From Trustee Georgia to Royal Georgia Georgia Studies Notes.
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Transcript of From Trustee Georgia to Royal Georgia Georgia Studies Notes.
From Trustee Georgia to From Trustee Georgia to Royal GeorgiaRoyal Georgia
Georgia Studies NotesGeorgia Studies Notes
Georgia’s BeginningsGeorgia’s Beginnings
Georgia began as a Trustee Colony Georgia began as a Trustee Colony with its original charter in 1732.with its original charter in 1732.
The Trustee Period lasted from 1733 The Trustee Period lasted from 1733 to 1752.to 1752.
Plans forCity of
Savannah
Trustee LeadersTrustee Leaders
James OglethorpeJames Oglethorpe21 trustees21 trusteesKing (George II) is ultimate authorityKing (George II) is ultimate authority
James Oglethorpe
GovernanceGovernance
King had ultimate authorityKing had ultimate authorityTrustees made regulations which had Trustees made regulations which had
to be obeyed by coloniststo be obeyed by colonists
King George II
Georgia’s Colonial BoundariesGeorgia’s Colonial Boundaries
All lands between the Altamaha and All lands between the Altamaha and Savannah Rivers west to the Pacific Savannah Rivers west to the Pacific OceanOcean
Boundaries in original charter
Land Ownership/DistributionLand Ownership/Distribution
Original colonists were given 50 Original colonists were given 50 acres of landacres of land
Colonists who could afford to pay Colonists who could afford to pay their way to Georgia were given 500 their way to Georgia were given 500 acresacres
Mulberry Tree
SlaverySlavery
Slavery was not allowed by the Slavery was not allowed by the Charter of 1732Charter of 1732
Charter of 1732
ReligionReligion
The original settlers were all The original settlers were all ProtestantsProtestants
Within a short period of time, Within a short period of time, Georgia also had Jewish settlers Georgia also had Jewish settlers
Christ Church in SavannahJohn Wesley
The ColonistsThe Colonists
Aside from original settlers who came Aside from original settlers who came on the Ann, many new settlers on the Ann, many new settlers arrived during the Trustee Period:arrived during the Trustee Period:
SalzburgersSalzburgersMoraviansMoraviansHighland ScotsHighland ScotsMalcontentsMalcontents
SalzburgersSalzburgers
Originated in Salzburg, GermanyOriginated in Salzburg, GermanyCame to Georgia because they were Came to Georgia because they were
expelled from Catholic Germany for expelled from Catholic Germany for being Protestantbeing Protestant
Settled in EbenezerSettled in EbenezerRelocated to New Ebenezer because Relocated to New Ebenezer because
of issue with the original landof issue with the original landOpposed to slaveryOpposed to slavery
New Ebenezer
Highland ScotsHighland Scots
Came to Georgia from ScotlandCame to Georgia from ScotlandSettled in Darien, GeorgiaSettled in Darien, GeorgiaRebuilt Fort King GeorgeRebuilt Fort King GeorgeOpposed to slaveryOpposed to slavery
Fort King George
MalcontentsMalcontents
Mainly composed of Scottish settlers near Mainly composed of Scottish settlers near SavannahSavannah
Arrived in Georgia by paying their own Arrived in Georgia by paying their own way, so they did not feel the same loyalty way, so they did not feel the same loyalty to James Oglethorpeto James Oglethorpe
Objected to three trustee rules:Objected to three trustee rules:Limits on land ownershipLimits on land ownershipLaw against slaveryLaw against slaveryLaw against rumLaw against rum
Felt these laws limited their Felt these laws limited their ability earn moneyability earn money
Cover of official protest
The Spanish Threat from The Spanish Threat from FloridaFlorida
In 1739, war broke out between In 1739, war broke out between England and SpainEngland and Spain
This gave Oglethorpe a good reason This gave Oglethorpe a good reason to invade Florida which was to invade Florida which was controlled by Spaincontrolled by Spain
2000 men (mainly Native Americans 2000 men (mainly Native Americans and settlers from GA & SC) and settlers from GA & SC) fought to take over Spanish fought to take over Spanish forts in Florida forts in Florida
War of Jenkin’s Ear
Spanish Threat continuedSpanish Threat continued
Not much progress was made until Not much progress was made until July 1742 in the Battle of Bloody July 1742 in the Battle of Bloody MarshMarsh
In this battle Highland Scots assisted In this battle Highland Scots assisted Oglethorpe’s forces. This surprise Oglethorpe’s forces. This surprise attack caught the Spanish forces off attack caught the Spanish forces off guard and was the beginning of a guard and was the beginning of a safe southern frontier for the British.safe southern frontier for the British.
Battle of Bloody Marsh
Spanish Threat continuedSpanish Threat continued
The Spanish eventually left the area The Spanish eventually left the area for good after a note was sent to a for good after a note was sent to a British deserter warning of an British deserter warning of an impending attack by arriving ships. impending attack by arriving ships. The arriving ships were actually The arriving ships were actually trading ships, but the Spanish trading ships, but the Spanish thought they would be outnumbered thought they would be outnumbered and gave up.and gave up.
Royal GeorgiaRoyal Georgia
Georgia’s Royal Period lasted from Georgia’s Royal Period lasted from 1752 - 17831752 - 1783
LeadersLeaders
John Reynolds – first royal governor John Reynolds – first royal governor (ineffective)(ineffective)
Henry Ellis – second royal governor Henry Ellis – second royal governor (established foundation for (established foundation for government)government)
James Wright – third royal governor James Wright – third royal governor (efficient and popular)(efficient and popular)
James Wright
JOHN REYNOLDS
1st Royal Governor
Elected October 1, 1754
Introduced the idea of self-government.
Why? Because he wanted the colonists to help run the government.
Governor Henry Ellis1757
A Thinking Man Political Accomplishment
Cooperation among various groupsSought the advice of colonists
Carolina Governor
EconomicalNew immigrantsEconomic prosperity
Left due to ill health
Georgia’s Third and Final Royal GovernorGeorgia’s Third and Final Royal Governor
Sir James Wright - 20 yearsBorn in South Carolina (colonist)Educated in Great Britain (King’s Man)
AccomplishmentsEconomicPoliticalDefenseEducation
Sir James Wright - 20 yearsBorn in South Carolina (colonist)Educated in Great Britain (King’s Man)
AccomplishmentsEconomicPoliticalDefenseEducation
GovernanceGovernance
King appointed governor & councilKing appointed governor & councilThere was a bi-cameral legislature There was a bi-cameral legislature
set up to represent the original set up to represent the original parishes in GAparishes in GA
Parish is a church and Parish is a church and governmentgovernment
Parishes
Georgia Becomes a Royal Colony
Georgia Becomes a Royal Colony
PROPRIETARY COLONY
One that was governed by a board of trustees.
Georgia was a proprietary colony until 1752.
21 original trustees. Including Oglethorpe.
PROPRIETARY COLONY
One that was governed by a board of trustees.
Georgia was a proprietary colony until 1752.
21 original trustees. Including Oglethorpe.
ROYAL COLONY
One that was governed by the king.
Georgia was a royal colony after 1752.
ROYAL COLONY
One that was governed by the king.
Georgia was a royal colony after 1752.
FRENCH AND INDIAN WARFRENCH AND INDIAN WAR
CAUSES1. GREED - countries wanted to
capture the most land in New World and control the treasures of the territory.
2. FEAR - countries feared that one country would gain more power than others.
Who was on each side?
FRANCE(with the help of the Western tribes)
Vs.
GREAT BRITAIN(with the help of the 6 tribes of the
Iroquois)
Hence the name…The French and Indian War
Tension BuildsWar Erupts
Tension BuildsWar Erupts
Ohio River Valley was being disputed. Virginia wanted this region for expansion.
Trade Disputes - British were trading with Native Americans that previously had only traded with the French.
Washington attacked at Ft. Necessity.Fort Duquesne replaced with Fort Pitt (Pittsburgh)
Ohio River Valley was being disputed. Virginia wanted this region for expansion.
Trade Disputes - British were trading with Native Americans that previously had only traded with the French.
Washington attacked at Ft. Necessity.Fort Duquesne replaced with Fort Pitt (Pittsburgh)
GEORGE WASHINGTONGEORGE WASHINGTON
22 year old land surveyor and captain Was sent to tell French to stay out of the
Ohio River Valley. Led 150 Virginia militia troops and built
Ft. Necessity. It was later attacked by the French and
Washington surrendered. Washington later made commander of
small Virginia force that had to protect a 300 mile front.
22 year old land surveyor and captain Was sent to tell French to stay out of the
Ohio River Valley. Led 150 Virginia militia troops and built
Ft. Necessity. It was later attacked by the French and
Washington surrendered. Washington later made commander of
small Virginia force that had to protect a 300 mile front.
BoundariesBoundaries
After the French & Indian War, the After the French & Indian War, the southern boundary was set to the St. southern boundary was set to the St. Mary’s River & the western boundary Mary’s River & the western boundary was set at the Mississippi Riverwas set at the Mississippi River
Land OwnershipLand Ownership
Determined right to voteDetermined right to voteTo vote, settlers had to own 50 acresTo vote, settlers had to own 50 acres
Determined right to hold officeDetermined right to hold officeTo be in office, settlers had to own 500 To be in office, settlers had to own 500
acresacres
SlaverySlavery
Allowed because the colonists were Allowed because the colonists were frustrated by the success of their frustrated by the success of their neighbors to the north who were neighbors to the north who were becoming prosperous under slaverybecoming prosperous under slavery
Slave ship
ReligionReligion
Puritans arrivedPuritans arrived
Puritan family
The ColonistsThe Colonists
New settlers from South Carolina and New settlers from South Carolina and the West Indies (who also brought the West Indies (who also brought slaves)slaves)
New settlers arrived after boundaries New settlers arrived after boundaries were expanded after the French & were expanded after the French & Indian WarIndian WarSome were considered undesirable Some were considered undesirable
(crackers)(crackers)
Georgia “crackers”