`jfojc ojtn krr`krs.

Oj kjy `v`jt, tl` Iujf slnuaf kvnof tl` t`gp-

tktonj tn gomrngkjkc` tl` f`dt r`strumturojcprnm`ss. Vlos wnuaf ma`kray d` k gostke`, cov`j tl`mngpa`xoty kjf fov`rsoty ni tl` mormugstkjm`s wlomlgky mlkrkmt`roz` tlkt prnm`ss, ks f`t`rgoj`f dy tl`typ`s ni dnjfs làf dy mr`fotnrs, tl` ojv`stnr dks`,tl` smka` ni tl` r`strumturojc, wl`tl`r tl` f`dtnrmnujtry os nr jnt oj fìkuat, `tm. Oj sng` ksp`mts, tl`projmopa`s stkdaosl f`tkoas tlkt kr` kagnst rofomuanusinr tl` OGI tn `jfnrs`. Inr `xkgpa`, tl` i``s ni a`-cka kjf iojkjmoka kfvosnrs slnuaf d` dnrj` `jtoràydy tl` f`dtnr mnujtry. Os ot k gktt`r ni projmopa` tlkttl`r` mkjjnt d` kjy durf`j slkrojc ni tl`s` mnsts>

Vl` projmopa`s kr` kasn dks`f nj kssugptonjstlkt gky jnt d` bustoiokda`. Kckoj, tl` prì`r`jm`

inr j`cntoktonjs ujf`rtke`j wotl mr`fotnr mnggot-t``s os k mks` oj pnojt. @v`j tlnucl kj nrckjoz`firkg`wnre=0 gky d` kfvkjtkc`nus inr tl` snv`r-òcj f`dtnr oj sng` mormugstkjm`s tlos os jnt kawkys

sn. Kit`r kaa, ot os s`jsoda` tn kssug` tlkt jn pkrtyntl`r tlkj tl` snv`ròcj f`dtnr os oj k d`tt`r pnso-tonj tn vkaukt` tl` ràktov` mnsts kjf d`jìots ni tlosirkg`wnre vos--vos k gnr` ojinrgka g`mlkjosg.Oj ikmt, tl`r` gky d` sotuktonjs wl`r` d`mkus` nistrkt`com mnjsof`rktonjs tl` f`dtnr gky mnjsof`rtlkt tl` roses kjf mnsts ni j`cntoktojc wotl k inrgkamr`fotnr mnggott`` ma`kray nutwòcl tl` d`jìots.Vlos gky lkpp`j oi, inr `xkgpa`, tl` snv`ròcj osmnjm`rj`f kdnut tl` pnssodoaoty tlkt k mnaa`mtovìrkg`wnre goclt prnvof` k paktinrg inr fossof`jtmr`fotnrs tn rkaay suppnrt, k f`vànpg`jt tlkt gky`jf up iurtl`r mngpaomktojc tl` r`strumturojc prnm-`ss ojst`kf ni kmmà`rktojc ot. Oi mr`fotnr l`t`rnc`j`-oty os pr`vka`jt oj tl` gnst mngpa`x mks`s nisnv`ròcj fìkuat, tl`j tlos mnjm`rj mkjjnt d` aocltayfosgoss`f. D`sof`s, ot os k ikmt tlkt trkfojc oj s`m-njfkry gkre`ts mkj rkpofay mlkjc` tl` of`jtoty niiojka mr`fotnrs, gkeojc tl` ìi`mtov` iujmtonjojcni k mr`fotnr mnggott`` gnr` mngpaomkt`f dy kat`r-ojc tl` ràktov` wòclts ni tl` foii`r`jt mr`fotnr oj-t`r`st crnups.=9@v`j oi, oj projmopa`, k gnr` inrgkamnaa`mtov` j`cntoktojc irkg`wnre d`mng`s gnr` f`-

sorkda` tl` gnr` mngpa`x tl` r`strumturojc os dnujftn d`, tlos v`ry mngpa`xoty gke`s ot loclay ujaoeàytlkt k mnggott`` mkj d` `stkdaosl`f nj k togày dk-sos. Kjntl`r frkwdkme os tl` tog`-mnjsugojc jktur`kjf r`snurm` ojt`jsov`j`ss ni kj nrckjoz`f irkg`-wnre inr j`cntoktonjs d`tw``j tl` f`dtnr kjf otsmr`fotnrs.

Vlos prì`r`jm` inr k mr`fotnr mnggott`` mkjkasn dkmeior` irng tl` p`rsp`mtov` ni tl` Iujf ot-sài. Oi tl` snv`ròcj f`dtnr `jckc`s oj k v`ry

strumtur`f fokancu` wotl mr`fotnrs pronr tn tl` kp-prnvka ni k Iujf suppnrt`f prncrkgg`, mr`fotnrswoaa prndkday s`è tn ojiau`jm` tl` pkrkg`t`rs tlktfìoj` tl` `jvànp` ni r`snurm`s. Kt tl` skg` tog`,tl` Iujf wnuaf d` j`cntoktojc tl` skg` pkrkg-`t`rs wotl tl` f`dtnr. Mnjs`qu`jtay, tl`r` wnuaf d`twn j`cntoktojc tkda`s np`rktojc soguatkj`nusay,wloml wnuaf oj`votkday d` ojt`rràkt`f, wotl `kmlsof` tryojc tn `xpanot tl` aojekc`s d`tw``j tl`g tnots kfvkjtkc`. Vl` Iujf os suppns`f tn stroe` k dka-kjm` kjf f`t`rgoj` tl` `xkmt kgnujt ni durf`jslkrojc tlkt `kml sof` woaa d`kr. Dut tl`r` os k rosetlkt ot mnuaf ikaa mkptov` tn nj` ni tl` pkrto`s kjftlkt ot goclt tlus ans` a`cotogkmy. K gnr` ojinrgkaj`cntoktojc `jvornjg`jt wnuaf fogojosl (tlnucl ot


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wnuaf jnt àogojkt` katnc`tl`r) tlos rose. D`sof`s,oj tl` mnjt`xt bust g`jtonj`f, ot wnuaf d` mrumokainr tl` f`dtnr tn pr`s`rv` mnjiof`jtokaoty. Ot os fnudt-iua tlkt tl`r` os k strnjc mks` inr slkrojc mnjiof`jtoka

ojinrgktonj wotl k r`pr`s`jtktov` mnggott`` nj kr`cuakr dksos. Vlos slnuaf d` aìt tn tl` f`dtnrs fos-mr`tonj kjf jnt d` k pkrt ni k d`st prkmtom`s cuof`.Cov`j tl` locl stke`s ojvnav`f oj k snv`ròcj f`dtr`strumturojc, ot os ujaoeày tlkt tl` f`dtnr woaa d`woaaojc tn t`st tl` str`jctl ni Mloj`s` wkaas nr tl`lnj`sty ni suppns`fay ogpkrtoka kfvosnrs.

Vl`r` os k gnr` iujfkg`jtka mrotomosg ni tl`ktt`gpt tn `stkdaosl tl`s` AOK-mngpktoda` cuof`-aoj`s inr j`cntoktonjs d`tw``j tl` snv`ròcj f`dtnrkjf ots mr`fotnrs. Kr` tl`s` prnm`furka ossu`s tl` gnstogpnrtkjt ikmtnrs tlkt gky r`tkrf kj kcr``g`jt nr`v`j gke` ot ogpnssoda`> Vlos os ujaoeày tn d` tl`mks`. Mr`fotnrs s``g tn d` (kjf kmtukaay slnuaf d`)gnr` mnjm`rj`f wotl sudstkjtoka ossu`s, suml ks tl`fìojotonj ni f`dt-s`rvom` `jvànp`s, prnda`gs niojt`r-mr`fotnr `quoty, qu`stonjs ràkt`f tn tl` f`socjni tl` j`w f`dt ojstrug`jts tn d` nii`r`f oj xmlkjcìnr tl` fìkuat`f nj`s, `tm.

Dut f`spot` tl` ìinrt f`vnt`f dy tl` OGI tnmakroiyojc tl` g`kjojc ni tl` cnnf ikotl mrot`ronj

kjf tl` r`mngg`jf`f gnfkaoto`s ni `jckc`g`jtni tl` f`dtnr wotl ots mr`fotnrs, wlkt gktt`rs oj tl``jf os lnw tl` AOK pnaomy os kmtukaay kppao`f kjftl` `xt`jt tn wloml ot mnjtrodut`s tn kmlo`vojc k ikorf`dt r`strumturojc.

Y. AOK pnaomy oj prkmtom`

Vl`r` os k murr`jtay k mnjs`jsus r`ckrfojc AOKpnaomy2 ot lks d``j ojmnjsost`jtay kppao`f kmrnssmnujtro`s kjf ot lks ikoa`f oj t`rgs ni ots ndb`mtov`s.Vl` OGI otsài mnjsof`rs ots AOK pnaomy tn d` tl`gkoj à`g`jt oj j``f ni ogprnv`g`jt oj ots irkg`-wnre inr mrosos r`snautonj oj g`rcojc gkre`ts (OGI,4880k). Dut ot os s`èojc tn ogprnv` ot tlnucl mlkjc`soj tl` inrgka mrot`rok r`cuaktojc tl` kppaomktonj nitl` pnaomy. Vlos gky jnt lkv` k socjoiomkjt ogpkmtnj tl` wky tl` pnaomy os ogpa`g`jt`f oi jnucl ia`x-odoaoty lks tn d` pr`s`rv`f.

Ojf``f, tl` ìi`mtov` ogpa`g`jtktonj ni AOKpnaomy lks d``j mrotomoz`f nj s`v`rka crnujfs. Ot lksd``j krcu`f tlkt AOK pnaomy akmes pr`fomtkdoaoty (kj

usuka mrotomosg r`ckrfojc OGI a`jfojc oj c`j`rka=3),kjf tlkt tl`r` kr` stoaa socjoiomkjt ujm`rtkojto`s inrkaa kmtnrs ojvnav`f r`ckrfojc tl` pr`mos` rna` tlkttl` OGI gky paky oj pnst-fìkuat r`strumturojc j`-

cntoktonjs. Oj pkrtomuakr, tl`r` os kj njcnojc f`dkt`kdnut lnw tn cov` k gnr` np`rktonjka mnjt`jt tn tl`cnnf ikotl mrot`ronj. Vl`r` kr` kasn gnr` dksomqu`stonjs tlkt lkv` d``j pns`f wotl r`ckrf tn tlosmrot`ronj2 os ot bust pnssoda` tn `stkdaosl ma`kr cuof`-aoj`s inr sng`tlojc tlkt os ojl`r`jtay quot` vkcu`>Os tl` mrot`ronj usìua, òtl`r oj ots murr`jt inrguak-tonj nr wotl kjy ntl`r kat`rjktov` akjcukc`> Os iurtl`rmakroiomktonj tl` wky tn ogprnv` AOK pnaomy>

Xrndkday jnt. D`mkus` ni tl` jktur` ni tl` prnd-a`g ot os f`socj`f tn kffr`ss, AOK pnaomy woaa kawkysd` j`m`sskroay kgdocunus kjf mkjjnt d` suotkdaypkrkg`t`roz`f. @v`j gnr`, cr`kt`r pr`mosonj mnuafd` mnujt`rprnfumtov`, kjf tl` OGIs @x`mutov`Dnkrf s``gs tn d` wàa kwkr` ni tlos. Vlkt goclt d`tl` r`ksnj wly tl` ìinrts tn kmlo`v` gnr` makrotylkv` jnt gkf` prncr`ss. Vl` OGI fn`s jnt wkjt tnto` ots nwj lkjfs. Vlkt gky d` k cnnf tlojc.

Kit`r kaa, k m`rtkoj f`cr`` ni fosmr`tonj nr `v`jkrdotrkroj`ss goclt d` sng`tog`s mkaa`f inr oi ot osinr tl` ske` ni ogprnvojc nutmng`s irng wlkt tl`y

ntl`rwos` wnuaf lkv` d``j ujf`r k v`ry j`ktay sp`mo-io`f inrgka irkg`wnre wloml fn`s jnt a`kv` kjygkrcoj inr gkjnùvr`. Vlos os bust kjntl`r gkjo-i`stktonj ni tl` tog`-ojmnjsost`jmy prnda`g. Nimnurs`, ot ogpao`s tlkt tl` ojm`jtov` strumtur` ikm`fdy f`dtnrs kjf mr`fotnrs woaa d` sudnptogka, dut ot osv`ry lkrf tn `jvoskc` kj nptogka AOK pnaomy tlktkf`quktày dkakjm`s `x kjt` kjf `x pnst ìiomo`jmymnjsof`rktonjs kjf c`ts rof ni gnrka lkzkrf mng-pa`tày. Ot os sogpay jnt pnssoda` tn inr`s`` kaa tl`mnjtojc`jmo`s tlkt gky lkv` tn d` f`kat wotl oj k

mngpa`x pnst-fìkuat mnjt`xt wl`j k mnujtry j``fstn r`strumtur` ots f`dt.

A`kvojc tl` qu`stonj ni tl` sp`moiom wnrfojcni tl` mrot`rok ksof`, ot os ogpnrtkjt tn `vkaukt` oi tlÌujfs r`m`jt ojt`rv`jtonjs dy g`kjs ni ots AOKpnaomy lkv` mnjtrodut`f tn gnf`rktojc tl` mnsts nimros`s inr f`dtnr mnujtro`s kjf lkv` paky`f k mnj-strumtov` rna` oj f`dt j`cntoktonjs. Oj slnrt, lkv` tl`yd``j wàikr` ogprnvojc> Lkv` tl`y r`kaay strumek dkakjm` d`tw``j tl` ndb`mtov` ni ogprnvojc tlìujmtonjojc ni mkpotka gkre`ts kjf tl` ndb`mtov` niprnvofojc togày kjf (a`ts kff) kf`qukt` kssost-kjm` tn mnujtro`s ujf`rcnojc kj `xtr`g` `mnjngommrosos>=


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;3Vl` Tna` ni tl` OGI oj F`dt T`strumturojcs2 A`jfojc Ojtn Krr`krs, Gnrka Lkzkrf kjf ]ustkojkdoaoty Mnjm`rjs

Inmusojc nj goffa`-ojmng` mnujtro`s, tl` s`tni jktonjs wl`r` AOK pnaomy lks d``j kppao`f oj r`-m`jt y`krs os ràktovày sgkaa, d`mkus` tl`r` w`r``xmlkjc` nii`rs ni snv`ròcj f`dt wloml tnne pakm`

dìnr` tl`r` w`r` kjy inrgka krr`krs tn provkt` mr`fo-tnrs (tl`s` w`r` tl` mks`s ni Perkoj` kjf Prucuky)kjf tl` r`gkojojc lnafnuts fof jnt r`pr`s`jt k soc-joiomkjt kgnujt ni tl` nrocojka f`dt kjf w`r` pkofoj iuaa. AOK pnaomy lks d``j kppao`f oj tl` mks`s niKrc`jtojk, @mukfnr kjf tl` Tussokj I`f`rktonj.=?Ojtl` mks` ni @mukfnr, kit`r r`strumturojc ots f`dt wotltl` pkrtomopktonj ni ?< p`r m`jt ni dnjflnaf`rs, tl`r`gkojojc krr`krs lkf d``j ma`kr`f dy F`m`gd`r4888, sn AOK pnaomy m`ks`f tn kppay kit`r tlkt fkt`.Oj tl` mks` ni tl` Tussokj I`f`rktonj, a`jfojc ujf`rtl` stkjf-dy krrkjc`g`jt kpprnv`f oj Buay ;???kppao`f AOK pnaomy, cov`j tl` xost`jm` ni krr`krs tnprovkt` dnjflnaf`rs.

Dut ot os surày tl` Krc`jtoj` `xp`ro`jm` kit`rots fìkuat, tlkt prnvof`s tl` d`st mks` stufy ni tl`foiiomuato`s ojvnav`f oj tl` kppaomktonj ni AOK pnaomy.Xkrkfnxomkaay, ot wks pr`mosày tl` Krc`jtoj` mrososkjf ots pkrkfocgktom stktus ks tl` cr`kt`st snv`ròcjfìkuat oj lostnry wlkt lkf cov`j ogp`tus tn tl` OGItn rìoj` suml pnaomy. Vlus, tl` r`vos`f AOK pnaomy(4884) ikoa`f ots iorst t`st.

Vl` gnst mnjt`jtonus ossu` lks d``j (kjf stoaaos) tl` ojt`rpr`tktonj ni tl` cnnf ikotl mrot`ronj. Ojpkrtomuakr, wotl r`ckrf tn tl` `xp`mtktonj tlkt, wl`jk r`pr`s`jtktov` mnggott`` lks d``j `stkdaosl`fnj k togày dksos tl` mnujtry slnuaf cn d`ynjfmnjstrumtov` fokancu` kjf `jt`r ojtn cnnf ikotl j`-cntoktonjs wotl ot. Vl` kppaomktonj ni tlos mrot`ronj ossuppns`f tn d` dks`f nj tl` ujoqu` mlkrkmt`rostomsni `kml mks`68kjf tl` mrumoka ksp`mts kr` tl` mng-pa`xoty ni tl` sotuktonj wloml gky wkrrkjt k a`ss

strumtur`f g`mlkjosg inr fokancu` , tl` r`pr`s`jtk-tov`j`ss ni tl` mnggott`` kjf tl` togàoj`ss ni otsmnjstotutonj.

Oj tl` mks` ni Krc`jtojk, k mnggott`` mkaa`fCMKD (Candka Mnggott`` ni Krc`jtojk Dnjflnaf-`rs) wks `stkdaosl`f nj k togày dksos dut Krc`jtoj`kutlnroto`s fosput`f ots r`pr`s`jtktov`j`ss kjf krcu`ftlkt, d`mkus` ni tl` mngpa`xoty ni tl` `jvoskc`f f`dt`xmlkjc` k strumtur`f irkg`wnre inr j`cntoktonjswnuaf d` mnujt`rprnfumtov`. Oj pkrtomuakr, tl`y krcu`f

tlkt tl` CMKD fof jnt lkv` tl` pnw`r tn dojf oj mr`fo-

tnrs kjf tl`r` wks jnt `jnucl `vof`jm` ni suppnrtirng tl` dnjflnaf`rs ot makog`f tn r`pr`s`jt. Gnr`-nv`r, Krc`jtoj` kutlnroto`s r`gkre`f tlkt ogpnrtkjt

mnjstotu`jmo`s ni dnjflnaf`rs (projmopkaay tlns` an-mkt`f oj Krc`jtojk) w`r` jnt r`pr`s`jt`f oj CMKD.

Vl` OGI gkojtkoj`f tlkt mr`fotnr mnggott``s

lkv` kj kfvosnry rna` kjf kr` jnt suppns`f tn d`kda` tn tke` f`mosonjs tlkt wnuaf d` dojfojc kjf oj-sost`f nj tl` r`pr`s`jtktov`j`ss ni tl` CMKD.Tàkt`f tn tlos ossu` w`r` kasn qu`stonjs kdnut mnj-iaomts ni ojt`r`st6; ni sng` ni tl` `jtoto`s inrgojcCMKD. Vl` l`kf ni CMKD, Jomlnaks ]tnme, tlr`kt-`j`f tn us` tl` OGI ks kj ojstrug`jt tn put pr`ssur`nj Krc`jtojk tn j`cntokt` wotl CMKD. Oj ikmt, tlospr`ssur` wks jnt `v`j j`m`sskry, sojm` dntl tl`Pjot`f ]tkt`s Vr`ksury kjf tl` C-3 w`r` kasn r`-quorojc tl` OGI tn pusl inr k j`cntokt`f snautonj(Làaòj`r, 4880). Krc`jtojk fof jnt dnw tn tl` pr`s-sur` kjf tl` ossu` wks k snurm` ni mnjtojunusiromtonjs d`tw``j tl` f`dtnr kjf tl` OGI.

Vl` wlna` ossu` ni j`cntoktonjs os prndkdayd`sof` tl` pnojt kjf os k rktl`r kjmoaakry à`g`jttlkt slnuaf jnt fostrkmt irng tl` iujfkg`jtka prnd-a`gs. Ojf``f, tl` ogpnrtkjm` ni stkdaoslojc inrgka

j`cntoktonjs wotl k r`pr`s`jtktov` mr`fotnr mng-gott`` gust d` qu`stonj`f, sojm` ot gky ogpay puttojctnn guml `gplksos nj tl` f`dtnrs cnnf gkjj`rs(kjf jnt nj tl` mr`fotnrs!!), wloml lkv` jntlojc tn

fn wotl tl` ossu`s ni sudstkjm`. Kit`r kaa Krc`jtojkfof wlkt lks d`mng` tl` stkjfkrf oj snv`ròcj f`dtr`strumturojcs2 k tke`-ot-nr-a`kv`-ot ujoakt`rka `x-mlkjc` nii`r. Ot ma`kray fof jnt ojjnvkt` nj tlos, cov`jtlkt j`cntoktonjs oj tl` OGI sna`gj g`kjojc ni tl`wnrf fof jnt tke` pakm` oj kjy ni tl` pr`vonus f`dtr`strumturojcs, akrcày d`mkus` tl`r` wks jn j``f inrtl`g. Gnr`nv`r, tl` t`mljoqu` ni ujoakt`rka `x-mlkjc` nii`rs fn`s jnt ogpay tlkt tl`r` kr` jnmnjsuatktonjs wotl mr`fotnrs nr tlkt mr`fotnrs fn jntlkv` tl` nppnrtujoty tn prnvof` kjy ojputs tn tl`

r`strumturojc prnpnska. Ot sogpay ogpao`s tlkt tlos tkseos ujf`rtke`j dy tl` ojv`stg`jt dkjes lor`f tn f`-socj tl` f`tkoas ni tl` f`dt `xmlkjc`, wloml fn tl`gkre`t snujfojcs tn, pr`mosày, ml`me ots f`cr`` nikmm`ptkdoaoty kgnjc tl` mr`fotnrs.

K makroiyojc p`rsp`mtov` tn mnjsof`r tlos ossuòs dy ogkcojojc wlkt j`cntoktonjs wnuaf g`kj ojtl` wnraf ni mnrpnrkt` f`dt r`strumturojcs oi tl`r`wks jn dkjeruptmy akw kjf jn pnssodoaoty ni `ksoaykttkmlojc kss`ts. Oj tlkt mnjt`xt, j`cntoktonjs mnuafjnt `v`j tke` pakm` oj tl` slkfnw ni tl` akw, ksnit`j lkpp`js oj prkmtom`. Vl`y wnuaf prndkday r`-s`gda` tl` nii`rs w` s`` oj snv`ròcj r`strumturojcs.Dut snv`ròcj r`strumturojcs lkv` kj ndvonus kffo-


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;< C-46 Fosmussonj Xkp`r ]`ro`s, Jn. 68

tonjka fog`jsonj tlkt mkjjnt d` nv`ranne`f, d`mkusòt os kj `ss`jtoka pkrt ni tl` prnda`g2 cnv`rjg`jtswoaa j`v`r kmm`pt tn s`ronusay fosmuss tlòr mnjngomprncrkgg`s wotl provkt` mr`fotnrs kjf woaa jnt wkjt

tn d` s``j dy tlòr mnjstotu`jts ks fnojc sn. Vlòrpnaotomka survovka wnuaf d` kt stke`. Vlos os p`rlkpsa`ss stkre oj k pr`-fìkuat mnjt`xt, wl`r` tl` pnpu-aktonj goclt d` woaaojc tn suppnrt frkmnjokj g`ks-ur`s. Lnw`v`r, tl`r` lkv` d``j jn j`cntoktonjs ojtl` OGI g`kjojc ni tl` wnrf oj pr`-fìkuat sotuk-tonjs òtl`r.

Kjntl`r foiiomuaty wotl AOK pnaomy rkos`f dytl` Krc`jtoj` mks` os, pr`mosày, tlkt ot fn`s jnt `s-tkdaosl kjy foii`r`jm` d`tw``j tl` pr`- kjf pnst-r`strumturojc sm`jkrons. Vl` pnaomy os kppao`f ujf`rtl` skg` mnjfotonjs ks anjc ks tl`r` kr` krr`krs wotl`xt`rjka mr`fotnrs. Lnw`v`r, tlos pns`s k prnda`g.Oi tl` lkormut r`quor`f tn r`stnr` f`dt sustkojkdoaotyos v`ry locl, ks ot wks oj tl` Krc`jtoj` mks`, tl` pkr-tomopktonj rkt` ni dnjflnaf`rs gky d` ràktovày anw,kt a`kst ks mngpkr`f tn ntl`r `xmlkjc` nii`rs wl`r`f`dt sustkojkdoaoty os gnr` `ksoay kmlo`vkda`. Ks kmnjs`qu`jm`, krr`krs nj provkt` `xt`rjka f`dt woaar`gkoj locl, dut jnt ks k r`suat ni k akme ni woaa tns`è k mnaakdnrktov` fokancu` dy tl` f`dtnr dut d`-mkus` tl` r`s`rvktonj prom` ni tl` (gkrcojka) mr`fo-

tnrs os ojmnjsost`jt wotl sustkojkdoaoty. Xkyojclnafnut mr`fotnrs oj iuaa, ks lks nit`j d``j fnj` ojntl`r f`dt `xmlkjc`s, wnuaf jnt d` i`ksoda` wl`jtl` kgnujts ojvnav`f lkv` gkmrn`mnjngom socjoio-mkjm`, dut tlos ogpao`s tlkt krr`krs gky p`rsost inr kanjc tog`. Vlus, AOK pnaomy wnuaf s``g tn r`quor`gnr` ia`xodoaoty wl`j kppao`f oj k pnst-r`strumtur-ojc mnjt`xt, tlnucl tlos fn`s jnt ogpay tlkt tl`r`slnuaf j`m`sskroay d` sp`moiom wrott`j mnjfotonjsinr suml mks`s.

Vl` Krc`jtoj` mks` lkf kjntl`r mngpaomktojcikm`t. Cov`j tlkt Krc`jtojk r`pr`s`jt`f k frkgktom`xkgpa` ni k ikoa`f dkoa nut, OGIs `xpnsur` dìnr`tl` fìkuat wks kar`kfy kt locl a`vàs, sn iojkjmokakssostkjm` tn Krc`jtojk lkf tn d` irkg`f wotloj tl`@xm`ptonjka Kmm`ss Irkg`wnre64kjf tl` inrgkadkrro`rs tn iurtl`r iojkjmojc w`r` mnjs`qu`jtay mnj-sof`rkda`, oi inr jn ntl`r r`ksnj tlkj tl` wosl tn slnwtlkt tl` @KI wks ìi`mtovày `jinrm`f.

Vlus, Krc`jtojk, f`spot` tl` f`ptl ni tl` mrososkit`r tl` f`vkauktonj kjf fìkuat, wks tl` njay gk-

bnr Iujf f`dtnr tlkt fof jnt r`mòv` kjy iojkjmojc ojj`t t`rgs ks irng akt` 488;. Os tlos bustoio`f> Ot mkjd` krcu`f tlkt ot os jnt.

Vl` sotuktonj wks sn mktkstrnplom tlkt ot os s`j-soda` tn f`gkjf tlkt tl` OGI, dòjc k guatoakt`rkaojstotutonj wlns` rna` os, oj tl`nry, tn làp ots g`g-d`rs gnf`rkt` tl` mnsts ni dkakjm` ni pkyg`jts mrosos,

slnuaf lkv` ojt`rv`j`f dy prnvofojc sng` j`t io-jkjmojc. Kt tl` v`ry a`kst, ot slnuaf lkv` kmm`pt`f tngkojtkoj, oi jnt tn ojmr`ks`, ots xpnsur` ujtoa tl` wnrst

plks` ni tl` mrosos lkf pkss`f. Ojst`kf, tl` OGI snuclt

tn syst`gktomkaay r`fum` ots `xpnsur` ks rkpofay ks ot

mnuaf.6=Slkt wks tl` rktonjka` inr tlos d`lkvonur>

Ot wks ndvonusay, oj pkrt, tl` mnjm`rj tlkt gkoj-tkojojc ots `xpnsur` tn Krc`jtojk, jnt tn sp`ke niojmr`ksojc ot, wnuaf lkv` d``j oj mnjtrkfomtonj wotltl` prnp`r ski`cukrfojc ni Iujf r`snurm`s r`quor`fdy AOK pnaomy. Oj tl` OGIs vo`w Krc`jtojk jtkoa`froses tlkt w`r` tnn locl. Vlos vo`w, katlnucl ot lksturj`f nut tn d` wrnjc,66wks jnt kt kaa kdsurf ojo-tokaay,60`v`j oi tl` roses w`r` nv`r`stogkt`f.69Vl`prnda`g os jnt tl` ikmt tlkt tl` Iujf snuclt tn ski`-cukrf ots r`snurm`s, wloml os ujf`rstkjfkda`, dutrktl`r tlkt ot lks jnt d``j mnjsost`jt kmrnss mnuj-tro`s oj ots ìinrts tn fn sn. Gnr`nv`r, ot s``gs ma`krtlkt tl`r` wks kj ojt`jtonj ni pujoslojc Krc`jtojk,prndkday ks k g`kjs ni c`j`rktojc k f`gnjstrktonjìi`mt nj ntl`r pnt`jtoka fìkuat`rs.

Oi Krc`jtojk wks kj ujkmm`ptkda` rose, sn wksPrucuky oj 488=, wl`j tl` Iujf `jfnrs`f k f`dtr`strumturojc tlkt wks prndkday tnn ojv`stnriro`jfay, ogpayojc tl` j``f inr tl` OGI tn gkoj-tkoj nr v`j ojmr`ks` xpnsur` furojc k anjc p`ronf.63

D`sof`s, `v`j oi tl` Iujf lkf prnvof`f j`t a`jfojctn Krc`jtojk oj 4884, tl` mnujtrys `xpnsur` wnuaflkv` stoaa d``j dànw s`v`rka ntl`r mks`s ni `xm`p-tonjka kmm`ss.6


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;?Vl` Tna` ni tl` OGI oj F`dt T`strumturojcs2 A`jfojc Ojtn Krr`krs, Gnrka Lkzkrf kjf ]ustkojkdoaoty Mnjm`rjs

Inr `xkgpa`, oj tl` mks` ni Krc`jtojk, oj gof-Jnv`gd`r 4884 tl` cnv`rjg`jt f`mof`f tlkt otwnuaf jnt gke` pkyg`jts fu` tn tl` OGI kjf tl`Snraf Dkje. Vl` r`ksnj wks tlkt Krc`jtojk njay lkf

krnujf =88 goaaonj fnaakrs oj r`s`rv`s nv`r kjf kdnv`tl` gkturojc kgnujts nw`f tn tl` OIOs, kjf wnuafd` oj k v`ry vuaj`rkda` sotuktonj wl`j, oj Gky 488=,tl` pr`sof`jtoka à`mtonjs w`r` cnojc tn d` làf.Mnjs`qu`jtay, tl` Krc`jtoj` Cnv`rjg`jt r`qu`st`finr kj `xt`jsonj ni tl` r`purmlks` sml`fua`, dut tlÒGI (En`la`r) wks jnt woaaojc tn kmm`pt suml k r`-qu`st (`v`j tlnucl ot wks njay k rnaanv`r, stromtaysp`keojc). Oj tl` `jf, ot wks pr`ssur`f tn fn sn dytl` Pjot`f ]tkt`s Vr`ksury kjf tl` C-3, kjf kj OGItrkjsotonjka prncrkgg` wks kpprnv`f oj Bkjukry488=,08tlkt tnne ojtn kmmnujt tl` upmngojc pr`so-f`jtoka à`mtonjs. Snuaf tl` OGI lkv` a`jt tnKrc`jtojk oi ot lkf d``j k t`mljnmrktom ojstotutonjwotl iuaa ojf`p`jf`jm` kjf osnakt`f irng pnaotomkapr`ssur`s> Xrndkday jnt, kjf tlos ikmt os v`ry gumlràkt`f tn tl` usà`ssj`ss ni tryojc tn `stkdaosl ojtnn pr`mos` t`rgs tl` mnjfotonjs ni kmm`ss tn OGIiojkjmojc. Ot os sogpay mnjtrkfomtnry wotl tl` oj`vo-tkda` pnaotomka mlkrkmt`r ni tl` Iujf ks kj ojstotutonj.

Vl` mnjiaomtov` ràktonjslop d`tw``j Krc`jtojkkjf tl` Iujf lks mnjtoju`f tn tlos fky, kjf tl` og-

pa`g`jtktonj ni AOK pnaomy lks d``j ojmr`ksojcay kttl` m`jtr` ni tl` fosput`s oj nj` wky nr tl` ntl`r,rà`cktojc ntl`r ossu`s tn tl` sofàoj`s. Vl` OGI us`ftl` AOK mrot`rok tn fn tl` nppnsot` ni wlkt AOK pnaomywks nrocojkaay ojt`jf`f tn fn2 ot wks us`f ks k wkyni `xtnrtojc tl` f`dtnr tn nii`r gnr` gnj`y tn otsmr`fotnrs.

Oj ]`pt`gd`r 488= k tlr``-y`kr prncrkgg` wksakujml`f kjf OGI pr`ssur`s dks`f nj ots ojt`rpr`tk-tonj ni tl` cnnf ikotl mrot`ronj ojt`jsoio`f. Kt tl`

skg` tog`, lnw`v`r, tl` Iujf fof sng`tlojc foii`r-`jt tlkj wlkt lkf d``j ots usuka prnm`fur` oj tl`pr`vonus `posnf`s oj wloml AOK pnaomy lkf d``jkppao`f2 tl` iosmka tkrc`ts ni tl` prncrkgg` d`ynjf4886 w`r` sp`moiomkaay aìt ujfìoj`f kdnv` k = p`rm`jt iannr (inr tl` progkry surpaus), wotl tl` kog nicovojc Krc`jtojk kjf ots mr`fotnrs tl` rnng tn j`cn-tokt` nv`r tl` t`rgs ni tl` r`strumturojc.0;Vlos wkstl` Pjot`f ]tkt`s Vr`ksurys akoss`z ikor` kpprnkmltn tl` Krc`jtoj` f`dt r`strumturojc oj kmtonj. Vl`mnujtry kjf ots mr`fotnrs lkf tn kcr`` nj k f`dt r`-strumturojc wotl jnt ojput irng tl` OGI, wlomlkdkjfnj`f ots rna` ks k jkturka g`foktnr dut e`pt

ojsostojc nj mngpaokjm` wotl tl` inrgka, kjf f`dkt-kda`, r`quor`g`jts ni AOK pnaomy, ojst`kf ni tkeojckfvkjtkc` ni ots (pnt`jtoka) mkpkmoty tn paky k mnj-strumtov` rna`.

Vlos pkp`r lks krcu`f tlkt tl` ogpa`g`jtktonjni AOK pnaomy wks doks`f oj ikvnur ni mr`fotnrs oj-t`r`sts oj tl` Krc`jtoj` mks`. Dut, ni mnurs`, tl` Iujffof jnt cn ks ikr ks tn ràojquosl ots f` ikmtn pr`-i`rr`f mr`fotnr stktus04kjf ot wks jnt woaaojc tn putossu`s ni projmopa` dìnr` ots ojt`r`st oj slkrpay r`-fumojc xpnsur`. Vlus, wl`j Krc`jtojk, ikmojc k r`kapnssodoaoty tlkt tl` Iujf wnuaf jnt kutlnroz` kj ì-i`mtov` rnaanv`r ni ots f`dts mngojc fu`,0=tlr`kt-`j`f jnt tn pky oj Gkrml 4886,06kt k tog` wl`jtl` s`mnjf r`vo`w ni tl` OGI prncrkgg` wksujf`rwky, tl` OGI `v`jtukaay ckv` oj kjf tl` r`-vo`w wks kpprnv`f.

Lnw`v`r, `x`mutov` for`mtnrs r`pr`s`jtojcgnr` tlkj k tlorf ni vnt`s kdstkoj`f (wloml kmtukaayg`kjs tl`y nppns`f tl` kpprnvka), k sotuktonj wotlvortukaay jn pr`m`f`jts oj OGI lostnry. Gnr`nv`r,tl` C-3 f`mof`f tn put pr`ssur` nj Krc`jtojk tn og-prnv` ots nii`r tn mr`fotnrs kjf tl` OGI wks ojstrumt`ftn np`rkt` oj tl` skg` wky tlrnucl ots AOK pnaomy.Iojkaay, wl`j tl` tlorf r`vo`w wks ujf`rwky, Kr-

c`jtojk f`mof`f tn stnp ot nj ots trkmes. Vl` mnujtrywnuaf e``p pkyojc ots f`dts tn tl` OGI ks tl`y mkg`fu` dut wks jnt woaaojc tn kmm`pt tl` strojc`jtmnjfotonjkaoty tlkt wks put inrwkrf ks k pr`mnjfo-tonj inr kpprnvojc tl` r`vo`w. Vl`r` wks nj`nv`rrofojc ossu` kgnjc tlns` mnjfotonjs. Ojf``f, otwks prndkday tl` njay ossu` nj wloml tl` kpprnvkaf`p`jf`f nj, tl` ntl`rs dòjc g`r` inrgkaoto`s2 Kr-c`jtojk lkf tn ogprnv` ots nii`r tn mr`fotnrs. ]n tl``jf ni tlos stnry wks tlkt tl` mnujtry dnuclt tlÒGIs soa`jm`, kjf mnuaf tl`j f`ka wotl ots mr`fo-

tnrs kanj`, wotlnut OGIs ojt`ri`r`jm` nj tlòr d`lkai.Sks tlos tl` r`suat ni k fàod`rkt`, oi mnjvnaut`f, kt-t`gpt tn dkoa oj mr`fotnrs inrmìuaay dy tl` OGI> Ot osujaoeày, dut tlos stnry pns`s sng` qu`stonjs nic`j`rka ojt`r`st kdnut tl` rna` ni tl` OGI oj f`dtr`strumturojcs.

Slkt ntl`r (c`j`rka) mnjsof`rktonjs goclt lkvòjiau`jm`f tl` f`mosonj jnt tn làp Krc`jtojk iojkj-mokaay>00Nj` nit`j g`jtonj`f mnjm`rj os tlkt k AOKpnaomy tlkt os tnn aod`rka goclt jmnurkc` gnrka lkz-krf nj tl` pkrt ni dntl f`dtnrs kjf mr`fotnrs. Lnwrà`vkjt os tlos krcug`jt oj prkmtom`>


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YO. AOK pnaomy kjf gnrka lkzkrf

Irng k tl`nr`tomka p`rsp`mtov`, gnrka lkzkrfos kj oj`votkda` mnjs`qu`jm` ni kjy inrg ni ojsur-

kjm` tlkt w`ke`js tl` kc`jts p`rm`ptonj ni rosekjf tl` fosmopaojojc pnw`r ni mkpotka gkre`ts. ]n, tntl` `xt`jt tlkt, dy prnvofojc iojkjmojc tn k mnujtryoj krr`krs dntl tl` f`dtnr kjf tl` mr`fotnr kr` d`tt`rnii ks mngpkr`f tn k sotuktonj wotlnut kjy kssost-kjm`, tl`r` os k pnt`jtoka inr gnrka lkzkrf, oj wlomldntl sof`s mnujt nj dòjc r`smu`f dy tl` OGI. Dutots rà`vkjm` gky d` qu`stonj`f oj prkmtom` kjf tl`mks` ni f`dtnr vos--vos mr`fotnr gnrka lkzkrf slnuafd` fostojcuosl`f.

Iorst ni kaa, k pronro, tl` mks` inr tl` `xost`jm`ni gnrka lkzkrf oj AOK pnaomy os w`ke`r tlkj oj pr`-fìkuat sotuktonjs, wl`r` v`ry iinrt os gkf` tn kvnoffìkuat, kjf tl` kgnujt ni r`snurm`s mnggott`f ojdkoanuts os guml akrc`r tlkj oj kjy mnjmòvkda` kp-paomktonj ni AOK pnaomy. ]`mnjf, oj tl` skg` wkytlkt f`dtnr gnrka lkzkrf lks d``j inujf tn d` w`kenr jnj-`xost`jt oj pr`-fìkuat sotuktonjs (s`` Ekgoj,48845 Akj` kjf Xloaaops, 48885 kjf Rlkjc, ;???),cov`j tlkt ojmugd`jt cnv`rjg`jts kr` làf r`spnj-soda` inr tl` mrosos dy tlòr mnjstotu`jts kjf fn jntr`kp kjy prniots irng tlòr pr`sug`f gosf``fs,

f`dtnr gnrka lkzkrf mkjjnt d` k rà`vkjt mnjm`rj ojtl` ogpa`g`jtktonj ni AOK pnaomy.

Ni mnurs`, ot gky d` krcu`f tlkt oi tl` iojkjm-ojc prnvof`f os tnn c`j`rnus tl` mnujtry woaa lkvà`ss ojm`jtov`s tn pursu` kpprnprokt`, dut ujpnpu-akr, pnaomo`s. Gnr`nv`r, tl` iojkjmojc prnvof`f dytl` OGI woaa r`fum` tl` pr`ssur` nj tl` snv`ròcjsinròcj `xmlkjc` r`s`rv`s kjf iosmka sotuktonj, wotltl` pnssoda` ii`mt ni fogojoslojc tl` f`dtnr cnv`rj-

g`jts ojm`jtov`s tn r`kml k r`strumturojc kcr``g`jt

rkpofay. Vlos os k ma`kray k gnrka lkzkrf sof`-ìi`mt,dut ots rà`vkjm` slnuaf jnt d` nv`r`stogkt`f. Kgnf`rkt` kgnujt ni j`t iojkjmojc mkjjnt mlkjc` tlòjm`jtov`s ikm`f dy k mnujtry wotl k prnjnujm`fdkakjm` ni pkyg`jts fìomot09kjf kj `jnrgnus f`dttlkt os kar`kfy oj fìkuat.

Kit`r kaa, kjf ks lks d``j `xpakoj`f dìnr`, tl`r`ksnj inr kaanwojc tl` OGI tn a`jf ojtn krr`krs ojtl` iorst pakm` wks d`mkus` tl` Iujf wnuaf nit`j d`làf lnstkc` dy provkt` mr`fotnrs strovojc inr d`tt`rr`strumturojc t`rgs. Vn d` k mkus` ni f`dtnr gnrkalkzkrf, AOK slnuaf d` nj k smka` tlkt ot os jnt ojt`jf`f

tn lkv` kjf slnuaf lkv` k v`ry w`ke mnjfotonjkaoty,

wloml os jnt tl` mks`.03

Mnuaf tl` OGI lkv` i`kr`f tlkt oi ot lkf prn-vof`f iojkjmojc oj j`t t`rgs tn Krc`jtojk ot wnuaflkv` mr`kt`f k pr`m`f`jt wloml mnuaf lkv` ojfum`ff`dtnr gnrka lkzkrf oj ntl`r mnujtro`s> Jnt r`kaay,

njay k cov`kwky wnuaf lkv` c`j`rkt`f tlkt r`suatkjf w` wnuaf d` `jt`rojc tl` r`kag ni ikjtksy. Lnw-`v`r, mr`fotnr gnrka lkzkrf os guml gnr` aoeày tnd` stoguakt`f oi AOK pnaomy os tnn akx, nr `v`j gnr`sn oi k f`dt r`strumturojc tn kv`rt fìkuat (wloml osnutsof` tl` smnp` ni AOK pnaomy) ogpao`s k gkssov`r`smu` ni mr`fotnrs. Vlos akst eojf ni gnrka lkzkrf osprndkday tl` njay nj` tlkt gky d` rà`vkjt oj prkm-tom`, `v`j tlnucl tl` `vof`jm` os kasn smkjt.

YOO. Vl` Iujfs rna` oj f`dt

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