G t W iti fGrant Writing for Success...G t W iti fGrant Writing for Success HldIPlPhDHarold I. Perl,...
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G t W iti fGrant Writing for SuccessSuccess
H ld I P l Ph DHarold I. Perl, Ph.D.NIDA
Michael A. Sesma, Ph.D.NIMHNIMH
with inspiration from Coelho, Sorensen, Frascella & Levitin
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“Anatomy” of Grant Process“Anatomy” of Grant Process
Program StaffProgram Staff ProgramProgramResearcherResearcher
AnnouncementAnnouncementor RFAor RFA
IdId
CollaboratorsCollaborators
Grant ApplicationGrant Application(R01 R03 R21(R01 R03 R21ev
isio
nev
isio
nev
isio
nev
isio
n IdeaIdeaInstitutionInstitution
(R01, R03, R21,(R01, R03, R21,K01, K08, etc.)K01, K08, etc.)
$$
Re
Re
Re
Re
NationalNationalAdvisoryAdvisoryProgram StaffProgram Staff
CSRCSRReferralReferral
CouncilCouncilProgram Staff Program Staff ReferralReferral
and Review and Review
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Urban Myth of GrantsmanshipUrban Myth of GrantsmanshipUrban Myth of GrantsmanshipUrban Myth of Grantsmanship
It is not a process by which bad ideas getIt is not a process by which bad ideas get transformed into good ones …
rather it is more often the … rather, it is more often the case of a good idea disguised as a bad onebad one.
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Wh t D t i Whi hWh t D t i Whi hWhat Determines Which What Determines Which Grants Are Funded?Grants Are Funded?Grants Are Funded?Grants Are Funded?
•• Scientific meritScientific merit•• Scientific meritScientific merit
Program considerationsProgram considerations•• Program considerationsProgram considerations
A il bilit f f dA il bilit f f d•• Availability of fundsAvailability of funds
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Components of a SuccessfulComponents of a SuccessfulComponents of a SuccessfulComponents of a SuccessfulGrant Application Grant Application –– Bottom Line!Bottom Line!
•• Strong IdeaStrong Ideagg
•• Strong ScienceStrong Science•• Strong ScienceStrong Science
•• Strong ApplicationStrong Application
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Principles of SuccessPrinciples of SuccessPrinciples of SuccessPrinciples of SuccessUnderstand the agency mission– Every IC is different!
Secure collaborators (mentors) to ( )complement your expertise and experience– Don’t compete … collaborate!Don t compete … collaborate!
Learn and practice the skills of writing applications for grant fundsapplications for grant fundsUnderstand the peer review processTake control of your life and career!
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Understanding the MissionUnderstanding the MissionUnderstanding the MissionUnderstanding the Mission
Mission of each NIH IC is based andMission of each NIH IC is based and defined in law
Authorizations (periodic)– Authorizations (periodic)– Appropriations (annual)
IC t bli h ifi h hICs establish specific research emphases– Legislative mission– Current state of science
Use the Web to find out!
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www nih govwww.nih.gov
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www nida nih govwww.nida.nih.gov
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The MissionThe Mission
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The Mission
News, News, Highlights &Highlights &Highlights, & Highlights, & Health InfoHealth InfoReflect the Reflect the Mi iMi iMission Mission PrioritiesPrioritieswww.nimh.nih.gov
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Funds go to research prioritiesFunds go to research priorities
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www nih govwww.nih.gov
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grants1.nih.gov/grants/oer.htm
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grants1.nih.gov/grants/guidegrants1.nih.gov/grants/guide
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grants1 nih gov/grants/guide/listserv htmgrants1.nih.gov/grants/guide/listserv.htm
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CRISPCRISPComputer Retrieval of Information on Scientific ProjectsProjectsSearchable database of federally supported biomedical researchbiomedical research Locate experienced NIH-funded investigators in your area of interestyour area of interest
• Potential mentors/collaboratorsIdentify IC(s) that fund research you want to doIdentify IC(s) that fund research you want to doAnalyze current IC portfolio
• Research areas with few funded projectsResearch areas with few funded projects• Research areas with many funded projects
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crisp.cit.nih.gov
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Application Development Strategy
Act (Plan)Act (Plan)
ThinkThink
WriteWrite
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So WHY Plan?So WHY Plan?So WHY Plan?So WHY Plan?
You’re more likely to getYou re more likely to get …Good concept and a compelling scientific questionquestionAppropriate NIH InstituteAppropriate review committeeAdequate time to complete q p– A major stress reducer!
A better grant applicationA better grant application
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PrePre--Submission Planning Submission Planning TimelineTimeline
call NIH
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RememberRemember Before you startBefore you startRemember … Remember … Before you startBefore you start
Talk to Program staff at appropriate ICTalk to Program staff at appropriate ICRead instructions for application form
SF 424 R & R PHS 398– SF 424 R & R or PHS 398Know your audience – Which review committee is most likely to get
your application?Propose research about which you are passionate and totally committed to doing
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Are You a “New Investigator”?Are You a “New Investigator”?Are You a New Investigator ?Are You a New Investigator ?NIH fosters research independence of early career investigatorsDefinition: Has not previously served as PI p yon any PHS grant – Except for R03, R15, R21 or mentored K awardsp , ,
Get special considerations during peer review and IC funding decisionsreview and IC funding decisionsResource web site with further information
grants1.nih.gov/grants/new_investigators
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The Formula for Writing a The Formula for Writing a Successful Grant ApplicationSuccessful Grant ApplicationSuccessful Grant ApplicationSuccessful Grant Application
42√X 63 7β 29ZY2 $42√X + 63.7β + 29ZY2 = $
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Good IdeaGood IdeaGood IdeaGood Idea
Does it address an important problem?Will scientific knowledge be advanced?Does it build upon or expand current p pknowledge?Is it feasibleIs it feasible …– to implement?
to investigate?– to investigate?
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Good GrantsmanshipGood GrantsmanshipGood GrantsmanshipGood Grantsmanship
Grant writing is a learned skill– Writing grant applications standard operating– Writing grant applications, standard operating
protocols and manuals of procedures that get approved are learned skills pp
– Writing manuscripts that get published in peer reviewed journals is a learned skill
Grantsmanship is a full time job– Learn about the grant application processLearn about the grant application process
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Good GrantsmanshipGood GrantsmanshipGood GrantsmanshipGood Grantsmanship
Knowing what to do and how to do itBeing willing to do what is necessaryBeing willing to do what is necessaryDoing what is necessaryUnderstanding the institute and missionUnderstanding peer review processg p p
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Good GrantsmanshipGood GrantsmanshipGood GrantsmanshipGood Grantsmanship
Contact NIH program staff earlyAssess IC interest & “goodness of fit”Assess IC interest & goodness of fitAre there related FOAs?S hi b it i d t t b tSearching web sites is good start … but follow up with personal contactSend a 2 – 3 page concept paper
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Good GrantsmanshipGood GrantsmanshipGood GrantsmanshipGood GrantsmanshipWhat’s a Concept Paper?
Facilitates productive discussion with Program Official
Study GoalsStudy Goals– You want support from which IC to do what?
Problem/Background– Why does this topic need study?
Significance – Why this is important to the field?
Research QuestionWh t h th ill t t?– What hypotheses will you test?
Design/Analysis – What study design and statistical approach do you propose?
TeamTeam – Who will be the key participants and collaborators?
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Good GrantsmanshipGood GrantsmanshipGood GrantsmanshipGood Grantsmanship
Collaborate with other investigatorsinvestigators– Fill gaps in your expertise
and trainingand training– Add critical skills to your
team“Team Science” is the new direction
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Multiple Principal Multiple Principal InvestigatorsInvestigators
Si l PI d l d t l k llSingle PI model does not always work well for multi-disciplinary, collaborative researchRecognizes contributions of full teamIn place for most submissions to Grants.govp gImplications for “New Investigator” statusA complex issue Talk to your NIH programA complex issue – Talk to your NIH program contact if you consider multiple PIs !
grants1.nih.gov/grants/multi_pi
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Good GrantsmanshipGood GrantsmanshipGood GrantsmanshipGood Grantsmanship
N t ll ll b tiNot all collaborations require Multiple PIsSingle PIs can still do multi-disciplinary team science
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Good GrantsmanshipGood GrantsmanshipGood GrantsmanshipGood Grantsmanship
Show your draft application to a colleague
Show your draft application to a colleague who does not already know what youwho does not already know what you intend to do
Show your draft application to a colleague who is not your best friendwho is not your best friend
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Good GrantsmanshipGood GrantsmanshipGood GrantsmanshipGood Grantsmanship
Your draft reviewers need to understand– What you intend to doWhat you intend to do– Why you believe it is important to do – Exactly how you are going to do itExactly how you are going to do it
If they don’t get it, you must revise your applicationapplicationLeave enough time to make revisions
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Good PresentationGood PresentationGood PresentationGood Presentation
3 Simple Steps:
Read the application instructions carefullyRead the application instructions carefullypp yDon’t forget …
read the application instructions carefully... read the application instructions carefully
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Good PresentationGood PresentationGood PresentationGood Presentation
Title– Captures the essence of goals and objectives– Captures the essence of goals and objectives
AbstractConcise presentation of the project– Concise presentation of the project
– Statement of significance – Hypotheses and research questions– Hypotheses and research questions– Methods and analyses
Some reviewers may see only theseSome reviewers may see only these
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Application TitleApplication TitleApplication TitleApplication Title
Clear and descriptiveClear and descriptiveClear and descriptiveClear and descriptive
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Application TitleApplication TitleApplication TitleApplication Title
Clear and descriptiveClear and descriptiveClear and descriptiveClear and descriptive
Hooks the reader!
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AbstractAbstractAbstractAbstract
Presents the big picturePresents the big picturePresents the big picturePresents the big picture
Concisely!Concisely!Concisely!Concisely!… Concisely!… Concisely!… Concisely!… Concisely!
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Ab t tAb t tAbstractAbstract
… is a 2… is a 2ndnd “Hook” “Hook” ---- another another opportunity to grab the readeropportunity to grab the reader… is a 2… is a 2ndnd “Hook” “Hook” ---- another another opportunity to grab the readeropportunity to grab the readeropportunity to grab the readeropportunity to grab the readeropportunity to grab the readeropportunity to grab the reader
If reviewers are not excited about If reviewers are not excited about your application after reading the your application after reading the abstractabstractabstract…abstract…
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Good PresentationGood PresentationGood PresentationGood Presentation
Organize the Research Plan to answer 4 essential questions:essential questions:
What do you intend to do?
Why is the work important?
What has already been done?
How are you going to do the work?How are you going to do the work?
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Developing a Strong ResearchDeveloping a Strong ResearchDeveloping a Strong Research Developing a Strong Research PlanPlan
Specific Aims
Grab the reader immediatelyGrab the reader immediately
State long-term objectivesg j
Explicit hypotheses and research tiquestions
Keep the hypotheses limitedp yp
Concise outline of entire project
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Developing a Strong ResearchDeveloping a Strong ResearchDeveloping a Strong Research Developing a Strong Research PlanPlan
Background and SignificanceBackground and Significance
Why is this research important?
Expands on the specific aims
Identifies key themes of literature and links to specific aims
Critically analyzes existing literature
Documents solid theoretical basis for your study
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Developing a Strong ResearchDeveloping a Strong ResearchDeveloping a Strong Research Developing a Strong Research PlanPlan
Preliminary Studies/Progress ReportHow previous work -- by you your teamHow previous work -- by you, your team, and others -- leads to this study
D t t i tDemonstrate your experience, competence and likelihood of continued success
Must flow logically from literature review and major themes of the problem area
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Developing a Strong ResearchDeveloping a Strong ResearchDeveloping a Strong Research Developing a Strong Research PlanPlan
Research Design and MethodsResearch Design and MethodsStart with overview of research design and hypotheses (if appropriate)hypotheses (if appropriate)
Be explicit and thorough in discussing – intervention or system to be studied
– target population
– inclusion and exclusion criteria
– independent and dependent variables
– all measures and instruments
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Developing a Strong ResearchDeveloping a Strong ResearchDeveloping a Strong Research Developing a Strong Research PlanPlan
Research Design and Methods (cont )Research Design and Methods (cont.)Does your plan flow logically from the lit t i d i t di ?literature review and prior studies?How will each hypothesis be evaluated?Do your measures capture the variables needed to test hypotheses?needed to test hypotheses? Why did you choose those measures?M th d d l t t hMethods and analyses must match
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Developing a Strong ResearchDeveloping a Strong ResearchDeveloping a Strong Research Developing a Strong Research PlanPlan
Research Design and Methods (cont )Research Design and Methods (cont.)Power analysis is clear and appropriate to th h ti ( d ff t i )the research questions (and effect size)How will you deal with attrition and missing data?Acknowledge the weaknesses andAcknowledge the weaknesses and compromises in your designExplain any unusual statistical proceduresExplain any unusual statistical procedures– Be sure that you know how to do them
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Developing a Strong ResearchDeveloping a Strong ResearchDeveloping a Strong Research Developing a Strong Research PlanPlan
S C MiSome Common Miscues:
Failure to …Document why the problem is important
Distinguish empirical findings from speculation
Critically analyze key themes in literatureCritically analyze key themes in literature
Consider alternative perspectives
Read, understand, and cite the crucial studies
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Good PresentationGood PresentationGood PresentationGood Presentation
Address the 5 review criteria
Significance
ApproachApproach
Innovation
Investigator
EnvironmentEnvironment
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Good PresentationGood PresentationGood PresentationGood Presentation
SIGNIFICANCED thi t d dd i t tDoes this study address an important problem? If the aims are achieved, how will scientific knowledge be advanced? What will be the effect on concepts or methods that drive this field?
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Good PresentationGood PresentationGood PresentationGood Presentation
APPROACHA th t l f k d iAre the conceptual framework, design, methods, and analyses adequately d l d ll i t t d ddeveloped, well-integrated, and appropriate to the aims of the project?Does the applicant acknowledge potential problem areas and consider alternatives?
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Good PresentationGood PresentationGood PresentationGood Presentation
INNOVATIOND th j t l l tDoes the project employ novel concepts, approaches or methods? Are the aims original and innovative? Does the project challenge existing p j g gparadigms or develop new methodologies or technologies? g g
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Good PresentationGood PresentationGood PresentationGood Presentation
INVESTIGATORAre the investigators appropriately trained andAre the investigators appropriately trained and well suited to carry out this work? Is the work proposed appropriate to the experience level of the principal investigator and other researchers? Does the investigative team bringDoes the investigative team bring complementary and integrated expertise to the project (if applicable)?p j ( pp )
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Good PresentationGood PresentationGood PresentationGood Presentation
ENVIRONMENTDoes the scientific environment in which theDoes the scientific environment in which the work will be done contribute to the probability of success?probability of success? Do the proposed experiments take advantage of unique features of theadvantage of unique features of the scientific environment or employ useful collaborative arrangements?collaborative arrangements? Is there evidence of institutional support?
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Good PresentationGood PresentationGood PresentationGood Presentation
Provide well-focused research planKeep specific aims simple … and specificLink hypotheses to specific aimsLink hypotheses to specific aimsExplain method to test every hypothesisDon’t wander from the main themeA conceptual model can clarify ideasA conceptual model can clarify ideas
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Good PresentationGood PresentationGood PresentationGood Presentation
Be realistic … not overly ambitiousDiscuss potential problem areas Discuss possible solutionsDiscuss possible solutions– Explain rationale for your decisions
Be explicitBe explicitReviewers cannot read your mind … Don’t assume they know what you intend
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Good PresentationGood PresentationGood PresentationGood Presentation
Prepare a reviewer-friendly applicationB ll i d d lBe well organized and clear
Use logical transitions between sectionsg
Add section headings -- major and minor
Make tables and figures easy to view
Eliminate all mispeelings and type-O’sEliminate all mispeelings and type O s
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Good PresentationGood PresentationGood PresentationGood Presentation
Prepare a reviewer-friendly applicationB ll i d d lBe well organized and clear
Use logical transitions between sectionsg
Add section headings -- major and minor
Make tables and figures easy to view
Eliminate all misspellings and typo’sEliminate all misspellings and typo s
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Actual Reviewer CommentsActual Reviewer CommentsActual Reviewer Comments Actual Reviewer Comments YouYou Really Don’t Want to SeeReally Don’t Want to See
“This application is characterized by ideas that are both original andideas that are both original and scientifically important…
…unfortunately the ideas that are scientifically important are not originalscientifically important are not original and the ideas that are original are not
scientifically important ”scientifically important.
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Actual Reviewer CommentsActual Reviewer CommentsActual Reviewer Comments Actual Reviewer Comments YouYou Really Don’t Want to SeeReally Don’t Want to See
“In addition to proposing a researchIn addition to proposing a research design that is a fishing expedition …
… the application also proposes to use… the application also proposes to use every type of bait and piece of tackle ever known to mankind.”ever known to mankind.
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More Reviewer CommentsMore Reviewer Comments YouYouMore Reviewer Comments More Reviewer Comments YouYouWant to AvoidWant to Avoid
There is not a clear hypothesis …
The specific aims do not test the hypothesis…p yp
The specific aims depend on results from previous aims…p
The proposal is overly ambitious…
It’ t l th i ti t d thIt’s not clear the investigator can do the proposed experiments…
P li i d t i l kiPreliminary data is lacking…
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More Reviewer CommentsMore Reviewer Comments YouYouMore Reviewer Comments More Reviewer Comments YouYouWant to AvoidWant to Avoid
The studies are more descriptive than mechanistic…
The Background section is missing key publications and experimental findings…
Alternative approaches or interpretation of data are inadequately described…
E i t l d t il l ki h tExperimental details are lacking or have not been adequately described…
This is not the appropriate grant mechanismThis is not the appropriate grant mechanism…
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Good ReviewGood ReviewGood ReviewGood Review
Increase your chances of a good review
Make sure your application presents wellM k li ti t thMake sure your application goes to the right review group*Try to keep your reviewers happy
* Consult with Program Officer
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Good ReviewGood ReviewGood ReviewGood Review
Get to the right review groupTitle abstract specific aims all point to theTitle, abstract, specific aims all point to the main goals of your projectAtt h l ttAttach a cover letter – suggest IC and review group assignment*– outline areas of key expertise needed for
appropriate reviewf– do not name specific reviewers
* Consult with Program Officer
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Good ReviewGood ReviewGood ReviewGood Review
Keep your reviewers happyReviewers work late at night Help them stay alert and interested p yMake your application easy to read and easy to understandeasy to understandConvince them to advocate for your idea
G t th id !– Get them on your side!
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Good LuckGood LuckGood LuckGood Luck
Results from:Good Ideas Good GrantsmanshippGood Presentation Good ReviewGood Review
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What will make your grantWhat will make your grantWhat will make your grant What will make your grant application experience application experience
most unpleasant? most unpleasant? Failure to take care of things th t d t lthat are under your control
This will lead to needless frustrationThis will lead to needless frustration and lack of success
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BeBe PPROACTIVEROACTIVEBe Be PPROACTIVEROACTIVE
PPLAN AheadLAN Ahead
PPPPLAN AheadLAN Ahead
Be Be PPERSISTENTERSISTENTPPBe Be PPERSUASIVEERSUASIVE
Don’t Forget to talk with Don’t Forget to talk with PP OOyour your PPROGRAM ROGRAM OOFFICERFFICER
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“Anatomy” of Grant Process“Anatomy” of Grant Process
Program StaffProgram Staff ProgramProgramResearcherResearcher
AnnouncementAnnouncementor RFAor RFA
IdId
CollaboratorsCollaborators
Grant ApplicationGrant Application(R01 R03 R21(R01 R03 R21ev
isio
nev
isio
nev
isio
nev
isio
n IdeaIdeaInstitutionInstitution
(R01, R03, R21,(R01, R03, R21,K01, K08, etc.)K01, K08, etc.)
$$
Re
Re
Re
Re
NationalNationalAdvisoryAdvisoryProgram StaffProgram Staff
CSRCSRReferralReferral
CouncilCouncilProgram Staff Program Staff ReferralReferral
and Review and Review
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Ten Simple Rules toTen Simple Rules to remember when planning, p gwriting and submitting your
applicationapplication
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Rule #1Rule #1
DO NOT write the application for Yourselffor Yourself
Unless you are going to fund it lfyourself
You MUST convince the entire review committee
and the funding agency
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Rule #2 STUDY SECTIONS DO NOT
FUND APPLICATIONS!FUND APPLICATIONS!
INSTITUTES FUNDINSTITUTES FUNDAPPLICATIONS!
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Rule #3Rule #3
You must Excite the reviewers and the funding agency
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Rule #4Rule #4
Reviewers are never wrong,Reviewers are never right;Reviewers are never right;they simply provide an assessmentthey simply provide an assessment
of material that you provided in your applicationin your application
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Rule #5Rule #5
Comments in the summary statement are never aboutstatement are never about
you as a person.y pThe comments are about the material h id d i li ithat you provided in your application
and the way in which you provided the i f tiinformation
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Rule #6Rule #6
The comments in the summary statement only list some of thestatement only list some of the weaknesses …. not all of the
kweaknesses.When you revise your application useWhen you revise your application use the time as an opportunity to improve the entire applicationthe entire application.
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Rule #7Always contact NIH staff before
Rule #7Always contact NIH staff before you submit an application and preferably when you are in the planning stagesplanning stages.
M k th t i lf dMake sure that you give yourself and the NIH staffer enough time to work
ith t thwith together.
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Rule #8Rule #8
Focus Your Applicationpp
State a Clear HypothesisState a Clear Hypothesis,Make sure the Specific Aims
T t Y H th iTest Your Hypothesis
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Rule #9P M h i ti
Rule #9 Propose Mechanistic, Scientifically-RelevantScientifically-Relevant
Experimentsp
that will clearly and significantlythat will clearly and significantly address an important research
questionquestion
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Rule #10Rule #10
Secure a Mentor(s)Who can provide advice andWho can provide advice and
guidance
Secure a Collaborator(s)Who can provide needed experimental expertisep p
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More Web ResourcesMore Web Resources
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Funding OpportunitiesFunding OpportunitiesFunding OpportunitiesFunding Opportunities
Sites with important information:Sites with important information:
http://grants.nih.gov/grants/index.cfmhttp://grants.nih.gov/grants/index.cfm
http://grants.nih.gov/grants/welcome.htm#introductionhttp://grants.nih.gov/grants/welcome.htm#introductionhttp://grants.nih.gov/grants/welcome.htm#introductionhttp://grants.nih.gov/grants/welcome.htm#introduction
http://deainfo.nci.nih.gov/funding.htmhttp://deainfo.nci.nih.gov/funding.htm
http://deainfo nci nih gov/extra/extdocs/grantrevprocess htmhttp://deainfo nci nih gov/extra/extdocs/grantrevprocess htmhttp://deainfo.nci.nih.gov/extra/extdocs/grantrevprocess.htmhttp://deainfo.nci.nih.gov/extra/extdocs/grantrevprocess.htm
http://www.niaid.nih.gov/ncn/grants/default.htmhttp://www.niaid.nih.gov/ncn/grants/default.htm
http://www.niaid.nih.gov/ncn/grants/charts/default.htmhttp://www.niaid.nih.gov/ncn/grants/charts/default.htm
http://www.niaid.nih.gov/ncn/glossary/default.htmhttp://www.niaid.nih.gov/ncn/glossary/default.htm
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grants1.nih.gov/grants/grant_tips.htm
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grants.nih.gov/grants/glossary.htm
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http://www3.cancer.gov/admin/gab/links.htmhttp://www3.cancer.gov/admin/gab/links.htm
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deainfo.nci.nih.gov/consumer.htm
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deainfo.nci.nih.gov/extra/extdocs/gntapp.htm
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www.niaid.nih.gov/ncn/grants/
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http://era.nih.gov/
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https://commons era nih gov/commons/https://commons.era.nih.gov/commons/
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http://era.nih.gov/virtualschool/http://era.nih.gov/virtualschool/
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grants2.nih.gov/grants/policy/nihgps_2003
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grants2.nih.gov/grants/policy/nihgps_2003
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http://era.nih.gov/ElectronicReceipt/
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Office of Extramural Researchhttp://grants.nih.gov/grants/oer.htm
New “Parent” FOA page added forNew “Parent” FOA page added for quick reference to unsolicited applications.
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http://grants.nih.gov/grants/guide/index.html
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http://grants.nih.gov/grants/guide/parent_announcements.htm
S l h FOA bSelect the FOA number to open the announcement.
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eSubmissioneSubmissionAutomated Training TutorialsAutomated Training TutorialsAutomated Training TutorialsAutomated Training Tutorials
––eRA Commons RegistrationeRA Commons Registration––Completing an Application Package Completing an Application Package Completing an Application Package Completing an Application Package
(Grants.gov)(Grants.gov)––Find & Download a Funding OpportunityFind & Download a Funding Opportunity––Check Submission Status & View Check Submission Status & View
Assembled Application (PI & SO Assembled Application (PI & SO versions)versions)versions)versions)
era nih gov/ElectronicReceipt/training htmera.nih.gov/ElectronicReceipt/training.htm
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eSubmissioneSubmissionFrequently Asked Questions Frequently Asked Questions era.nih.gov/ElectronicReceipt/faq.htmera.nih.gov/ElectronicReceipt/faq.htmAvoiding Common Errors Avoiding Common Errors era nih gov/ElectronicReceipt/avoiding errorsera nih gov/ElectronicReceipt/avoiding errorsera.nih.gov/ElectronicReceipt/avoiding_errors.era.nih.gov/ElectronicReceipt/avoiding_errors.htmhtmPresentations, Quick Reference Materials, Brochures, Presentations, Quick Reference Materials, Brochures, DropDrop--in newsletter articles in newsletter articles era.nih.gov/ElectronicReceipt/communication.era.nih.gov/ElectronicReceipt/communication.htmhtmhtmhtmTraining Videos, Videocast ArchivesTraining Videos, Videocast Archivesera.nih.gov/ElectronicReceipt/training.htmera.nih.gov/ElectronicReceipt/training.htmg p gg p g