Georgia geography, Native American Georgia geography, Native American cultures, European explorations, Trustee cultures, European explorations, Trustee

and Royal time periodsand Royal time periods

SS8G1, SS8H1, SS8H2SS8G1, SS8H1, SS8H2

All notes must be hand-written to receive All notes must be hand-written to receive credit- only copy the numbered slides into credit- only copy the numbered slides into

your notes!your notes!

1. Georgia’s Geography1. Georgia’s Geography

Broken in to 5 regions:Broken in to 5 regions:– Blue Ridge Mountains (NE)Blue Ridge Mountains (NE)

Largest mountains (Brasstown Bald)Largest mountains (Brasstown Bald) Mining (gold)Mining (gold) Tourism Tourism

– Valley and RidgeValley and Ridge Open valleys, narrow ridges (important during Civil War)Open valleys, narrow ridges (important during Civil War)

– Appalachian Plateau (NW)Appalachian Plateau (NW) Smallest regionSmallest region TAG (TN, AL, GA) TAG (TN, AL, GA)

– Piedmont (middle)Piedmont (middle) Most populated (ATL, Athens, Augusta, etc.)Most populated (ATL, Athens, Augusta, etc.)

– Coastal Plains (3/5ths of the state)Coastal Plains (3/5ths of the state) Inner Coastal Plain- agricultureInner Coastal Plain- agriculture Outer Coastal Plain- Savannah area Outer Coastal Plain- Savannah area

2. The Fall Line 2. The Fall Line

Natural boundary Natural boundary between Piedmont & between Piedmont & Coastal PlainCoastal Plain

Hilly aboveHilly above Flat below Flat below

3. Okefenokee Swamp 3. Okefenokee Swamp

Largest freshwater Largest freshwater swamp in U.S. swamp in U.S.

Once home to Once home to Seminole Indians Seminole Indians

Now a wildlife refuge Now a wildlife refuge

4. Chattahoochee and Savannah 4. Chattahoochee and Savannah RiversRivers

Savannah River: natural boundary between Savannah River: natural boundary between GA and SCGA and SC

Chattahoochee: Flows throughout the state Chattahoochee: Flows throughout the state of GA: primary source of drinking water of GA: primary source of drinking water

5. Barrier Islands5. Barrier Islands

Protects GA from Protects GA from hurricanes (erosion)hurricanes (erosion)

Tybee, St. Simons, Tybee, St. Simons, Jekyll, etc. Jekyll, etc.

Spanish missionsSpanish missions plantations (rice & plantations (rice & indigo) indigo) tourism tourism

6. Native American cultures 6. Native American cultures

Paleo Paleo ArchaicArchaic

WoodlandWoodland Mississippian Mississippian

PPaleo aleo AAte te WWild ild MMammoth ammoth

7. Paleo 7. Paleo

12,000-8,000 BC12,000-8,000 BC

Oldest group- Oldest group- PREHISTORICPREHISTORIC

Completely nomadic Completely nomadic (followed their food)(followed their food)

Weapons: clovis points Weapons: clovis points

8. Archaic8. Archaic

8,000-1,000 BC…..Still prehistoric 8,000-1,000 BC…..Still prehistoric Technological advancements: Technological advancements:

– atlatlatlatl – AxeAxe– potterypottery

9. Woodland9. Woodland

1000 BC-750 CE1000 BC-750 CE Started settling:Started settling:

– First group to farmFirst group to farm– Lived in small villagesLived in small villages– Bow & arrowBow & arrow– First mound builders First mound builders

(religious ceremonies) (religious ceremonies)

10. Mississippian10. Mississippian

800 CE-1600 CE800 CE-1600 CE Most complex:Most complex:

– Large farmsLarge farms– Mound buildersMound builders– TradersTraders– ChiefdomsChiefdoms

11. Contact with Europe 11. Contact with Europe

Mississippians came in contact with European explorers:Mississippians came in contact with European explorers:– Hernando de Soto Hernando de Soto

Starved thousandsStarved thousands Slaughtered thousandsSlaughtered thousands DiseasesDiseases

12. Hernando de Soto 12. Hernando de Soto

Europeans were searching for:Europeans were searching for:

– GODGOD: spread Christianity (more $ and power): spread Christianity (more $ and power)

– GOLDGOLD: riches for themselves & their motherland: riches for themselves & their motherland

– GLORYGLORY: bragging rights over other countries- : bragging rights over other countries- conquistadors wanted fortune and fame conquistadors wanted fortune and fame

13. Hernando De Soto 13. Hernando De Soto

What they brought from Europe:What they brought from Europe:

– GODGOD: religions (which was FORCED on natives). Built : religions (which was FORCED on natives). Built Spanish MissionsSpanish Missions to convert natives to Christianity to convert natives to Christianity

– GUNSGUNS: hugely advanced technology: hugely advanced technology

– GERMSGERMS: ended Mississippian culture- smallpox and flu : ended Mississippian culture- smallpox and flu resulted in massive losses resulted in massive losses

14. Differing values14. Differing values

Biggest differences between Europeans and Biggest differences between Europeans and Native Americans: Native Americans:

– Belief in religion (nature vs. God)Belief in religion (nature vs. God)

– Belief in Belief in land ownershipland ownership Europeans believed you could own landEuropeans believed you could own land N.A.’s believed land belonged to everyoneN.A.’s believed land belonged to everyone

15. 3 Countries Compete 15. 3 Countries Compete

3 European countries:3 European countries:– FranceFrance

North (Canada) Concentrated on fur trade. Hugenots (French North (Canada) Concentrated on fur trade. Hugenots (French Protestants) found religious freedom in GA in 1680’sProtestants) found religious freedom in GA in 1680’s

– SpainSpain GA explorations failed….conquered & controlled Florida: GA explorations failed….conquered & controlled Florida:

founded Spanish missions (churches) in the Barrier Islandsfounded Spanish missions (churches) in the Barrier Islands

– EnglandEngland Wanted permanent colonies for tradeWanted permanent colonies for trade

16. Who won?16. Who won?

ENGLANDENGLAND– 1607: Jamestown, 1607: Jamestown,

Virginia Virginia

– Other colonies followed Other colonies followed (including GA) (including GA)

– Grew rice, tobacco, Grew rice, tobacco, indigo for Englandindigo for England

17. Mercantilism 17. Mercantilism

Export more than you importExport more than you import

Raw materials Raw materials sent to England for sent to England for production production finished products sold back to finished products sold back to colonistscolonists

EX: Trees cut down in colonies EX: Trees cut down in colonies made into made into furniture in England furniture in England sold back to colonists sold back to colonists

18. Mercantilism = $$$ for England 18. Mercantilism = $$$ for England

19. Mercantilism in action…19. Mercantilism in action… British investors wanted GA colonists to plant British investors wanted GA colonists to plant Mulberry treesMulberry trees

– Produce silk Produce silk – Global demandGlobal demand– Climate too hot for the trees to surviveClimate too hot for the trees to survive

– Failed attempt- turned to other cash cropsFailed attempt- turned to other cash crops

20. Our unofficial leader….20. Our unofficial leader….

James OglethorpeJames Oglethorpe (1696- (1696-1785)1785)– Member of British Parliament Member of British Parliament – IdealistIdealist: wanted to create a : wanted to create a

colony for ‘worthy poor’…..colony for ‘worthy poor’…..(never happened)(never happened)

– 1 of 21 Trustees that founded 1 of 21 Trustees that founded GAGA

– Worked WITH Native Worked WITH Native Americans Americans

21. The Charter of 173221. The Charter of 1732

Document that gave permission for GA to be Document that gave permission for GA to be foundedfounded

3 reasons:3 reasons:1.1. CharityCharity- give English ‘worthy poor’ a second chance- give English ‘worthy poor’ a second chance

2. 2. EconomicsEconomics- mercantilism:- mercantilism: rice, wine, indigo, most importantly= silkrice, wine, indigo, most importantly= silk Colonists had to plant mulberry treesColonists had to plant mulberry trees

3. 3. DefenseDefense- - BufferBuffer between rich South Carolina and between rich South Carolina and Spanish Florida Spanish Florida

New Rules- TRUSTEE PERIODNew Rules- TRUSTEE PERIOD

No rum or hard liquor No rum or hard liquor No slavery in GA No slavery in GA Barred liquor dealers, lawyers, & CatholicsBarred liquor dealers, lawyers, & Catholics Colonists HAD to defend GAColonists HAD to defend GA Grow Mulberry trees (for silk)Grow Mulberry trees (for silk) Could not sell their landCould not sell their land Female heirs couldn’t inherit Female heirs couldn’t inherit Obey ALL rules of Trustees Obey ALL rules of Trustees

22. Relations with Native Americans 22. Relations with Native Americans

Chief Tomochichi Chief Tomochichi – Chief of YamacrawsChief of Yamacraws– Allowed Oglethorpe to settle ‘Yamacraw Bluff,’ Allowed Oglethorpe to settle ‘Yamacraw Bluff,’

later, Savannah (first city & capital)later, Savannah (first city & capital)– Hoped for peace and trade between N.A. and Hoped for peace and trade between N.A. and

EnglishEnglish

Mary MusgroveMary Musgrove– Interpreter for Tomochichi and Oglethorpe Interpreter for Tomochichi and Oglethorpe

23. Immigrant groups 23. Immigrant groups

SalzburgersSalzburgers– Austrian protestant refugees Austrian protestant refugees – Settled ‘Ebenezer’ and ‘New Ebenezer’ Settled ‘Ebenezer’ and ‘New Ebenezer’ – VERY antislaveryVERY antislavery– First to:First to:

Establish Sunday school Establish Sunday school Found orphanage Found orphanage Have success with silk production Have success with silk production

24. Immigrant groups24. Immigrant groups

Highland ScotsHighland Scots– Brought by Oglethorpe Brought by Oglethorpe

to be soldiersto be soldiers

– Agreed because they Agreed because they wanted land of their wanted land of their ownown

– VERY antislavery VERY antislavery

25. Malcontents25. Malcontents

VERY upset about Trustee’s rules VERY upset about Trustee’s rules Wanted to own slavesWanted to own slaves Wanted to be able to buy more landWanted to be able to buy more land

Response Question (in class): What would Response Question (in class): What would the benefits be for colonists if they owned the benefits be for colonists if they owned slaves?slaves?

26. Threat from Spanish Florida26. Threat from Spanish Florida

Spanish FL still an Spanish FL still an ever-present threatever-present threat

Spanish wanted to get Spanish wanted to get to South Carolina, to South Carolina, where tobacco farms where tobacco farms made the colony made the colony HUGE moneyHUGE money

GA was the GA was the BUFFERBUFFER between SC and FLbetween SC and FL

27. Battle of Bloody Marsh 27. Battle of Bloody Marsh

Spanish constantly attacking GASpanish constantly attacking GA

Oglethorpe declared war on Spanish FLOglethorpe declared war on Spanish FL– Native Americans were allies to OglethorpeNative Americans were allies to Oglethorpe– Beat the Spanish at the Beat the Spanish at the Battle of Bloody Marsh Battle of Bloody Marsh

FL never tried againFL never tried again

28. Trustees Fail28. Trustees Fail

Trustees couldn’t make Trustees couldn’t make people follow their rules people follow their rules (could not self-govern)(could not self-govern)

Gave the colony back to Gave the colony back to King George II in 1752King George II in 1752

GA becomes a ROYAL GA becomes a ROYAL colony colony

29. A Royal Colony29. A Royal Colony

Now GA is under direct British rule-1752Now GA is under direct British rule-1752 King appoints Royal governors to rule GAKing appoints Royal governors to rule GA

– ReynoldsReynolds– Ellis Ellis – WrightWright

– Tumultuous time in GATumultuous time in GA

30. John Reynolds30. John Reynolds

First Royal Governor of GAFirst Royal Governor of GA Introduced self-governmentIntroduced self-government

– Georgia colonists hadn’t been able to vote, elect Georgia colonists hadn’t been able to vote, elect officials, or collect taxes under the Trusteesofficials, or collect taxes under the Trustees

– Set up court systemSet up court system– Bi-cameral (2 house) legislatureBi-cameral (2 house) legislature

Lower House: colonists could run and be electedLower House: colonists could run and be elected Upper House: King appointed officialsUpper House: King appointed officials

31. Fired!31. Fired!

Reynolds tried to act like the King, taking Reynolds tried to act like the King, taking away the rights he introduced to colonistsaway the rights he introduced to colonists

Replaced with Henry EllisReplaced with Henry Ellis– Allowed slavery into GAAllowed slavery into GA– HUGE economic gainsHUGE economic gains– Successful and well-liked royal governorSuccessful and well-liked royal governor

– Wright took over when Ellis became illWright took over when Ellis became ill Was governor during American RevolutionWas governor during American Revolution

32. Results of Royal Colony32. Results of Royal Colony

Unlike under the Trustee’s rule, Georgians Unlike under the Trustee’s rule, Georgians could now:could now:– Use slaves to expand agricultural profitsUse slaves to expand agricultural profits– Own more landOwn more land– Introduced self-government (elections, voting, Introduced self-government (elections, voting,

bi-cameral legislature, etc.)bi-cameral legislature, etc.)

33. What’s to come…33. What’s to come…

Georgians liked Georgians liked Reynolds idea of self-Reynolds idea of self-government so much, government so much, they would later be they would later be willing to go to war with willing to go to war with England to preserve itEngland to preserve it

TEST TIME!!TEST TIME!!

Test will coverTest will cover: : - GA geographyGA geography- Native American culturesNative American cultures- European explorationsEuropean explorations- Founding of GA Founding of GA

- Trustee ColonyTrustee Colony- Royal ColonyRoyal Colony

- All test questions will come directly from your notesAll test questions will come directly from your notes